³⁶ As he went along, people spread their cloaks^(A) on the road.

³⁷ When he came near the place where the road goes down the Mount of Olives,^(B) the whole crowd of disciples began joyfully to praise God in loud voices for all the miracles they had seen:

³⁹ Some of the Pharisees in the crowd said to Jesus, “Teacher, rebuke your disciples!”^(E)

⁴⁰ “I tell you,” he replied, “if they keep quiet, the stones will cry out.”^(F)

⁴¹ As he approached Jerusalem and saw the city, he wept over it^{(G) 42} and said, “If you, even you, had only known on this day what would bring you peace—but now it is hidden from your eyes. ⁴³ The days will come upon you when your enemies will build an embankment against you and encircle you and hem you in on every side.^{(H) 44} They will dash you to the ground, you and the children within your walls.^(I) They will not leave one stone on another,^(J) because you did not recognize the time of God’s coming^(K) to you.”

Jesus at the Temple^(L)

⁴⁵ When Jesus entered the temple courts, he began to drive out those who were selling. ⁴⁶ “It is written,” he said to them, “‘My house will be a house of prayer’^[b];^(M) but you have made it ‘a den of robbers.’^[c]”^(N)

Paul’s Anguish Over Israel

9 I speak the truth in Christ—I am not lying,^(A) my conscience confirms^(B) it through the Holy Spirit— ² I have great sorrow and unceasing anguish in my heart. ³ For I could wish that I myself^(C) were cursed^(D) and cut off from Christ for the sake of my people,^(E) those of my own race,^{(F) 4} the people of Israel.^(G) Theirs is the adoption to sonship;^(H) theirs the divine glory,^(I) the covenants,^(J) the receiving of the law,^(K) the temple worship^(L) and the promises.^{(M) 5} Theirs are the patriarchs,^(N) and from them is traced the human ancestry of the Messiah,^(O) who is God over all,^(P) forever praised!^[a](Q) Amen.

God’s Sovereign Choice

⁶ It is not as though God’s word^(R) had failed. For not all who are descended from Israel are Israel.^{(S) 7} Nor because they are his descendants are they all Abraham’s children. On the contrary, “It is through Isaac that your offspring will be reckoned.”^{[b](T) 8} In other words, it is not the children by physical descent who are God’s children,^(U) but it is the children of the promise who are regarded as Abraham’s offspring.^{(V) 9} For this was how the promise was stated: “At the appointed time I will return, and Sarah will have a son.”^[c](W)

¹⁰ Not only that, but Rebekah’s children were conceived at the same time by our father Isaac.^{(X) 11} Yet, before the twins were born or had done anything good or bad^(Y)—in order that God’s purpose^(Z) in election might stand: ¹² not by works but by him who calls—she was told, “The older will serve the younger.”^{[d](AA) 13} Just as it is written: “Jacob I loved, but Esau I hated.”^[e](AB)

¹⁴ What then shall we say?^(AC) Is God unjust? Not at all!^{(AD) 15} For he says to Moses,

¹⁶ It does not, therefore, depend on human desire or effort, but on God’s mercy.^{(AF) 17} For Scripture says to Pharaoh: “I raised you up for this very purpose, that I might display my power in you and that my name might be proclaimed in all the earth.”^{[g](AG) 18} Therefore God has mercy on whom he wants to have mercy, and he hardens whom he wants to harden.^(AH)

¹⁹ One of you will say to me:^(AI) “Then why does God still blame us?^(AJ) For who is able to resist his will?”^{(AK) 20} But who are you, a human being, to talk back to God?^(AL) “Shall what is formed say to the one who formed it,^(AM) ‘Why did you make me like this?’”^{[h](AN) 21} Does not the potter have the right to make out of the same lump of clay some pottery for special purposes and some for common use?^(AO)

²² What if God, although choosing to show his wrath and make his power known, bore with great patience^(AP) the objects of his wrath—prepared for destruction?^{(AQ) 23} What if he did this to make the riches of his glory^(AR) known to the objects of his mercy, whom he prepared in advance for glory^(AS)— ²⁴ even us, whom he also called,^(AT) not only from the Jews but also from the Gentiles?^{(AU) 25} As he says in Hosea:

²⁶ and,

²⁷ Isaiah cries out concerning Israel:

²⁹ It is just as Isaiah said previously:

Israel’s Unbelief

³⁰ What then shall we say?^(BC) That the Gentiles, who did not pursue righteousness, have obtained it, a righteousness that is by faith;^{(BD) 31} but the people of Israel, who pursued the law as the way of righteousness,^(BE) have not attained their goal.^{(BF) 32} Why not? Because they pursued it not by faith but as if it were by works. They stumbled over the stumbling stone.^{(BG) 33} As it is written:

10 Brothers and sisters, my heart’s desire^(BI) and prayer to God for the Israelites is that they may be saved. ² For I can testify about them that they are zealous^(BJ) for God, but their zeal is not based on knowledge. ³ Since they did not know the righteousness of God and sought to establish their own, they did not submit to God’s righteousness.^{(BK) 4} Christ is the culmination of the law^(BL) so that there may be righteousness for everyone who believes.^(BM)

⁵ Moses writes this about the righteousness that is by the law: “The person who does these things will live by them.”^{[n](BN) 6} But the righteousness that is by faith^(BO) says: “Do not say in your heart, ‘Who will ascend into heaven?’”^[o](BP) (that is, to bring Christ down) ⁷ “or ‘Who will descend into the deep?’”^[p](BQ) (that is, to bring Christ up from the dead).^{(BR) 8} But what does it say? “The word is near you; it is in your mouth and in your heart,”^[q](BS) that is, the message concerning faith that we proclaim: ⁹ If you declare^(BT) with your mouth, “Jesus is Lord,”^(BU) and believe^(BV) in your heart that God raised him from the dead,^(BW) you will be saved.^{(BX) 10} For it is with your heart that you believe and are justified, and it is with your mouth that you profess your faith and are saved. ¹¹ As Scripture says, “Anyone who believes in him will never be put to shame.”^{[r](BY) 12} For there is no difference between Jew and Gentile^(BZ)—the same Lord is Lord of all^(CA) and richly blesses all who call on him, ¹³ for, “Everyone who calls on the name of the Lord^(CB) will be saved.”^[s](CC)

¹⁴ How, then, can they call on the one they have not believed in? And how can they believe in the one of whom they have not heard? And how can they hear without someone preaching to them? ¹⁵ And how can anyone preach unless they are sent? As it is written: “How beautiful are the feet of those who bring good news!”^[t](CD)

¹⁶ But not all the Israelites accepted the good news.^(CE) For Isaiah says, “Lord, who has believed our message?”^{[u](CF) 17} Consequently, faith comes from hearing the message,^(CG) and the message is heard through the word about Christ.^{(CH) 18} But I ask: Did they not hear? Of course they did:

¹⁹ Again I ask: Did Israel not understand? First, Moses says,

²⁰ And Isaiah boldly says,

²¹ But concerning Israel he says,

The Remnant of Israel

11 I ask then: Did God reject his people? By no means!^(CN) I am an Israelite myself, a descendant of Abraham,^(CO) from the tribe of Benjamin.^{(CP) 2} God did not reject his people,^(CQ) whom he foreknew.^(CR) Don’t you know what Scripture says in the passage about Elijah—how he appealed to God against Israel: ³ “Lord, they have killed your prophets and torn down your altars; I am the only one left, and they are trying to kill me”^[z]?^{(CS) 4} And what was God’s answer to him? “I have reserved for myself seven thousand who have not bowed the knee to Baal.”^{[aa](CT) 5} So too, at the present time there is a remnant^(CU) chosen by grace.^{(CV) 6} And if by grace, then it cannot be based on works;^(CW) if it were, grace would no longer be grace.

⁷ What then? What the people of Israel sought so earnestly they did not obtain.^(CX) The elect among them did, but the others were hardened,^{(CY) 8} as it is written:

⁹ And David says:

Ingrafted Branches

¹¹ Again I ask: Did they stumble so as to fall beyond recovery? Not at all!^(DD) Rather, because of their transgression, salvation has come to the Gentiles^(DE) to make Israel envious.^{(DF) 12} But if their transgression means riches for the world, and their loss means riches for the Gentiles,^(DG) how much greater riches will their full inclusion bring!

¹³ I am talking to you Gentiles. Inasmuch as I am the apostle to the Gentiles,^(DH) I take pride in my ministry ¹⁴ in the hope that I may somehow arouse my own people to envy^(DI) and save^(DJ) some of them. ¹⁵ For if their rejection brought reconciliation^(DK) to the world, what will their acceptance be but life from the dead?^{(DL) 16} If the part of the dough offered as firstfruits^(DM) is holy, then the whole batch is holy; if the root is holy, so are the branches.

¹⁷ If some of the branches have been broken off,^(DN) and you, though a wild olive shoot, have been grafted in among the others^(DO) and now share in the nourishing sap from the olive root, ¹⁸ do not consider yourself to be superior to those other branches. If you do, consider this: You do not support the root, but the root supports you.^{(DP) 19} You will say then, “Branches were broken off so that I could be grafted in.” ²⁰ Granted. But they were broken off because of unbelief, and you stand by faith.^(DQ) Do not be arrogant,^(DR) but tremble.^{(DS) 21} For if God did not spare the natural branches, he will not spare you either.

²² Consider therefore the kindness^(DT) and sternness of God: sternness to those who fell, but kindness to you, provided that you continue^(DU) in his kindness. Otherwise, you also will be cut off.^{(DV) 23} And if they do not persist in unbelief, they will be grafted in, for God is able to graft them in again.^{(DW) 24} After all, if you were cut out of an olive tree that is wild by nature, and contrary to nature were grafted into a cultivated olive tree,^(DX) how much more readily will these, the natural branches, be grafted into their own olive tree!

All Israel Will Be Saved

²⁵ I do not want you to be ignorant^(DY) of this mystery,^(DZ) brothers and sisters, so that you may not be conceited:^(EA) Israel has experienced a hardening^(EB) in part until the full number of the Gentiles has come in,^{(EC) 26} and in this way^[ad] all Israel will be saved.^(ED) As it is written:

²⁸ As far as the gospel is concerned, they are enemies^(EF) for your sake; but as far as election is concerned, they are loved on account of the patriarchs,^{(EG) 29} for God’s gifts and his call^(EH) are irrevocable.^{(EI) 30} Just as you who were at one time disobedient^(EJ) to God have now received mercy as a result of their disobedience, ³¹ so they too have now become disobedient in order that they too may now^[ag] receive mercy as a result of God’s mercy to you. ³² For God has bound everyone over to disobedience^(EK) so that he may have mercy on them all.

Doxology

Renewal of Ezekiel’s Call as Watchman

33 The word of the Lord came to me: ² “Son of man, speak to your people and say to them: ‘When I bring the sword^(A) against a land, and the people of the land choose one of their men and make him their watchman,^{(B) 3} and he sees the sword coming against the land and blows the trumpet^(C) to warn the people, ⁴ then if anyone hears the trumpet but does not heed the warning^(D) and the sword comes and takes their life, their blood will be on their own head.^{(E) 5} Since they heard the sound of the trumpet but did not heed the warning, their blood will be on their own head.^(F) If they had heeded the warning, they would have saved themselves.^{(G) 6} But if the watchman sees the sword coming and does not blow the trumpet to warn the people and the sword comes and takes someone’s life, that person’s life will be taken because of their sin, but I will hold the watchman accountable for their blood.’^(H)

⁷ “Son of man, I have made you a watchman^(I) for the people of Israel; so hear the word I speak and give them warning from me.^{(J) 8} When I say to the wicked, ‘You wicked person, you will surely die,^(K)’ and you do not speak out to dissuade them from their ways, that wicked person will die for^[a] their sin, and I will hold you accountable for their blood.^{(L) 9} But if you do warn the wicked person to turn from their ways and they do not do so,^(M) they will die for their sin, though you yourself will be saved.^(N)

¹⁰ “Son of man, say to the Israelites, ‘This is what you are saying: “Our offenses and sins weigh us down, and we are wasting away^(O) because of^[b] them. How then can we live?^(P)”’ ¹¹ Say to them, ‘As surely as I live, declares the Sovereign Lord, I take no pleasure in the death of the wicked, but rather that they turn from their ways and live.^(Q) Turn!^(R) Turn from your evil ways! Why will you die, people of Israel?’^(S)

¹² “Therefore, son of man, say to your people,^(T) ‘If someone who is righteous disobeys, that person’s former righteousness will count for nothing. And if someone who is wicked repents, that person’s former wickedness will not bring condemnation. The righteous person who sins will not be allowed to live even though they were formerly righteous.’^{(U) 13} If I tell a righteous person that they will surely live, but then they trust in their righteousness and do evil, none of the righteous things that person has done will be remembered; they will die for the evil they have done.^{(V) 14} And if I say to a wicked person, ‘You will surely die,’ but they then turn away from their sin and do what is just^(W) and right— ¹⁵ if they give back what they took in pledge^(X) for a loan, return what they have stolen,^(Y) follow the decrees that give life, and do no evil—that person will surely live; they will not die.^{(Z) 16} None of the sins^(AA) that person has committed will be remembered against them. They have done what is just and right; they will surely live.^(AB)

¹⁷ “Yet your people say, ‘The way of the Lord is not just.’ But it is their way that is not just. ¹⁸ If a righteous person turns from their righteousness and does evil,^(AC) they will die for it.^{(AD) 19} And if a wicked person turns away from their wickedness and does what is just and right, they will live by doing so.^{(AE) 20} Yet you Israelites say, ‘The way of the Lord is not just.’ But I will judge each of you according to your own ways.”^(AF)

Jerusalem’s Fall Explained

²¹ In the twelfth year of our exile, in the tenth month on the fifth day, a man who had escaped^(AG) from Jerusalem came to me and said, “The city has fallen!^(AH)” ²² Now the evening before the man arrived, the hand of the Lord was on me,^(AI) and he opened my mouth^(AJ) before the man came to me in the morning. So my mouth was opened and I was no longer silent.^(AK)

²³ Then the word of the Lord came to me: ²⁴ “Son of man, the people living in those ruins^(AL) in the land of Israel are saying, ‘Abraham was only one man, yet he possessed the land. But we are many;^(AM) surely the land has been given to us as our possession.’^{(AN) 25} Therefore say to them, ‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says: Since you eat^(AO) meat with the blood^(AP) still in it and look to your idols and shed blood, should you then possess the land?^{(AQ) 26} You rely on your sword, you do detestable things,^(AR) and each of you defiles his neighbor’s wife.^(AS) Should you then possess the land?’

²⁷ “Say this to them: ‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says: As surely as I live, those who are left in the ruins will fall by the sword, those out in the country I will give to the wild animals to be devoured, and those in strongholds and caves will die of a plague.^{(AT) 28} I will make the land a desolate waste, and her proud strength will come to an end, and the mountains^(AU) of Israel will become desolate so that no one will cross them.^{(AV) 29} Then they will know that I am the Lord, when I have made the land a desolate^(AW) waste because of all the detestable things they have done.’^(AX)

³⁰ “As for you, son of man, your people are talking together about you by the walls and at the doors of the houses, saying to each other, ‘Come and hear the message that has come from the Lord.’ ³¹ My people come to you, as they usually do, and sit before^(AY) you to hear your words, but they do not put them into practice. Their mouths speak of love, but their hearts are greedy^(AZ) for unjust gain.^{(BA) 32} Indeed, to them you are nothing more than one who sings love songs^(BB) with a beautiful voice and plays an instrument well, for they hear your words but do not put them into practice.^(BC)

³³ “When all this comes true—and it surely will—then they will know that a prophet has been among them.^(BD)”