25:12 Edom. Edom made incursions into Judah at the time of Jerusalem’s fall (35:15; 36:5; Ps. 137:7–9; Lam. 4:21, 22). The enmity between Israel and Edom is traced in the Bible to the relationship between Jacob and Esau (Gen. 25:23, 30). Ezekiel includes a second oracle against Edom in ch. 35; other prophets make pronouncements against this state in Is. 34:5–11; Jer. 49:7–22; Amos 1:11, 12; Obad.; Mal. 1:3–5.