Riches et pauvres : la foi et les œuvres

Mes frères et sœurs, gardez-vous de toutes formes de favoritisme : c’est incompatible avec la foi en notre glorieux Seigneur Jésus-Christ. Supposez, en effet, qu’un homme vêtu d’habits somptueux, portant une bague en or entre dans votre assemblée, et qu’entre aussi un pauvre en haillons. Si, voyant l’homme somptueusement vêtu, vous vous empressez autour de lui et vous lui dites : « Veuillez vous asseoir ici, c’est une bonne place ! » tandis que vous dites au pauvre : « Tenez-vous là, debout, ou asseyez-vous par terre, à mes pieds », ne faites-vous pas des différences parmi vous, et ne portez-vous pas des jugements fondés sur de mauvaises raisons ?

Ecoutez, mes chers frères et sœurs, Dieu n’a-t-il pas choisi ceux qui sont pauvres dans ce monde pour qu’ils soient riches dans la foi et qu’ils héritent du royaume qu’il a promis à ceux qui l’aiment ? Et vous, vous méprisez le pauvre ? Ce sont pourtant les riches qui vous oppriment et qui vous traînent en justice devant les tribunaux ! Ce sont encore eux qui outragent le beau nom que l’on a invoqué sur vous[a].

Si, au contraire, vous vous conformez à la loi du royaume de Dieu[b], telle qu’on la trouve dans l’Ecriture[c] : Tu aimeras ton prochain comme toi-même[d], alors vous agissez bien. Mais si vous faites preuve de favoritisme, vous commettez un péché et vous voilà condamnés par la Loi, parce que vous lui désobéissez. 10 En effet, celui qui désobéit à un seul commandement de la Loi, même s’il obéit à tous les autres, se rend coupable à l’égard de toute la Loi. 11 Car celui qui a dit : Tu ne commettras pas d’adultère, a dit aussi : Tu ne commettras pas de meurtre[e]. Si donc, tout en évitant l’adultère, tu commets un meurtre, tu désobéis bel et bien à la Loi.

12 Parlez et agissez donc comme des personnes appelées à être jugées par la loi qui donne la liberté. 13 Dieu jugera sans pitié celui qui n’a témoigné aucune compassion aux autres ; mais la compassion triomphe du jugement.

14 Mes frères et sœurs, à quoi servirait-il à quelqu’un de dire qu’il a la foi s’il ne le démontre pas par ses actes ? Une telle foi peut-elle le sauver ?

15 Supposez qu’un frère ou une sœur manquent de vêtements et n’aient pas tous les jours assez à manger. 16 Et voilà que l’un de vous leur dit : « Au revoir, mes amis, portez-vous bien, restez au chaud et bon appétit », sans leur donner de quoi pourvoir aux besoins de leur corps, à quoi cela sert-il ? 17 Il en est ainsi de la foi : si elle reste seule, sans se traduire en actes, elle est morte[f]. 18 Mais quelqu’un dira : « L’un a la foi, l’autre les actes[g]. » Eh bien ! Montre-moi ta foi sans les actes, et je te montrerai ma foi par mes actes. 19 Tu crois qu’il y a un seul Dieu ? C’est bien. Mais les démons aussi le croient, et ils tremblent. 20 Insensé ! Veux-tu avoir la preuve que la foi sans les actes ne sert à rien[h] ? 21 Abraham, notre ancêtre, n’a-t-il pas été déclaré juste à cause de ses actes, lorsqu’il a offert son fils Isaac sur l’autel ? 22 Tu le vois, sa foi et ses actes agissaient ensemble et, grâce à ses actes, sa foi a atteint son plein épanouissement. 23 Ainsi s’accomplit ce que l’Ecriture déclare à son sujet : Abraham a eu confiance en Dieu, et Dieu, en portant sa foi à son crédit, l’a déclaré juste[i], et il l’a appelé son ami[j]. 24 Vous le voyez donc : on est déclaré juste devant Dieu à cause de ses actes, et pas uniquement à cause de sa foi. 25 Rahab, la prostituée, n’a-t-elle pas aussi été déclarée juste par Dieu à cause de ses actes, lorsqu’elle a donné asile aux envoyés israélites et les a aidés à s’échapper par un autre chemin[k] ? 26 Car comme le corps sans l’esprit est mort, la foi sans les actes est morte.

Footnotes

  1. 2.7 Lors du baptême. D’autres comprennent : le beau nom que Dieu vous a donné.
  2. 2.8 Autre traduction : la loi qui surpasse toute autre loi.
  3. 2.8 D’autres comprennent : si au contraire, en vous inspirant de cette parole de l’Ecriture : Tu aimeras ton prochain comme toi-même, vous accomplirez la loi du royaume de Dieu, vous faites bien.
  4. 2.8 Lv 19.18.
  5. 2.11 Ex 20.13-14 ; Dt 5.17-18.
  6. 2.17 Autre traduction : si elle ne se traduit pas en actes, elle est morte puisqu’elle n’est plus elle-même.
  7. 2.18 D’autres comprennent : toi (« faux » croyant), tu prétends avoir la foi ; et moi j’ai les œuvres. Eh bien, montre-moi… ou encore : toi (Jacques), tu prétends avoir la foi ; et moi j’ai les œuvres. Eh bien…
  8. 2.20 Certains manuscrits ont : morte.
  9. 2.23 Gn 15.6.
  10. 2.23 Es 41.8.
  11. 2.25 Voir Jos 2.1-21.

Favoritism Forbidden

My brothers and sisters, believers in our glorious(A) Lord Jesus Christ must not show favoritism.(B) Suppose a man comes into your meeting wearing a gold ring and fine clothes, and a poor man in filthy old clothes also comes in. If you show special attention to the man wearing fine clothes and say, “Here’s a good seat for you,” but say to the poor man, “You stand there” or “Sit on the floor by my feet,” have you not discriminated among yourselves and become judges(C) with evil thoughts?

Listen, my dear brothers and sisters:(D) Has not God chosen those who are poor in the eyes of the world(E) to be rich in faith(F) and to inherit the kingdom(G) he promised those who love him?(H) But you have dishonored the poor.(I) Is it not the rich who are exploiting you? Are they not the ones who are dragging you into court?(J) Are they not the ones who are blaspheming the noble name of him to whom you belong?

If you really keep the royal law found in Scripture, “Love your neighbor as yourself,”[a](K) you are doing right. But if you show favoritism,(L) you sin and are convicted by the law as lawbreakers.(M) 10 For whoever keeps the whole law and yet stumbles(N) at just one point is guilty of breaking all of it.(O) 11 For he who said, “You shall not commit adultery,”[b](P) also said, “You shall not murder.”[c](Q) If you do not commit adultery but do commit murder, you have become a lawbreaker.

12 Speak and act as those who are going to be judged(R) by the law that gives freedom,(S) 13 because judgment without mercy will be shown to anyone who has not been merciful.(T) Mercy triumphs over judgment.

Faith and Deeds

14 What good is it, my brothers and sisters, if someone claims to have faith but has no deeds?(U) Can such faith save them? 15 Suppose a brother or a sister is without clothes and daily food.(V) 16 If one of you says to them, “Go in peace; keep warm and well fed,” but does nothing about their physical needs, what good is it?(W) 17 In the same way, faith by itself, if it is not accompanied by action, is dead.(X)

18 But someone will say, “You have faith; I have deeds.”

Show me your faith without deeds,(Y) and I will show you my faith(Z) by my deeds.(AA) 19 You believe that there is one God.(AB) Good! Even the demons believe that(AC)—and shudder.

20 You foolish person, do you want evidence that faith without deeds is useless[d]?(AD) 21 Was not our father Abraham considered righteous for what he did when he offered his son Isaac on the altar?(AE) 22 You see that his faith and his actions were working together,(AF) and his faith was made complete by what he did.(AG) 23 And the scripture was fulfilled that says, “Abraham believed God, and it was credited to him as righteousness,”[e](AH) and he was called God’s friend.(AI) 24 You see that a person is considered righteous by what they do and not by faith alone.

25 In the same way, was not even Rahab the prostitute considered righteous for what she did when she gave lodging to the spies and sent them off in a different direction?(AJ) 26 As the body without the spirit is dead, so faith without deeds is dead.(AK)

Footnotes

  1. James 2:8 Lev. 19:18
  2. James 2:11 Exodus 20:14; Deut. 5:18
  3. James 2:11 Exodus 20:13; Deut. 5:17
  4. James 2:20 Some early manuscripts dead
  5. James 2:23 Gen. 15:6

Beware of Personal Favoritism

My brethren, do not hold the faith of our Lord Jesus Christ, (A)the Lord of glory, with (B)partiality. For if there should come into your assembly a man with gold rings, in [a]fine apparel, and there should also come in a poor man in [b]filthy clothes, and you [c]pay attention to the one wearing the fine clothes and say to him, “You sit here in a good place,” and say to the poor man, “You stand there,” or, “Sit here at my footstool,” have you not [d]shown partiality among yourselves, and become judges with evil thoughts?

Listen, my beloved brethren: (C)Has God not chosen the poor of this world to be (D)rich in faith and heirs of the kingdom (E)which He promised to those who love Him? But (F)you have dishonored the poor man. Do not the rich oppress you (G)and drag you into the courts? Do they not blaspheme that noble name by which you are (H)called?

If you really fulfill the royal law according to the Scripture, (I)“You shall love your neighbor as yourself,” you do well; but if you [e]show partiality, you commit sin, and are convicted by the law as (J)transgressors. 10 For whoever shall keep the whole law, and yet (K)stumble in one point, (L)he is guilty of all. 11 For He who said, (M)“Do not commit adultery,” also said, (N)“Do not murder.” Now if you do not commit adultery, but you do murder, you have become a transgressor of the law. 12 So speak and so do as those who will be judged by (O)the law of liberty. 13 For (P)judgment is without mercy to the one who has shown (Q)no (R)mercy. (S)Mercy triumphs over judgment.

Faith Without Works Is Dead(T)

14 (U)What does it profit, my brethren, if someone says he has faith but does not have works? Can faith save him? 15 (V)If a brother or sister is naked and destitute of daily food, 16 and (W)one of you says to them, “Depart in peace, be warmed and filled,” but you do not give them the things which are needed for the body, what does it profit? 17 Thus also faith by itself, if it does not have works, is dead.

18 But someone will say, “You have faith, and I have works.” (X)Show me your faith without [f]your works, (Y)and I will show you my faith by [g]my works. 19 You believe that there is one God. You do well. Even the demons believe—and tremble! 20 But do you want to know, O foolish man, that faith without works is [h]dead? 21 Was not Abraham our father justified by works (Z)when he offered Isaac his son on the altar? 22 Do you see (AA)that faith was working together with his works, and by (AB)works faith was made [i]perfect? 23 And the Scripture was fulfilled which says, (AC)“Abraham believed God, and it was [j]accounted to him for righteousness.” And he was called (AD)the friend of God. 24 You see then that a man is justified by works, and not by faith only.

25 Likewise, (AE)was not Rahab the harlot also justified by works when she received the messengers and sent them out another way?

26 For as the body without the spirit is dead, so faith without works is dead also.

Footnotes

  1. James 2:2 bright
  2. James 2:2 vile
  3. James 2:3 Lit. look upon
  4. James 2:4 differentiated
  5. James 2:9 Lit. receive the face
  6. James 2:18 NU omits your
  7. James 2:18 NU omits my
  8. James 2:20 NU useless
  9. James 2:22 complete
  10. James 2:23 credited

The Sin of Partiality

My brothers,[a] (A)show no partiality as you hold the faith in our Lord Jesus Christ, (B)the Lord of glory. For if a man wearing a gold ring and fine clothing comes into your assembly, and a poor man in shabby clothing also comes in, and if you pay attention to the one who wears the fine clothing and say, “You sit here in a good place,” (C)while you say to the poor man, “You stand over there,” or, “Sit down at my feet,” have you not then made distinctions among yourselves and become (D)judges with evil thoughts? Listen, my beloved brothers, (E)has not God chosen those who are poor in the world to be (F)rich in faith and heirs of (G)the kingdom, (H)which he has promised to those who love him? But you (I)have dishonored the poor man. Are not the rich the ones who oppress you, and the ones who (J)drag you (K)into court? Are they not the ones who blaspheme the honorable (L)name by which you were called?

If you really fulfill the royal law according to the Scripture, (M)“You shall love your neighbor as yourself,” you are doing well. But if you (N)show partiality, you are committing sin and are convicted by the law as transgressors. 10 For whoever keeps the whole law but fails in one point (O)has become guilty of all of it. 11 For he who said, (P)“Do not commit adultery,” also said, (Q)“Do not murder.” If you do not commit adultery but do murder, you have become a transgressor of the law. 12 So speak and so act as those who are to be judged under (R)the law of liberty. 13 For (S)judgment is without mercy to one who has shown no mercy. Mercy triumphs over judgment.

Faith Without Works Is Dead

14 What good is it, my brothers, if someone says he has faith (T)but does not have works? Can that faith save him? 15 (U)If a brother or sister is poorly clothed and lacking in daily food, 16 (V)and one of you says to them, “Go in peace, be warmed and filled,” without giving them the things needed for the body, what good[b] is that? 17 So also faith by itself, if it does not have works, is dead.

18 But someone will say, “You have faith and I have works.” Show me your faith (W)apart from your works, and I will show you my faith (X)by my works. 19 (Y)You believe that God is one; you do well. Even (Z)the demons believe—and shudder! 20 Do you want to be shown, you foolish person, that faith apart from works is useless? 21 (AA)Was not Abraham our father justified by works when he offered up his son Isaac on the altar? 22 You see that (AB)faith was active along with his works, and faith was completed (AC)by his works; 23 and the Scripture was fulfilled that says, (AD)“Abraham believed God, and it was counted to him as righteousness”—and he was called a (AE)friend of God. 24 You see that a person is justified by works and not by faith alone. 25 And in the same way was not also (AF)Rahab the prostitute justified by works (AG)when she received the messengers and sent them out by another way? 26 For as the body apart from the spirit is dead, so also faith apart from works is dead.

Footnotes

  1. James 2:1 Or brothers and sisters; also verses 5, 14
  2. James 2:16 Or benefit