Old/New Testament
Israel’s Punishment
9 Israel, do not rejoice;
don’t shout for joy as the other nations do.
You have been ·like a prostitute against [unfaithful to] your God.
You love the pay of prostitutes on every threshing floor.
2 But the threshing floor and the winepress will not feed the people,
and ·there won’t be enough new wine [or the new wine will deceive them].
3 The people will not stay in the Lord’s land.
·Israel [L Ephraim] will return ·to being captives as they were in [L to] Egypt,
and in Assyria they will eat ·food that they are not allowed to eat [L unclean food; C food forbidden by the law; Lev. 11].
4 The Israelites will not ·give [pour out] offerings of wine to the Lord;
and their sacrifices will not please him.
Their sacrifices will be like ·food that is eaten at a funeral [mourners bread; Deut. 26:14];
it is unclean, and everyone who eats it becomes unclean [C because touched by someone who has touched a dead body; Num. 19:22].
Their food will only satisfy their hunger;
·they cannot sacrifice it in [L it will not come into] the Temple.
5 What will you do then on the day of ·feasts [your appointed festivals]
and on the day of the Lord’s festival?
6 [L Look; T Behold] Even if the people ·are not destroyed [escape destruction],
Egypt will ·capture [or receive; L gather] them;
Memphis [C a city in Egypt famous for its tombs] will bury them.
·Weeds [Briers; Nettles] will grow over their silver treasures,
and thorns will ·drive them out of [possess; inherit] their tents.
7 The time of punishment has come,
the ·time to pay for sins [L days of recompense/vengeance].
Let Israel know this:
·You think the [L The] prophet is a fool,
and ·you say the [L the] ·spiritual person [Spirit-inspired person] is crazy.
·You [or This is because you] have sinned very much,
and your hatred is great.
8 ·Is Israel a watchman?
Are God’s people prophets? [or The prophet is a watchman over Ephraim on God’s behalf]
·Everywhere Israel goes, traps are set for him [or …yet traps/snares await him on all his paths].
·He is an enemy [or …and hatred even] in God’s house.
9 ·The people of Israel [L They] have gone deep into ·sin [depravity; corruption]
as ·the people of Gibeah did [L in the days of Gibeah; Judg. 19–20].
The Lord will remember ·the evil things they have done [their wickedness/iniquity],
and he will punish their sins.
10 “When I found Israel,
it was like finding grapes in the ·desert [wilderness].
Your ·ancestors [fathers; forefathers] were like
finding the first figs on the fig tree.
But when they came to Baal Peor,
they ·began worshiping an idol [L consecrated/dedicated themselves to a shameful thing; Num. 25:3–18],
and they became as ·hateful [detestable] as the thing they ·worshiped [L loved].
11 ·Israel’s [L Ephraim’s; 4:17] glory will fly away like a bird;
there will be no more pregnancy, no more births, no more conception.
12 But even if ·the Israelites [L they] bring up children,
I will take them all away.
·How terrible it will be for [L Woe to] them
when I ·go away [turn away; depart] from them!
13 I have seen Israel, like ·Tyre [or a young palm],
·given [L planted in] a pleasant place.
But ·the people of Israel [L Ephraim; 4:17] will soon bring out
their children to ·be killed [slaughter; or the slayer].”
14 Lord, ·give them what they should have [L give them].
What will you give them?
·Make their women unable to have children [L Give them wombs that miscarry];
give them ·dried-up breasts that cannot feed their babies [L dry breasts].
15 “The Israelites were very wicked in Gilgal [C a center of false worship in Israel; 4:15],
so I have hated them there.
Because of the sinful things they have done,
I will ·force them to leave [drive them out of] my land.
I will no longer love them;
their ·leaders [princes] ·have turned against me [are rebels/rebellious].
16 ·Israel [L Ephraim] is ·beaten down [struck down; or blighted];
its root is ·dying [withered; dried up], and it ·has [bears] no fruit.
If they have more children,
I will kill the ·children they love [L cherished offspring of their womb].”
17 My God will reject them,
because they have not obeyed him;
they will ·wander [be wanderers/fugitives] among the nations.
Israel Will Pay for Sin
10 Israel is like a ·large [spreading; lush; luxuriant] vine
that produced plenty of fruit.
As ·the people became richer [L his fruit increased],
they built more altars [C for idols].
As their land ·became better [prospered; improved],
they ·put up better [or adorned their] ·stone pillars to honor gods [sacred pillars].
2 Their heart was ·false [or divided; fickle],
and now they must ·pay for [bear] their guilt.
The Lord will break down their altars;
he will destroy their holy stone pillars.
3 Then they will say, “We have no king,
because we didn’t ·honor [revere; fear] the Lord [Prov. 1:7].
As for the king,
·he couldn’t do anything [L what could he do…?] for us.”
4 With words that mean nothing they make ·false [empty] ·promises [oaths]
and ·agreements [covenants; treaties] which they don’t keep.
So ·people sue each other in court [L lawsuits/judgments spring up];
they are like poisonous weeds growing in [L the rows/furrows of] a plowed field.
5 The people from ·Israel [L Samaria; C the capital of the northern kingdom of Israel] are worried about
the ·calf-shaped idol [calf; heifer; 1 Kin. 12:28] at Beth Aven [4:15].
The people will ·cry about [mourn over] it,
and the ·priests [idol-priests] will ·cry about [lament/wail over] it.
They used to ·shout for joy [rejoice] about its glory,
but ·it has been taken from them into exile [or its glory has departed].
6 It will be carried off to Assyria
as a gift to ·the great king [or King Jareb; C this may be a title or a personal name].
·Israel [L Ephraim; 4:17] will be disgraced,
and ·the people [L Israel] will be ashamed for ·not obeying [or its counsel; or its wooden idol].
7 ·Israel [L Samaria; v. 5] will be destroyed;
its king will be like a ·chip of wood [twig] floating on the water.
8 The ·places of false worship [L high places of wickedness; or high places of Aven; v. 5; 4:15] will be destroyed,
the places where Israel sins.
Thorns and ·weeds [thistles] will grow up
and cover their altars.
Then they will say to the mountains, “Cover us!”
and to the hills, “Fall on us! [Luke 23:30; Rev. 6:16]”
9 “Israel, you have sinned since the ·time [L days] of Gibeah [9:9; Judg. 19–21],
and ·the people there have continued sinning [L there they have remained; or there they took their stand].
·But war will surely overwhelm [L Did not war overtake…?] them in Gibeah,
because of the evil they have done there.
10 When I ·am ready [desire; please],
I will come to ·punish [discipline] them.
Nations will come together against them,
and they will be ·punished [bound in chains] for their ·double [L two] sins [C could mean “twice the punishment” (Is. 40:2) or the two sins of rejecting God and his anointed Davidic king].
11 ·Israel [L Ephraim; 4:17] is like a well-trained ·young cow [heifer]
that likes to thresh grain.
I will put a ·yoke [or a fine yoke] on her ·neck [or fair neck]
and ·make her work hard in the field [drive Ephraim hard].
Israel will plow,
and Judah will break up the ground.
12 I said, ‘·Plant goodness [Sow righteousness],
·harvest the fruit of loyalty [reap mercy/lovingkindness],
·plow the new ground of knowledge [L break up the unplowed/fallow ground].
·Look for [or For it is time to seek] the Lord until he comes
and ·pours goodness on you like water [L rains/showers righteousness/justice on you].’
13 But you have plowed ·evil [wickedness; iniquity]
and ·harvested [reaped] ·trouble [evil; injustice];
you have eaten the fruit of ·your lies [deception; treachery].
Because you have trusted in your own ·power [or chariots]
and your many ·soldiers [warriors],
14 ·your people will hear [L against your people will rise] the ·noise [roar; tumult] of battle,
and all your ·strong, walled cities [fortresses] will be destroyed.
It will be like the time King Shalman
destroyed Beth Arbel in battle [2 Kin. 17:3],
when mothers and their children were ·bashed to death [dashed to pieces].
15 The same will happen to you, ·people of Bethel [L Bethel],
because ·you did so much evil [your wickedness is great].
·When the sun comes up [or When judgment day dawns; or As swiftly as the dawn; L At dawn],
the king of Israel will ·die [L be completely cut off].
God’s Love for Israel
11 “When Israel was a ·child [youth], I loved him,
and I called my son out of Egypt [C the Exodus; Ex. 4:22; Matt. 2:15].
2 But when I called ·the people of Israel [L them],
they went away from me.
They offered sacrifices to the Baals
and burned incense to ·the idols [images].
3 It was I who taught ·Israel [L Ephraim; 4:17] to walk,
and I took them by the arms,
but they did not ·understand [or acknowledge]
that I had healed them.
4 I led them with cords of ·human kindness [humanity; or leather],
with ropes of love.
I lifted ·the yoke from their neck [or them like a little child to my cheek]
and bent down and fed them.
5 “·The Israelites will become captives again, as they were in [or Will they not return to…? or They will not return to] Egypt,
and ·Assyria will [or will not Assyria…?] become their king,
because they refuse to turn back to God.
6 ·War will sweep through [L A sword will slash/flash in] their cities
and will destroy ·them [their gates; or their priests]
and ·kill [devour] them because of their ·wicked plans [counsels].
7 My people ·have made up their minds [are determined]
to ·turn away [desert; backslide] from me.
·The prophets call them to turn to me [or They call me Most High; or They call to Baal],
but ·none of them honors me at all [or I will not exalt them; or he will never exalt them].
8 “·Israel [L Ephraim; 4:17], how can I give you up?
How can I ·give you away [hand you over], Israel?
·I don’t want to [L How can I…?] make you like Admah
or treat you like Zeboiim [C two cities destroyed together with Sodom and Gomorrah; Gen. 19:24–25; Deut. 4:25–31].
My heart ·beats for you [or has changed within me; or is torn within me],
and my ·love for you stirs up my pity [compassion is aroused/stirred up/kindled].
9 I won’t ·punish you in my [unleash my burning] anger,
and I won’t destroy ·Israel [L Ephraim; 4:17] again.
I am God and not a human;
I am the Holy One, and I am among you.
I will not come against ·you in anger [you with terror; or your cities].
10 They will ·go after [follow] the Lord,
and he will roar like a lion.
When he roars,
his children will ·hurry [L come trembling] to him from the west [C God’s people would return not only from Babylon and Assyria in the east but from every direction].
11 They will come ·swiftly [or trembling]
like birds from Egypt
and like doves from Assyria.
I will settle them again in their homes,”
says the Lord.
The Lord Is Against Israel
12 ·Israel [L Ephraim; 4:17] has surrounded me with lies;
the ·people have made [L house of Israel with] evil plans.
·And [or But] Judah ·turns against [or roams away from; or still walks with] God,
·the faithful [or and is faithful to the] Holy One.
To the Church in Sardis
3 “Write this to the ·angel [messenger; see 1:20] of the church in ·Sardis [C the capital of the Roman province of Lydia in western Asia Minor]:
“The One [C the resurrected Jesus] who has the ·seven spirits [C referring either to angels or to the “sevenfold Spirit”—the Holy Spirit portrayed in his perfection; 1:4] and the seven stars [1:16] says ·this [L these things]: I know ·what you do [your works]. ·People say [L You have a name/reputation] that you are alive, but really you are dead. 2 Wake up! Strengthen what you have left ·before it dies completely [or which is about to die]. I have found that ·what you are doing is less than what my God wants [L your works are incompleted/unfulfilled before my God]. 3 So ·do not forget [L remember] what you have received and heard. Obey it, and ·change your hearts and lives [repent]. ·So you must wake up, or [L But if you do not wake up,] I will come like a thief, and you will not know ·when [L at what hour] I will come ·to [upon; against] you. 4 But you have a ·few [few people; L few names] there in Sardis who have kept their clothes ·unstained [unsoiled; undefiled], so they will walk with me ·and will wear white clothes [L in white], because they are worthy. 5 Those who ·win the victory [overcome; conquer] will be dressed in white clothes like them. And I will ·not [never; C an emphatic negation] erase [wipe out; blot out] their names from the ·book [scroll] of life [Ex. 32:32–33; Ps. 69:28; Dan. 12:1], but I will ·say they belong to me [L confess their names] before my Father and before his angels. 6 Everyone who has ears should ·listen to [hear; obey] what the Spirit says to the churches.
To the Church in Philadelphia
7 “Write this to the ·angel [messenger; see 1:20] of the church in ·Philadelphia [a city in the Roman province of Lydia in western Asia Minor]:
“This is what the One who is holy and true, who holds the key of David [C the resurrected Jesus; holding the key of David signifies access to the king; Is. 22:22], says. When he opens a door, no one can close it. And when he closes it, no one can open it [C Jesus controls access to God]. 8 I know ·what you do [your works]. I have put an open door before you, which no one can close. I know you have little ·strength [power], but you have ·obeyed my teaching [L kept my word] and ·were not afraid to speak [L have not denied] my name. 9 Those in the synagogue ·that belongs to Satan [L of Satan] say they are Jews, but they are not true Jews; they are liars. I will make them come before you and bow at your feet, and they will ·know [acknowledge; learn] that I have loved you. 10 You have ·obeyed my teaching [L kept my word] about ·not giving up your faith [endurance; perseverance]. So I will keep you from the ·time [hour] of ·trouble [trial; testing] that ·will come [or is about to come] to the whole world to test those who live on earth.
11 “I am coming ·soon [quickly]. ·Continue strong in your faith [L Hold on to what you have] so no one will take away your crown [C wreath indicating honor or victory; 2:10]. 12 I will make those who ·win the victory [overcome; conquer] pillars in the temple of my God [C an image of stability and security close to the glory of God], and they will never have to leave it [C frequent earthquakes often forced Philadelphians to live outdoors]. I will write on them the name of my God and the name of the city of my God, the new Jerusalem, that comes down out of heaven from my God [C the believers’ eternal dwelling place; see chs. 21—22]. I will also write on them my new name. 13 Everyone who has ears should ·listen to [hear; obey] what the Spirit says to the churches.
To the Church in Laodicea
14 “Write this to the ·angel [or messenger; see 1:20] of the church in Laodicea [C a city in Phrygia, a mountainous province of western Asia]:
“The Amen [C Hebrew for “so be it”; here referring to Jesus], the faithful and true witness, ·the ruler of all God has made [1:5; Prov. 8:30–31; C the resurrected Jesus], says this [L these things]: 15 I know ·what you do [your works], that you are not hot or cold. I wish that you were hot or cold [C both positive images, alluding to cold refreshing mountain streams and healing hot springs near Laodicea]! 16 But because you are lukewarm—neither hot, nor cold—I am ready to ·spit [vomit] you out of my mouth. 17 [L For] You say, ‘I am rich, and I have become wealthy and do not need anything.’ But you do not know that you are really ·miserable [wretched], pitiful, poor, blind, and naked. 18 I advise you to buy from me gold ·made pure in [refined by] fire so you can be truly rich. Buy from me white clothes [C indicating purity] so you can be clothed and so you can cover your shameful nakedness. Buy from me ·medicine [salve; ointment] to put on your eyes so you can truly see.
19 “I ·correct [rebuke] and ·punish [discipline] those whom I love. So be ·eager to do right [zealous; earnest], and ·change your hearts and lives [repent]. 20 ·Here I am [L Look; T Behold]! I stand at the door and knock. If ·you [L anyone] hear my voice and open the door, I will come in and eat with you, and you will eat with me.
21 “Those who ·win the victory [overcome; conquer] will sit with me on my throne in the same way that I ·won the victory [overcame; conquered; C over death, by his resurrection] and sat down with my Father on his throne. 22 Everyone who has ears should ·listen to [hear; obey] what the Spirit says to the churches.”
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