22 The Lord said to Moses, ² “Tell Aaron and his sons to treat with respect the sacred offerings^(A) the Israelites consecrate to me, so they will not profane my holy name.^(B) I am the Lord.^(C)

³ “Say to them: ‘For the generations to come, if any of your descendants is ceremonially unclean and yet comes near the sacred offerings that the Israelites consecrate to the Lord,^(D) that person must be cut off from my presence.^(E) I am the Lord.

⁴ “‘If a descendant of Aaron has a defiling skin disease^[a] or a bodily discharge,^(F) he may not eat the sacred offerings until he is cleansed. He will also be unclean if he touches something defiled by a corpse^(G) or by anyone who has an emission of semen, ⁵ or if he touches any crawling thing^(H) that makes him unclean, or any person^(I) who makes him unclean, whatever the uncleanness may be. ⁶ The one who touches any such thing will be unclean^(J) till evening.^(K) He must not eat any of the sacred offerings unless he has bathed himself with water.^{(L) 7} When the sun goes down, he will be clean, and after that he may eat the sacred offerings, for they are his food.^{(M) 8} He must not eat anything found dead^(N) or torn by wild animals,^(O) and so become unclean^(P) through it. I am the Lord.^(Q)

⁹ “‘The priests are to perform my service^(R) in such a way that they do not become guilty^(S) and die^(T) for treating it with contempt. I am the Lord, who makes them holy.^(U)

¹⁰ “‘No one outside a priest’s family may eat the sacred offering, nor may the guest of a priest or his hired worker eat it.^{(V) 11} But if a priest buys a slave with money, or if slaves are born in his household, they may eat his food.^{(W) 12} If a priest’s daughter marries anyone other than a priest, she may not eat any of the sacred contributions. ¹³ But if a priest’s daughter becomes a widow or is divorced, yet has no children, and she returns to live in her father’s household as in her youth, she may eat her father’s food. No unauthorized person, however, may eat it.

¹⁴ “‘Anyone who eats a sacred offering by mistake^(X) must make restitution to the priest for the offering and add a fifth of the value^(Y) to it. ¹⁵ The priests must not desecrate the sacred offerings^(Z) the Israelites present to the Lord^{(AA) 16} by allowing them to eat^(AB) the sacred offerings and so bring upon them guilt^(AC) requiring payment.^(AD) I am the Lord, who makes them holy.^(AE)’”

Unacceptable Sacrifices

¹⁷ The Lord said to Moses, ¹⁸ “Speak to Aaron and his sons and to all the Israelites and say to them: ‘If any of you—whether an Israelite or a foreigner residing in Israel^(AF)—presents a gift^(AG) for a burnt offering to the Lord, either to fulfill a vow^(AH) or as a freewill offering,^{(AI) 19} you must present a male without defect^(AJ) from the cattle, sheep or goats in order that it may be accepted on your behalf.^{(AK) 20} Do not bring anything with a defect,^(AL) because it will not be accepted on your behalf.^{(AM) 21} When anyone brings from the herd or flock^(AN) a fellowship offering^(AO) to the Lord to fulfill a special vow or as a freewill offering,^(AP) it must be without defect or blemish^(AQ) to be acceptable.^{(AR) 22} Do not offer to the Lord the blind, the injured or the maimed, or anything with warts or festering or running sores. Do not place any of these on the altar as a food offering presented to the Lord. ²³ You may, however, present as a freewill offering an ox^[b] or a sheep that is deformed or stunted, but it will not be accepted in fulfillment of a vow. ²⁴ You must not offer to the Lord an animal whose testicles are bruised, crushed, torn or cut.^(AS) You must not do this in your own land, ²⁵ and you must not accept such animals from the hand of a foreigner and offer them as the food of your God.^(AT) They will not be accepted on your behalf, because they are deformed and have defects.^(AU)’”

²⁶ The Lord said to Moses, ²⁷ “When a calf, a lamb or a goat^(AV) is born, it is to remain with its mother for seven days.^(AW) From the eighth day^(AX) on, it will be acceptable^(AY) as a food offering presented to the Lord. ²⁸ Do not slaughter a cow or a sheep and its young on the same day.^(AZ)

²⁹ “When you sacrifice a thank offering^(BA) to the Lord, sacrifice it in such a way that it will be accepted on your behalf. ³⁰ It must be eaten that same day; leave none of it till morning.^(BB) I am the Lord.^(BC)

³¹ “Keep^(BD) my commands and follow them.^(BE) I am the Lord. ³² Do not profane my holy name,^(BF) for I must be acknowledged as holy by the Israelites.^(BG) I am the Lord, who made you holy^{(BH) 33} and who brought you out of Egypt^(BI) to be your God.^(BJ) I am the Lord.”

The Appointed Festivals

23 The Lord said to Moses, ² “Speak to the Israelites and say to them: ‘These are my appointed festivals,^(BK) the appointed festivals of the Lord, which you are to proclaim as sacred assemblies.^(BL)

The Sabbath

³ “‘There are six days when you may work,^(BM) but the seventh day is a day of sabbath rest,^(BN) a day of sacred assembly. You are not to do any work;^(BO) wherever you live, it is a sabbath to the Lord.

The Passover and the Festival of Unleavened Bread^(BP)

⁴ “‘These are the Lord’s appointed festivals, the sacred assemblies you are to proclaim at their appointed times:^{(BQ) 5} The Lord’s Passover^(BR) begins at twilight on the fourteenth day of the first month.^{(BS) 6} On the fifteenth day of that month the Lord’s Festival of Unleavened Bread^(BT) begins; for seven days^(BU) you must eat bread made without yeast. ⁷ On the first day hold a sacred assembly^(BV) and do no regular work. ⁸ For seven days present a food offering to the Lord.^(BW) And on the seventh day hold a sacred assembly and do no regular work.’”

Offering the Firstfruits

⁹ The Lord said to Moses, ¹⁰ “Speak to the Israelites and say to them: ‘When you enter the land I am going to give you^(BX) and you reap its harvest,^(BY) bring to the priest a sheaf^(BZ) of the first grain you harvest.^{(CA) 11} He is to wave the sheaf before the Lord^(CB) so it will be accepted^(CC) on your behalf; the priest is to wave it on the day after the Sabbath. ¹² On the day you wave the sheaf, you must sacrifice as a burnt offering to the Lord a lamb a year old^(CD) without defect,^{(CE) 13} together with its grain offering^(CF) of two-tenths of an ephah^[c](CG) of the finest flour mixed with olive oil—a food offering presented to the Lord, a pleasing aroma—and its drink offering^(CH) of a quarter of a hin^[d] of wine.^{(CI) 14} You must not eat any bread, or roasted or new grain,^(CJ) until the very day you bring this offering to your God.^(CK) This is to be a lasting ordinance for the generations to come,^(CL) wherever you live.^(CM)

The Festival of Weeks^(CN)

¹⁵ “‘From the day after the Sabbath, the day you brought the sheaf of the wave offering, count off seven full weeks. ¹⁶ Count off fifty days up to the day after the seventh Sabbath,^(CO) and then present an offering of new grain to the Lord. ¹⁷ From wherever you live, bring two loaves made of two-tenths of an ephah^(CP) of the finest flour, baked with yeast, as a wave offering of firstfruits^(CQ) to the Lord. ¹⁸ Present with this bread seven male lambs, each a year old and without defect, one young bull and two rams. They will be a burnt offering to the Lord, together with their grain offerings and drink offerings^(CR)—a food offering, an aroma pleasing to the Lord. ¹⁹ Then sacrifice one male goat for a sin offering^[e] and two lambs, each a year old, for a fellowship offering. ²⁰ The priest is to wave the two lambs before the Lord as a wave offering,^(CS) together with the bread of the firstfruits. They are a sacred offering to the Lord for the priest. ²¹ On that same day you are to proclaim a sacred assembly^(CT) and do no regular work.^(CU) This is to be a lasting ordinance for the generations to come, wherever you live.

²² “‘When you reap the harvest^(CV) of your land, do not reap to the very edges of your field or gather the gleanings of your harvest.^(CW) Leave them for the poor and for the foreigner residing among you.^(CX) I am the Lord your God.’”

The Festival of Trumpets^(CY)

²³ The Lord said to Moses, ²⁴ “Say to the Israelites: ‘On the first day of the seventh month you are to have a day of sabbath rest, a sacred assembly^(CZ) commemorated with trumpet blasts.^{(DA) 25} Do no regular work,^(DB) but present a food offering to the Lord.^(DC)’”

The Day of Atonement^(DD)

²⁶ The Lord said to Moses, ²⁷ “The tenth day of this seventh month^(DE) is the Day of Atonement.^(DF) Hold a sacred assembly^(DG) and deny yourselves,^[f] and present a food offering to the Lord. ²⁸ Do not do any work^(DH) on that day, because it is the Day of Atonement, when atonement is made for you before the Lord your God. ²⁹ Those who do not deny themselves on that day must be cut off from their people.^{(DI) 30} I will destroy from among their people^(DJ) anyone who does any work on that day. ³¹ You shall do no work at all. This is to be a lasting ordinance^(DK) for the generations to come, wherever you live. ³² It is a day of sabbath rest^(DL) for you, and you must deny yourselves. From the evening of the ninth day of the month until the following evening you are to observe your sabbath.”^(DM)

The Festival of Tabernacles^(DN)

³³ The Lord said to Moses, ³⁴ “Say to the Israelites: ‘On the fifteenth day of the seventh^(DO) month the Lord’s Festival of Tabernacles^(DP) begins, and it lasts for seven days. ³⁵ The first day is a sacred assembly;^(DQ) do no regular work.^{(DR) 36} For seven days present food offerings to the Lord, and on the eighth day hold a sacred assembly^(DS) and present a food offering to the Lord.^(DT) It is the closing special assembly; do no regular work.

³⁷ (“‘These are the Lord’s appointed festivals, which you are to proclaim as sacred assemblies for bringing food offerings to the Lord—the burnt offerings and grain offerings, sacrifices and drink offerings^(DU) required for each day. ³⁸ These offerings^(DV) are in addition to those for the Lord’s Sabbaths^(DW) and^[g] in addition to your gifts and whatever you have vowed and all the freewill offerings^(DX) you give to the Lord.)

³⁹ “‘So beginning with the fifteenth day of the seventh month, after you have gathered the crops of the land, celebrate the festival^(DY) to the Lord for seven days;^(DZ) the first day is a day of sabbath rest, and the eighth day also is a day of sabbath rest. ⁴⁰ On the first day you are to take branches^(EA) from luxuriant trees—from palms, willows and other leafy trees^(EB)—and rejoice^(EC) before the Lord your God for seven days. ⁴¹ Celebrate this as a festival to the Lord for seven days each year. This is to be a lasting ordinance for the generations to come; celebrate it in the seventh month. ⁴² Live in temporary shelters^(ED) for seven days: All native-born Israelites are to live in such shelters ⁴³ so your descendants will know^(EE) that I had the Israelites live in temporary shelters when I brought them out of Egypt. I am the Lord your God.’”

⁴⁴ So Moses announced to the Israelites the appointed festivals of the Lord.

Olive Oil and Bread Set Before the Lord^(EF)

24 The Lord said to Moses, ² “Command the Israelites to bring you clear oil of pressed olives for the light so that the lamps may be kept burning continually. ³ Outside the curtain that shields the ark of the covenant law in the tent of meeting, Aaron is to tend the lamps before the Lord from evening till morning, continually. This is to be a lasting ordinance^(EG) for the generations to come. ⁴ The lamps on the pure gold lampstand^(EH) before the Lord must be tended continually.

⁵ “Take the finest flour and bake twelve loaves of bread,^(EI) using two-tenths of an ephah^[h](EJ) for each loaf. ⁶ Arrange them in two stacks, six in each stack, on the table of pure gold^(EK) before the Lord. ⁷ By each stack put some pure incense^(EL) as a memorial^[i] portion^(EM) to represent the bread and to be a food offering presented to the Lord. ⁸ This bread is to be set out before the Lord regularly,^(EN) Sabbath after Sabbath,^(EO) on behalf of the Israelites, as a lasting covenant. ⁹ It belongs to Aaron and his sons,^(EP) who are to eat it in the sanctuary area,^(EQ) because it is a most holy^(ER) part of their perpetual share of the food offerings presented to the Lord.”

A Blasphemer Put to Death

¹⁰ Now the son of an Israelite mother and an Egyptian father went out among the Israelites, and a fight broke out in the camp between him and an Israelite. ¹¹ The son of the Israelite woman blasphemed the Name^(ES) with a curse;^(ET) so they brought him to Moses.^(EU) (His mother’s name was Shelomith, the daughter of Dibri the Danite.)^{(EV) 12} They put him in custody until the will of the Lord should be made clear to them.^(EW)

¹³ Then the Lord said to Moses: ¹⁴ “Take the blasphemer outside the camp. All those who heard him are to lay their hands on his head, and the entire assembly is to stone him.^{(EX) 15} Say to the Israelites: ‘Anyone who curses their God^(EY) will be held responsible;^{(EZ) 16} anyone who blasphemes^(FA) the name of the Lord is to be put to death.^(FB) The entire assembly must stone them. Whether foreigner or native-born, when they blaspheme the Name they are to be put to death.

¹⁷ “‘Anyone who takes the life of a human being is to be put to death.^{(FC) 18} Anyone who takes the life of someone’s animal must make restitution^(FD)—life for life. ¹⁹ Anyone who injures their neighbor is to be injured in the same manner: ²⁰ fracture for fracture, eye for eye, tooth for tooth.^(FE) The one who has inflicted the injury must suffer the same injury. ²¹ Whoever kills an animal must make restitution,^(FF) but whoever kills a human being is to be put to death.^{(FG) 22} You are to have the same law for the foreigner^(FH) and the native-born.^(FI) I am the Lord your God.’”

²³ Then Moses spoke to the Israelites, and they took the blasphemer outside the camp and stoned him.^(FJ) The Israelites did as the Lord commanded Moses.

23 Paul looked straight at the Sanhedrin^(A) and said, “My brothers,^(B) I have fulfilled my duty to God in all good conscience^(C) to this day.” ² At this the high priest Ananias^(D) ordered those standing near Paul to strike him on the mouth.^{(E) 3} Then Paul said to him, “God will strike you, you whitewashed wall!^(F) You sit there to judge me according to the law, yet you yourself violate the law by commanding that I be struck!”^(G)

⁴ Those who were standing near Paul said, “How dare you insult God’s high priest!”

⁵ Paul replied, “Brothers, I did not realize that he was the high priest; for it is written: ‘Do not speak evil about the ruler of your people.’^[a]”^(H)

⁶ Then Paul, knowing that some of them were Sadducees^(I) and the others Pharisees, called out in the Sanhedrin, “My brothers,^(J) I am a Pharisee,^(K) descended from Pharisees. I stand on trial because of the hope of the resurrection of the dead.”^{(L) 7} When he said this, a dispute broke out between the Pharisees and the Sadducees, and the assembly was divided. ⁸ (The Sadducees say that there is no resurrection,^(M) and that there are neither angels nor spirits, but the Pharisees believe all these things.)

⁹ There was a great uproar, and some of the teachers of the law who were Pharisees^(N) stood up and argued vigorously. “We find nothing wrong with this man,”^(O) they said. “What if a spirit or an angel has spoken to him?”^{(P) 10} The dispute became so violent that the commander was afraid Paul would be torn to pieces by them. He ordered the troops to go down and take him away from them by force and bring him into the barracks.^(Q)

¹¹ The following night the Lord stood near Paul and said, “Take courage!^(R) As you have testified about me in Jerusalem, so you must also testify in Rome.”^(S)

The Plot to Kill Paul

¹² The next morning some Jews formed a conspiracy^(T) and bound themselves with an oath not to eat or drink until they had killed Paul.^{(U) 13} More than forty men were involved in this plot. ¹⁴ They went to the chief priests and the elders and said, “We have taken a solemn oath not to eat anything until we have killed Paul.^{(V) 15} Now then, you and the Sanhedrin^(W) petition the commander to bring him before you on the pretext of wanting more accurate information about his case. We are ready to kill him before he gets here.”

¹⁶ But when the son of Paul’s sister heard of this plot, he went into the barracks^(X) and told Paul.

¹⁷ Then Paul called one of the centurions and said, “Take this young man to the commander; he has something to tell him.” ¹⁸ So he took him to the commander.

The centurion said, “Paul, the prisoner,^(Y) sent for me and asked me to bring this young man to you because he has something to tell you.”

¹⁹ The commander took the young man by the hand, drew him aside and asked, “What is it you want to tell me?”

²⁰ He said: “Some Jews have agreed to ask you to bring Paul before the Sanhedrin^(Z) tomorrow on the pretext of wanting more accurate information about him.^{(AA) 21} Don’t give in to them, because more than forty^(AB) of them are waiting in ambush for him. They have taken an oath not to eat or drink until they have killed him.^(AC) They are ready now, waiting for your consent to their request.”

²² The commander dismissed the young man with this warning: “Don’t tell anyone that you have reported this to me.”

Paul Transferred to Caesarea

²³ Then he called two of his centurions and ordered them, “Get ready a detachment of two hundred soldiers, seventy horsemen and two hundred spearmen^[b] to go to Caesarea^(AD) at nine tonight.^{(AE) 24} Provide horses for Paul so that he may be taken safely to Governor Felix.”^(AF)

²⁵ He wrote a letter as follows:

³¹ So the soldiers, carrying out their orders, took Paul with them during the night and brought him as far as Antipatris. ³² The next day they let the cavalry^(AR) go on with him, while they returned to the barracks.^{(AS) 33} When the cavalry^(AT) arrived in Caesarea,^(AU) they delivered the letter to the governor^(AV) and handed Paul over to him. ³⁴ The governor read the letter and asked what province he was from. Learning that he was from Cilicia,^{(AW) 35} he said, “I will hear your case when your accusers^(AX) get here.” Then he ordered that Paul be kept under guard^(AY) in Herod’s palace.

Paul’s Trial Before Felix

24 Five days later the high priest Ananias^(AZ) went down to Caesarea with some of the elders and a lawyer named Tertullus, and they brought their charges^(BA) against Paul before the governor.^{(BB) 2} When Paul was called in, Tertullus presented his case before Felix: “We have enjoyed a long period of peace under you, and your foresight has brought about reforms in this nation. ³ Everywhere and in every way, most excellent^(BC) Felix, we acknowledge this with profound gratitude. ⁴ But in order not to weary you further, I would request that you be kind enough to hear us briefly.

⁵ “We have found this man to be a troublemaker, stirring up riots^(BD) among the Jews^(BE) all over the world. He is a ringleader of the Nazarene^(BF) sect^{(BG) 6} and even tried to desecrate the temple;^(BH) so we seized him. ^{[7] [c] 8} By examining him yourself you will be able to learn the truth about all these charges we are bringing against him.”

⁹ The other Jews joined in the accusation,^(BI) asserting that these things were true.

¹⁰ When the governor^(BJ) motioned for him to speak, Paul replied: “I know that for a number of years you have been a judge over this nation; so I gladly make my defense. ¹¹ You can easily verify that no more than twelve days^(BK) ago I went up to Jerusalem to worship. ¹² My accusers did not find me arguing with anyone at the temple,^(BL) or stirring up a crowd^(BM) in the synagogues or anywhere else in the city. ¹³ And they cannot prove to you the charges they are now making against me.^{(BN) 14} However, I admit that I worship the God of our ancestors^(BO) as a follower of the Way,^(BP) which they call a sect.^(BQ) I believe everything that is in accordance with the Law and that is written in the Prophets,^{(BR) 15} and I have the same hope in God as these men themselves have, that there will be a resurrection^(BS) of both the righteous and the wicked.^{(BT) 16} So I strive always to keep my conscience clear^(BU) before God and man.

¹⁷ “After an absence of several years, I came to Jerusalem to bring my people gifts for the poor^(BV) and to present offerings. ¹⁸ I was ceremonially clean^(BW) when they found me in the temple courts doing this. There was no crowd with me, nor was I involved in any disturbance.^{(BX) 19} But there are some Jews from the province of Asia,^(BY) who ought to be here before you and bring charges if they have anything against me.^{(BZ) 20} Or these who are here should state what crime they found in me when I stood before the Sanhedrin— ²¹ unless it was this one thing I shouted as I stood in their presence: ‘It is concerning the resurrection of the dead that I am on trial before you today.’”^(CA)

²² Then Felix, who was well acquainted with the Way,^(CB) adjourned the proceedings. “When Lysias the commander comes,” he said, “I will decide your case.” ²³ He ordered the centurion to keep Paul under guard^(CC) but to give him some freedom^(CD) and permit his friends to take care of his needs.^(CE)

²⁴ Several days later Felix came with his wife Drusilla, who was Jewish. He sent for Paul and listened to him as he spoke about faith in Christ Jesus.^{(CF) 25} As Paul talked about righteousness, self-control^(CG) and the judgment^(CH) to come, Felix was afraid^(CI) and said, “That’s enough for now! You may leave. When I find it convenient, I will send for you.” ²⁶ At the same time he was hoping that Paul would offer him a bribe, so he sent for him frequently and talked with him.

²⁷ When two years had passed, Felix was succeeded by Porcius Festus,^(CJ) but because Felix wanted to grant a favor to the Jews,^(CK) he left Paul in prison.^(CL)

Paul’s Trial Before Festus

25 Three days after arriving in the province, Festus^(CM) went up from Caesarea^(CN) to Jerusalem, ² where the chief priests and the Jewish leaders appeared before him and presented the charges against Paul.^{(CO) 3} They requested Festus, as a favor to them, to have Paul transferred to Jerusalem, for they were preparing an ambush to kill him along the way.^{(CP) 4} Festus answered, “Paul is being held^(CQ) at Caesarea,^(CR) and I myself am going there soon. ⁵ Let some of your leaders come with me, and if the man has done anything wrong, they can press charges against him there.”

⁶ After spending eight or ten days with them, Festus went down to Caesarea. The next day he convened the court^(CS) and ordered that Paul be brought before him.^{(CT) 7} When Paul came in, the Jews who had come down from Jerusalem stood around him. They brought many serious charges against him,^(CU) but they could not prove them.^(CV)

⁸ Then Paul made his defense: “I have done nothing wrong against the Jewish law or against the temple^(CW) or against Caesar.”

⁹ Festus, wishing to do the Jews a favor,^(CX) said to Paul, “Are you willing to go up to Jerusalem and stand trial before me there on these charges?”^(CY)

¹⁰ Paul answered: “I am now standing before Caesar’s court, where I ought to be tried. I have not done any wrong to the Jews,^(CZ) as you yourself know very well. ¹¹ If, however, I am guilty of doing anything deserving death, I do not refuse to die. But if the charges brought against me by these Jews are not true, no one has the right to hand me over to them. I appeal to Caesar!”^(DA)

¹² After Festus had conferred with his council, he declared: “You have appealed to Caesar. To Caesar you will go!”

Festus Consults King Agrippa

¹³ A few days later King Agrippa and Bernice arrived at Caesarea^(DB) to pay their respects to Festus. ¹⁴ Since they were spending many days there, Festus discussed Paul’s case with the king. He said: “There is a man here whom Felix left as a prisoner.^{(DC) 15} When I went to Jerusalem, the chief priests and the elders of the Jews brought charges against him^(DD) and asked that he be condemned.

¹⁶ “I told them that it is not the Roman custom to hand over anyone before they have faced their accusers and have had an opportunity to defend themselves against the charges.^{(DE) 17} When they came here with me, I did not delay the case, but convened the court the next day and ordered the man to be brought in.^{(DF) 18} When his accusers got up to speak, they did not charge him with any of the crimes I had expected. ¹⁹ Instead, they had some points of dispute^(DG) with him about their own religion^(DH) and about a dead man named Jesus who Paul claimed was alive. ²⁰ I was at a loss how to investigate such matters; so I asked if he would be willing to go to Jerusalem and stand trial there on these charges.^{(DI) 21} But when Paul made his appeal to be held over for the Emperor’s decision, I ordered him held until I could send him to Caesar.”^(DJ)

²² Then Agrippa said to Festus, “I would like to hear this man myself.”

He replied, “Tomorrow you will hear him.”^(DK)

Paul Before Agrippa^(DL)

²³ The next day Agrippa and Bernice^(DM) came with great pomp and entered the audience room with the high-ranking military officers and the prominent men of the city. At the command of Festus, Paul was brought in. ²⁴ Festus said: “King Agrippa, and all who are present with us, you see this man! The whole Jewish community^(DN) has petitioned me about him in Jerusalem and here in Caesarea, shouting that he ought not to live any longer.^{(DO) 25} I found he had done nothing deserving of death,^(DP) but because he made his appeal to the Emperor^(DQ) I decided to send him to Rome. ²⁶ But I have nothing definite to write to His Majesty about him. Therefore I have brought him before all of you, and especially before you, King Agrippa, so that as a result of this investigation I may have something to write. ²⁷ For I think it is unreasonable to send a prisoner on to Rome without specifying the charges against him.”