Revelation 22:15
New English Translation
15 Outside are the dogs and the sorcerers[a] and the sexually immoral, and the murderers, and the idolaters and everyone who loves and practices falsehood![b]
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- Revelation 22:15 tn On the term φάρμακοι (pharmakoi) see L&N 53.101.
- Revelation 22:15 tn Or “lying,” “deceit.”
1 Corinthians 6:9-10
New English Translation
9 Do you not know that the unrighteous will not inherit the kingdom of God? Do not be deceived! The sexually immoral, idolaters, adulterers, passive homosexual partners,[a] practicing homosexuals,[b] 10 thieves, the greedy, drunkards, the verbally abusive,[c] and swindlers will not inherit the kingdom of God.
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- 1 Corinthians 6:9 tn This term is sometimes rendered “effeminate,” although in contemporary English usage such a translation could be taken to refer to demeanor rather than behavior. BDAG 613 s.v. μαλακός 2 has “pert. to being passive in a same-sex relationship, effeminate esp. of catamites, of men and boys who are sodomized by other males in such a relationship.” L&N 88.281 states, “the passive male partner in homosexual intercourse—‘homosexual.’…As in Greek, a number of other languages also have entirely distinct terms for the active and passive roles in homosexual intercourse.” See also the discussion in G. D. Fee, First Corinthians (NICNT), 243-44. A number of modern translations have adopted the phrase “male prostitutes” for μαλακοί in 1 Cor 6:9 (NIV, NRSV, NLT) but this could be misunderstood by the modern reader to mean “males who sell their services to women,” while the term in question appears, at least in context, to relate to homosexual activity between males. Furthermore, it is far from certain that prostitution as commonly understood (the selling of sexual favors) is specified here, as opposed to a consensual relationship. Thus the translation “passive homosexual partners” has been used here.
- 1 Corinthians 6:9 tn On this term BDAG 135 s.v. ἀρσενοκοίτης states, “a male who engages in sexual activity w. a pers. of his own sex, pederast 1 Cor 6:9…of one who assumes the dominant role in same-sex activity, opp. μαλακός…1 Ti 1:10; Pol 5:3. Cp. Ro 1:27.” L&N 88.280 states, “a male partner in homosexual intercourse—‘homosexual.’…It is possible that ἀρσενοκοίτης in certain contexts refers to the active male partner in homosexual intercourse in contrast with μαλακός, the passive male partner.” Since there is a distinction in contemporary usage between sexual orientation and actual behavior, the qualification “practicing” was supplied in the translation, following the emphasis in BDAG.
- 1 Corinthians 6:10 tn Or “revilers”; BDAG 602 s.v. λοίδορος defines the term as “reviler, abusive person.” Because the term “abusive” without further qualification has become associated in contemporary English with both physical and sexual abuse, the qualifier “verbally” has been supplied in the translation.
Galatians 5:9-21
New English Translation
9 A little yeast makes the whole batch of dough rise![a] 10 I am confident[b] in the Lord that you will accept no other view.[c] But the one who is confusing[d] you will pay the penalty,[e] whoever he may be. 11 Now, brothers and sisters,[f] if I am still preaching circumcision, why am I still being persecuted?[g] In that case the offense of the cross[h] has been removed.[i] 12 I wish those agitators[j] would go so far as to[k] castrate themselves![l]
Practice Love
13 For you were called to freedom, brothers and sisters;[m] only do not use your freedom as an opportunity to indulge your flesh,[n] but through love serve one another.[o] 14 For the whole law can be summed up in a single commandment,[p] namely, “You must love your neighbor as yourself.”[q] 15 However, if you continually bite and devour one another,[r] beware that you are not consumed[s] by one another. 16 But I say, live[t] by the Spirit and you will not carry out the desires of the flesh.[u] 17 For the flesh has desires that are opposed to the Spirit, and the Spirit has desires[v] that are opposed to the flesh, for these are in opposition to[w] each other, so that you cannot do what you want. 18 But if you are led by the Spirit, you are not under the law. 19 Now the works of the flesh[x] are obvious:[y] sexual immorality, impurity, depravity, 20 idolatry, sorcery,[z] hostilities,[aa] strife,[ab] jealousy, outbursts of anger, selfish rivalries, dissensions,[ac] factions, 21 envying,[ad] murder,[ae] drunkenness, carousing,[af] and similar things. I am warning you, as I had warned you before: Those who practice such things will not inherit the kingdom of God!
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- Galatians 5:9 tn Grk “A little leaven leavens the whole lump.”
- Galatians 5:10 tn The verb translated “I am confident” (πέποιθα, pepoitha) comes from the same root in Greek as the words translated “obey” (πείθεσθαι, peithesthai) in v. 7 and “persuasion” (πεισμονή, peismonē) in v. 8.
- Galatians 5:10 tn Grk “that you will think nothing otherwise.”
- Galatians 5:10 tn Or “is stirring you up”; Grk “is troubling you.” In context Paul is referring to the confusion and turmoil caused by those who insist that Gentile converts to Christianity must observe the Mosaic law.
- Galatians 5:10 tn Or “will suffer condemnation” (L&N 90.80); Grk “will bear his judgment.” The translation “must pay the penalty” is given as an explanatory gloss on the phrase by BDAG 171 s.v. βαστάζω 2.b.β.
- Galatians 5:11 tn Grk “brothers.” See note on the phrase “brothers and sisters” in 1:11.
- Galatians 5:11 sn That is, if Paul still teaches observance of the Mosaic law (preaches circumcision), why is he still being persecuted by his opponents, who insist that Gentile converts to Christianity must observe the Mosaic law?
- Galatians 5:11 sn The offense of the cross refers to the offense to Jews caused by preaching Christ crucified.
- Galatians 5:11 tn Or “nullified.”
- Galatians 5:12 tn Grk “the ones who are upsetting you.” The same verb is used in Acts 21:38 to refer to a person who incited a revolt. Paul could be alluding indirectly to the fact that his opponents are inciting the Galatians to rebel against his teaching with regard to circumcision and the law.
- Galatians 5:12 tn Grk “would even.”
- Galatians 5:12 tn Or “make eunuchs of themselves”; Grk “cut themselves off.” This statement is rhetorical hyperbole on Paul’s part. It does strongly suggest, however, that Paul’s adversaries in this case (“those agitators”) were men. Some interpreters (notably Erasmus and the Reformers) have attempted to soften the meaning to a figurative “separate themselves” (meaning the opponents would withdraw from fellowship) but such an understanding dramatically weakens the rhetorical force of Paul’s argument. Although it has been argued that such an act of emasculation would be unthinkable for Paul, it must be noted that Paul’s statement is one of biting sarcasm, obviously not meant to be taken literally. See further G. Stählin, TDNT 3:853-55.
- Galatians 5:13 tn Grk “brothers.” See note on the phrase “brothers and sisters” in 1:11.
- Galatians 5:13 tn Grk “as an opportunity for the flesh”; BDAG 915 s.v. σάρξ 2.c.α states: “In Paul’s thought esp., all parts of the body constitute a totality known as σ. or flesh, which is dominated by sin to such a degree that wherever flesh is, all forms of sin are likew. present, and no good thing can live in the σάρξ…Gal 5:13, 24; …Opp. τὸ πνεῦμα…Gal 3:3; 5:16, 17ab; 6:8ab.”
- Galatians 5:13 tn It is possible that the verb δουλεύετε (douleuete) should be translated “serve one another in a humble manner” here, referring to the way in which slaves serve their masters (see L&N 35.27).
- Galatians 5:14 tn Or “can be fulfilled in one commandment.”
- Galatians 5:14 sn A quotation from Lev 19:18.
- Galatians 5:15 tn That is, “if you are harming and exploiting one another.” Paul’s metaphors are retained in most modern translations, but it is possible to see the meanings of δάκνω and κατεσθίω (daknō and katesthiō, L&N 20.26 and 88.145) as figurative extensions of the literal meanings of these terms and to translate them accordingly. The present tenses here are translated as customary presents (“continually…”).
- Galatians 5:15 tn Or “destroyed.”
- Galatians 5:16 tn Grk “walk” (a common NT idiom for how one conducts one’s life or how one behaves).
- Galatians 5:16 tn On the term “flesh” (once in this verse and twice in v. 17) see the note on the same word in Gal 5:13.
- Galatians 5:17 tn The words “has desires” do not occur in the Greek text a second time, but are repeated in the translation for clarity.
- Galatians 5:17 tn Or “are hostile toward” (L&N 39.1).
- Galatians 5:19 tn See the note on the word “flesh” in Gal 5:13.
- Galatians 5:19 tn Or “clear,” “evident.”
- Galatians 5:20 tn Or “witchcraft.”
- Galatians 5:20 tn Or “enmities,” “[acts of] hatred.”
- Galatians 5:20 tn Or “discord” (L&N 39.22).
- Galatians 5:20 tn Or “discord(s)” (L&N 39.13).
- Galatians 5:21 tn This term is plural in Greek (as is “murder” and “carousing”), but for clarity these abstract nouns have been translated as singular.
- Galatians 5:21 tc ‡ φόνοι (phonoi, “murders”) is absent in such significant mss as P46 א B 33 81 323 945 sa, while the majority of mss (A C D F G Ψ 0122 0278 1175 1241 1505 1739 1881 2464 M lat bo) have the word. Although the pedigree of the mss which lack the term is of the highest degree, homoioteleuton may explain the shorter reading. The preceding word has merely one letter difference, making it quite possible to overlook this term (φθόνοι φόνοι, phthonoi phonoi). At the same time, φθόνου φόνου (phthonou phonou, “envy, murder”) is solidly attested in Rom 1:29, suggesting that scribes were not necessarily prone to dropping “murder” accidentally. A decision is difficult, with a slight preference for phonoi here.
- Galatians 5:21 tn Or “revelings,” “orgies” (L&N 88.287).
Revelation 21:27
New English Translation
27 but[a] nothing ritually unclean[b] will ever enter into it, nor anyone who does what is detestable[c] or practices falsehood,[d] but only those whose names[e] are written in the Lamb’s book of life.
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- Revelation 21:27 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context.
- Revelation 21:27 tn Here BDAG 552 s.v. κοινός 2 states, “pert. to being of little value because of being common, common, ordinary, profane…b. specifically, of that which is ceremonially impure: Rv 21:27.”
- Revelation 21:27 tn Or “what is abhorrent”; Grk “who practices abominations.”
- Revelation 21:27 tn Grk “practicing abomination or falsehood.” Because of the way βδέλυγμα (bdelugma) has been translated (“does what is detestable”) it was necessary to repeat the idea from the participle ποιῶν (poiōn, “practices”) before the term “falsehood.” On this term, BDAG 1097 s.v. ψεῦδος states, “ποιεῖν ψεῦδος practice (the things that go with) falsehood Rv 21:27; 22:15.” Cf. Rev 3:9.
- Revelation 21:27 tn Grk “those who are written”; the word “names” is implied.
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