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The vision of Isaiah son of Amoz, which he saw concerning Judah and Jerusalem in the days of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah.

Rebellious Judah

Hear, heavens,
    and listen, earth,
        for Yahweh has spoken:
“I reared children
    and I brought them up,
        but they rebelled against me.
An ox knows its owner
    and a donkey the manger of its master.
Israel does not know;
    my people do not understand.
Ah, sinful nation,
    a people heavy with iniquity,
offspring of evildoers,
    children who deal corruptly.
They have forsaken Yahweh;
    they have despised the holy one of Israel.
        They are estranged and gone backward.
Why do you want to be beaten again?
    You continue in rebellion.
The whole of the head is sick,
    and the whole of the heart is faint.
From the sole of the foot and up to the head
    there is no health in it;
bruise and sore and bleeding wound have not been cleansed,
    and they have not been bound up
    and not softened with the oil.
Your country is desolate,
    your cities are burned with fire;
As for your land, aliens are devouring it in your presence,
    and it is desolate, like devastation by foreigners.
And the daughter of Zion is left like a booth in a vineyard,
    like a shelter in a cucumber field,
    like a city that is besieged.[a]
If Yahweh of hosts had not left us survivors,[b]
    we would have been as few as Sodom,
    we would have become like Gomorrah.
10 Hear the word of Yahweh, rulers of Sodom!
    Listen to the teaching of our God, people of Gomorrah!
11 What is the abundance of your sacrifices to me? says Yahweh.
    I have had enough of burnt offerings of rams
        and the fat of fattened animals
    and I do not delight in the blood of bulls
        and ram-lambs and goats.
12 When you come to appear before me,
    who asked for this from your hand:
    you trampling my courts?
13 You must not continue[c] to bring offerings[d] of futility,
    incense—it is an abomination to me;
new moon and Sabbath, the calling of a convocation—
    I cannot endure iniquity with solemn assembly.
14 Your new moons and your appointed festivals my soul hates;
    they have become to me like a burden,
    I am not able to bear them.
15 And when you stretch out your hands,
    I will hide my eyes from you;
even though you make many prayers,[e]
    I will not be listening.
Your hands are full of blood. 16 Wash! Make yourselves clean!
    Remove the evil of your doings from before my eyes!
Cease to do evil! 17 Learn to do good!
    Seek justice! Rescue the oppressed!
    Defend the orphan! Plead for the widow!
18 “Come now, and let us argue,” says Yahweh.
    “Even though your sins are like scarlet, they will be white like snow;
    even though they are red like crimson, they shall become like wool.
19 If you are willing and you are obedient,
    you shall eat the good of the land.
20 But if you refuse and you rebel, you shall be devoured by the sword.

For the mouth of Yahweh has spoken.”

Purifying Jerusalem

21 How has a faithful city become like a whore?
    Full of justice, righteousness lodged in her, but now murderers.
22 Your silver has become as dross;
    Your wine is diluted with waters.
23 Your princes are rebels
    and companions of thieves.
Every one loves a bribe
    and runs after gifts.
They do not defend the orphan
    and the legal dispute of the widow does not come before them.
24 Therefore, the declaration of the Lord Yahweh of hosts, the Mighty One of Israel:
“Ah, I will be relieved of my enemies,
    and I will avenge myself on my foes.
25 And I will turn my hand against you;
I will purify your dross like lye,
    and I will remove all of your tin.
26 And I will restore your judges, as at the first,
    and your counselors, as at the beginning.
After this you will be called[f] the city of righteousness,
    faithful city.
27 Zion will be redeemed by justice,
    and those of her who repent, by righteousness.
28 But the destruction of rebels and sinners shall be together,
    and those who forsake Yahweh will perish.
29 For you[g] will be ashamed of the oaks in which you delighted,
    and you will be disgraced because of the gardens that you have chosen.
30 For you shall be like an oak withering its leaves,
    and like a garden where there is no water for her.
31 And the strong man shall become like tinder,
    and his work like a spark.
And both of them shall burn together,
    and there is not one to quench them.”

Footnotes

  1. Isaiah 1:8 Or “preserved”
  2. Isaiah 1:9 Hebrew “survivor”
  3. Isaiah 1:13 Literally “increase” or “add to”
  4. Isaiah 1:13 Hebrew “offering”
  5. Isaiah 1:15 Hebrew “prayer”
  6. Isaiah 1:26 Literally “it will be called for you”
  7. Isaiah 1:29 Literally “they,” but a few manuscripts read “you,” which fits the context better

Judah Called to Repentance

The (A)vision of Isaiah the son of Amoz, which he saw concerning Judah and Jerusalem in the (B)days of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah.

The Wickedness of Judah

(C)Hear, O heavens, and give ear, O earth!
For the Lord has spoken:
“I have nourished and brought up children,
And they have rebelled against Me;
(D)The ox knows its owner
And the donkey its master’s [a]crib;
But Israel (E)does not know,
My people do not [b]consider.”

Alas, sinful nation,
A people [c]laden with iniquity,
(F)A [d]brood of evildoers,
Children who are corrupters!
They have forsaken the Lord,
They have provoked to anger
The Holy One of Israel,
They have turned away backward.

(G)Why should you be stricken again?
You will revolt more and more.
The whole head is sick,
And the whole heart faints.
From the sole of the foot even to the head,
There is no soundness in it,
But wounds and bruises and putrefying sores;
They have not been closed or bound up,
Or soothed with ointment.

(H)Your country is desolate,
Your cities are burned with fire;
Strangers devour your land in your presence;
And it is desolate, as overthrown by strangers.
So the daughter of Zion is left (I)as a [e]booth in a vineyard,
As a hut in a garden of cucumbers,
(J)As a besieged city.
(K)Unless the Lord of hosts
Had left to us a very small remnant,
We would have become like (L)Sodom,
We would have been made like Gomorrah.

10 Hear the word of the Lord,
You rulers (M)of Sodom;
Give ear to the law of our God,
You people of Gomorrah:
11 “To what purpose is the multitude of your (N)sacrifices to Me?”
Says the Lord.
“I have had enough of burnt offerings of rams
And the fat of fed cattle.
I do not delight in the blood of bulls,
Or of lambs or goats.

12 “When you come (O)to appear before Me,
Who has required this from your hand,
To trample My courts?
13 Bring no more (P)futile[f] sacrifices;
Incense is an abomination to Me.
The New Moons, the Sabbaths, and (Q)the calling of assemblies—
I cannot endure iniquity and the sacred meeting.
14 Your (R)New Moons and your (S)appointed feasts
My soul hates;
They are a trouble to Me,
I am weary of bearing them.
15 (T)When you [g]spread out your hands,
I will hide My eyes from you;
(U)Even though you make many prayers,
I will not hear.
Your hands are full of [h]blood.

16 “Wash(V) yourselves, make yourselves clean;
Put away the evil of your doings from before My eyes.
(W)Cease to do evil,
17 Learn to do good;
Seek justice,
Rebuke [i]the oppressor;
[j]Defend the fatherless,
Plead for the widow.

18 “Come now, and let us (X)reason together,”
Says the Lord,
“Though your sins are like scarlet,
(Y)They shall be as white as snow;
Though they are red like crimson,
They shall be as wool.
19 If you are willing and obedient,
You shall eat the good of the land;
20 But if you refuse and rebel,
You shall be devoured by the sword”;
(Z)For the mouth of the Lord has spoken.

The Degenerate City

21 (AA)How the faithful city has become a [k]harlot!
It was full of justice;
Righteousness lodged in it,
But now (AB)murderers.
22 (AC)Your silver has become dross,
Your wine mixed with water.
23 (AD)Your princes are rebellious,
And (AE)companions of thieves;
(AF)Everyone loves bribes,
And follows after rewards.
They (AG)do not defend the fatherless,
Nor does the cause of the widow come before them.

24 Therefore the Lord says,
The Lord of hosts, the Mighty One of Israel,
“Ah, (AH)I will [l]rid Myself of My adversaries,
And [m]take vengeance on My enemies.
25 I will turn My hand against you,
And (AI)thoroughly[n] purge away your dross,
And take away all your alloy.
26 I will restore your judges (AJ)as at the first,
And your counselors as at the beginning.
Afterward (AK)you shall be called the city of righteousness, the faithful city.”

27 Zion shall be redeemed with justice,
And her [o]penitents with righteousness.
28 The (AL)destruction of transgressors and of sinners shall be together,
And those who forsake the Lord shall be consumed.
29 For [p]they shall be ashamed of the [q]terebinth trees
Which you have desired;
And you shall be embarrassed because of the gardens
Which you have chosen.
30 For you shall be as a terebinth whose leaf fades,
And as a garden that has no water.
31 (AM)The strong shall be as tinder,
And the work of it as a spark;
Both will burn together,
And no one shall (AN)quench them.

Footnotes

  1. Isaiah 1:3 manger or feed trough
  2. Isaiah 1:3 understand
  3. Isaiah 1:4 Lit. heavy, weighed down
  4. Isaiah 1:4 offspring, seed
  5. Isaiah 1:8 shelter
  6. Isaiah 1:13 worthless
  7. Isaiah 1:15 Pray
  8. Isaiah 1:15 bloodshed
  9. Isaiah 1:17 Some ancient vss. the oppressed
  10. Isaiah 1:17 Vindicate
  11. Isaiah 1:21 Unfaithful
  12. Isaiah 1:24 be relieved of
  13. Isaiah 1:24 avenge Myself
  14. Isaiah 1:25 refine with lye
  15. Isaiah 1:27 Lit. returners
  16. Isaiah 1:29 So with MT, LXX, Vg.; some Heb. mss., Tg. you
  17. Isaiah 1:29 Sites of pagan worship

The vision of Isaiah the son of Amoz, which he saw concerning Judah and Jerusalem in the days of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah.

Hear, O heavens, and give ear, O earth: for the Lord hath spoken, I have nourished and brought up children, and they have rebelled against me.

The ox knoweth his owner, and the ass his master's crib: but Israel doth not know, my people doth not consider.

Ah sinful nation, a people laden with iniquity, a seed of evildoers, children that are corrupters: they have forsaken the Lord, they have provoked the Holy One of Israel unto anger, they are gone away backward.

Why should ye be stricken any more? ye will revolt more and more: the whole head is sick, and the whole heart faint.

From the sole of the foot even unto the head there is no soundness in it; but wounds, and bruises, and putrifying sores: they have not been closed, neither bound up, neither mollified with ointment.

Your country is desolate, your cities are burned with fire: your land, strangers devour it in your presence, and it is desolate, as overthrown by strangers.

And the daughter of Zion is left as a cottage in a vineyard, as a lodge in a garden of cucumbers, as a besieged city.

Except the Lord of hosts had left unto us a very small remnant, we should have been as Sodom, and we should have been like unto Gomorrah.

10 Hear the word of the Lord, ye rulers of Sodom; give ear unto the law of our God, ye people of Gomorrah.

11 To what purpose is the multitude of your sacrifices unto me? saith the Lord: I am full of the burnt offerings of rams, and the fat of fed beasts; and I delight not in the blood of bullocks, or of lambs, or of he goats.

12 When ye come to appear before me, who hath required this at your hand, to tread my courts?

13 Bring no more vain oblations; incense is an abomination unto me; the new moons and sabbaths, the calling of assemblies, I cannot away with; it is iniquity, even the solemn meeting.

14 Your new moons and your appointed feasts my soul hateth: they are a trouble unto me; I am weary to bear them.

15 And when ye spread forth your hands, I will hide mine eyes from you: yea, when ye make many prayers, I will not hear: your hands are full of blood.

16 Wash you, make you clean; put away the evil of your doings from before mine eyes; cease to do evil;

17 Learn to do well; seek judgment, relieve the oppressed, judge the fatherless, plead for the widow.

18 Come now, and let us reason together, saith the Lord: though your sins be as scarlet, they shall be as white as snow; though they be red like crimson, they shall be as wool.

19 If ye be willing and obedient, ye shall eat the good of the land:

20 But if ye refuse and rebel, ye shall be devoured with the sword: for the mouth of the Lord hath spoken it.

21 How is the faithful city become an harlot! it was full of judgment; righteousness lodged in it; but now murderers.

22 Thy silver is become dross, thy wine mixed with water:

23 Thy princes are rebellious, and companions of thieves: every one loveth gifts, and followeth after rewards: they judge not the fatherless, neither doth the cause of the widow come unto them.

24 Therefore saith the Lord, the Lord of hosts, the mighty One of Israel, Ah, I will ease me of mine adversaries, and avenge me of mine enemies:

25 And I will turn my hand upon thee, and purely purge away thy dross, and take away all thy tin:

26 And I will restore thy judges as at the first, and thy counsellors as at the beginning: afterward thou shalt be called, The city of righteousness, the faithful city.

27 Zion shall be redeemed with judgment, and her converts with righteousness.

28 And the destruction of the transgressors and of the sinners shall be together, and they that forsake the Lord shall be consumed.

29 For they shall be ashamed of the oaks which ye have desired, and ye shall be confounded for the gardens that ye have chosen.

30 For ye shall be as an oak whose leaf fadeth, and as a garden that hath no water.

31 And the strong shall be as tow, and the maker of it as a spark, and they shall both burn together, and none shall quench them.

The (A)vision of Isaiah the son of Amoz, which he saw concerning Judah and Jerusalem (B)in the days of (C)Uzziah, (D)Jotham, (E)Ahaz, and (F)Hezekiah, kings of Judah.

The Wickedness of Judah

(G)Hear, O heavens, and give ear, O (H)earth;
    for the Lord has spoken:
“Children[a] (I)have I reared and brought up,
    but they have rebelled against me.
The ox (J)knows its owner,
    and the donkey its master's crib,
but Israel does (K)not know,
    my people do not understand.”

Ah, sinful nation,
    a people laden with iniquity,
(L)offspring of evildoers,
    children who deal corruptly!
They have forsaken the Lord,
    they have (M)despised (N)the Holy One of Israel,
    they are utterly (O)estranged.

Why will you still be (P)struck down?
    Why will you (Q)continue to rebel?
The whole head is sick,
    and the whole heart faint.
(R)From the sole of the foot even to the head,
    there is no soundness in it,
but bruises and sores
    and raw wounds;
they are (S)not pressed out or bound up
    or softened with oil.

(T)Your country lies desolate;
    your cities are burned with fire;
in your very presence
    foreigners devour your land;
    it is desolate, as overthrown by foreigners.
And (U)the daughter of Zion is left
    like a (V)booth in a vineyard,
like a lodge in a cucumber field,
    like a besieged city.

(W)If the Lord of hosts
    had not left us (X)a few survivors,
we should have been like (Y)Sodom,
    and become like (Z)Gomorrah.

10 Hear the word of the Lord,
    you rulers of (AA)(AB)Sodom!
Give ear to the teaching[b] of our God,
    you people of (AC)Gomorrah!
11 (AD)“What to me is the multitude of your sacrifices?
    says the Lord;
I have had enough of burnt offerings of rams
    and the fat of well-fed beasts;
I do not delight in the blood of bulls,
    or of lambs, or of goats.

12 “When you come to (AE)appear before me,
    who has required of you
    this trampling of my courts?
13 Bring no more vain offerings;
    incense is an abomination to me.
(AF)New moon and Sabbath and the (AG)calling of convocations—
    I cannot endure (AH)iniquity and (AI)solemn assembly.
14 Your (AJ)new moons and your appointed feasts
    my soul hates;
they have become a burden to me;
    I am weary of bearing them.
15 When you (AK)spread out your hands,
    I will hide my eyes from you;
(AL)even though you make many prayers,
    I will not listen;
    (AM)your hands are full of blood.
16 (AN)Wash yourselves; make yourselves clean;
    remove the evil of your deeds from before my eyes;
(AO)cease to do evil,
17     learn to do good;
(AP)seek justice,
    correct oppression;
(AQ)bring justice to the fatherless,
    plead the widow's cause.

18 “Come now, (AR)let us reason[c] together, says the Lord:
though your sins are like scarlet,
    they shall be as (AS)white as snow;
though they are red like crimson,
    they shall become like wool.
19 (AT)If you are willing and obedient,
    you shall eat the good of the land;
20 but if you refuse and rebel,
    you shall be eaten by the sword;
    (AU)for the mouth of the Lord has spoken.”

The Unfaithful City

21 How the faithful city
    (AV)has become a whore,[d]
    (AW)she who was full of justice!
Righteousness lodged in her,
    but now murderers.
22 (AX)Your silver has become dross,
    your best wine mixed with water.
23 Your princes are rebels
    and companions of thieves.
Everyone (AY)loves a bribe
    and runs after gifts.
(AZ)They do not bring justice to the fatherless,
    and the widow's cause does not come to them.

24 Therefore the (BA)Lord declares,
    the Lord of hosts,
    the (BB)Mighty One of Israel:
“Ah, I will get relief from my enemies
    (BC)and avenge myself on my foes.
25 (BD)I will turn my hand against you
    and will smelt away your (BE)dross as with lye
    and remove all your alloy.
26 And I will restore your judges (BF)as at the first,
    and your counselors as at the beginning.
Afterward (BG)you shall be called the city of righteousness,
    the faithful city.”

27 (BH)Zion shall be redeemed by justice,
    and those in her who repent, by righteousness.
28 (BI)But rebels and sinners shall be broken together,
    and those who forsake the Lord shall be consumed.
29 (BJ)For they[e] shall be ashamed of (BK)the oaks
    that you desired;
and you shall blush for (BL)the gardens
    that you have chosen.
30 For you shall be (BM)like an oak
    whose leaf withers,
    and like a garden without water.
31 And the strong shall become (BN)tinder,
    and his work a spark,
and both of them shall burn together,
    with (BO)none to quench them.

Footnotes

  1. Isaiah 1:2 Or Sons; also verse 4
  2. Isaiah 1:10 Or law
  3. Isaiah 1:18 Or dispute
  4. Isaiah 1:21 Or become unchaste
  5. Isaiah 1:29 Some Hebrew manuscripts you

Detta är de syner om Juda och Jerusalem som Jesaja, Amos son[a], såg när Ussia[b], Jotam[c], Ahas[d] och Hiskia[e] var kungar i Juda.

Herrens klagan över trolösa Juda

(A) Hör, ni himlar!
    Lyssna, du jord,
        för Herren talar!
    Barn har jag fött upp och fostrat,
        men de har gjort uppror mot mig.
En oxe känner sin ägare,
        en åsna sin herres krubba,
    men Israel känner inget,
        mitt folk förstår ingenting.

Ve dig, du syndiga släkte,
        du skuldtyngda folk,
    ni förbrytares avkomma,
        ni fördärvade barn!
    Ni har övergett Herren,
        föraktat Israels Helige
            och vänt honom ryggen.
Var mer ska man slå er,
        eftersom ni fortsätter i trolöshet?
    Hela huvudet är sjukt
        och hela hjärtat svagt.
Från fotsulan upp till huvudet
        finns inget helt,
    bara blåmärken, skråmor
        och öppna sår
    som inte blivit urkramade,
        förbundna eller lindrade
            med olja.

(B) Ert land är ödelagt,
        era städer nerbrända i eld.
    Era åkrar förtärs i er åsyn
            av främlingar,
    ödelagda som efter
        främlingars framfart.
Dottern Sion står kvar[f]
    som en hydda i en vingård,
        som ett vaktskjul[g] på ett gurkfält,
    som en belägrad[h] stad.
(C) Hade inte Herren Sebaot lämnat kvar
        en liten rest åt oss,
    då hade vi blivit som Sodom,
        vi hade liknat Gomorra[i].[j]

10 (D) Hör Herrens ord,
        ni Sodomsfurstar,
    lyssna till vår Guds undervisning,
        du Gomorrafolk!
11 (E) Vad ska jag med
    era många slaktoffer till?
        säger Herren.
    Jag är mätt på brännofferbaggar
        och gödkalvars fett,
    jag har ingen glädje i blod
        av tjurar, lamm och bockar.
12 När ni kommer för att träda fram
        inför mitt ansikte,
    vem har då bett er
        trampa ner mina förgårdar?
13 (F) Bär inte fram fler
        meningslösa matoffer!
    Röken av dem
        är avskyvärd för mig.
    Nymånad, sabbat
        och utlysta fester –
    jag tål inte ondska
        och högtid tillsammans.
14 Min själ hatar era nymånader[k]
        och högtider.
    De har blivit en börda för mig,
        jag är trött på att bära den.
15 (G) När ni räcker ut era händer
        döljer jag mina ögon för er.
    Även om ni ber mycket
        kommer jag inte att lyssna.
    Era händer är fulla av blod.
16 (H) Tvätta er, gör er rena!
    Ta bort era onda gärningar
        ur min åsyn.
    Sluta att göra det som är ont,
17 (I) lär er att göra det som är gott!
    Sök det rätta,
        tillrättavisa förtryckaren[l],
    försvara den faderlöses rätt,
        stöd änkan i hennes sak.

18 (J) Kom, låt oss gå till rätta
        med varandra, säger Herren.
    Om än era synder är blodröda
        ska de bli snövita,
    om än de är röda som scharlakan
        ska de bli vita som ull.
19 (K) Om ni är villiga och lyssnar
        ska ni få äta landets goda.
20 (L) Men om ni vägrar och trotsar
        ska ni förtäras av svärd,
    för Herrens mun har talat.

21 (M) Vilken prostituerad hon har blivit,
        den trogna staden!
    Den var full av rättvisa,
        rättfärdighet bodde därinne –
            men nu mördare.
22 (N) Ditt silver har blivit slagg,
    ditt ädla vin är utspätt
        med vatten.
23 (O) Dina ledare är upprorsmän
        och tjuvars kumpaner.
    Alla älskar de mutor
        och jagar oärlig vinst.
    Den faderlöses rätt försvarar de inte,
        och änkans sak
            kommer inte inför dem.
24 (P) Därför säger Herren Gud[m] Sebaot,
        Israels Mäktige:
    Ve! Jag ska släppa lös
        min vrede över mina motståndare
    och hämnas på mina fiender.
25 Jag ska vända min hand mot dig
    och bränna bort ditt slagg
        som med lut
    och rensa bort alla dina orenheter.
26 (Q) Jag ska åter ge dig sådana domare
        som du hade först
    och sådana rådgivare
        som du hade i början.
    Sedan ska du kallas
        "rättfärdighetens stad",
            "den trogna staden".

27 (R) Genom rätt ska Sion bli friköpt,
    genom rättfärdighet
        de som vänder om.
28 (S) Men brottslingar och syndare
        ska krossas tillsammans,
    de som överger Herren
        ska gå under.
29 (T) Ja, ni ska få skämmas
        över terebinterna som var er lust,
    blygas över trädgårdarna[n]
        som ni har utvalt,
30 för ni ska bli som en terebint
        med vissnade löv,
    som en lustgård utan vatten.
31 (U) Och den starke ska bli som fnöske,
        hans verk som en gnista.
    Båda ska brinna tillsammans
        utan att någon kan släcka.

Footnotes

  1. 1:1 Amos son   Inte profeten Amos från Tekoa, vars namn på hebreiska stavas annorlunda.
  2. 1:1 Ussia   Regerade ca 792-740 f Kr, utvecklade Juda rike men dog som spetälsk (se 2 Krön 26).
  3. 1:1 Jotam   Rättfärdig kung som regerade ca 750-732 f Kr (se 2 Krön 27).
  4. 1:1 Ahas   Ung kung (ca 735-715 f Kr) som underordnade sig Assyrien (kap 7-8, 2 Kung 16, 2 Krön 28).
  5. 1:1 Hiskia   Kung och reformator som rensade ut avgudadyrkan och återupprättade tron på Israels Gud (kap 36-39, 2 Kung 18-20, 2 Krön 29-32). Regerade ca 715-686 f Kr.
  6. 1:8 Sion står kvar   År 701 f Kr härjade Sanherib hela Juda, men Jerusalem räddades (se kap 36-37).
  7. 1:8 hydda … vaktskjul   Här kunde skördemännen rasta, sova och vakta sin skörd (jfr Rut 2-3).
  8. 1:8 belägrad   Annan översättning: "beskyddad".
  9. 1:9 Sodom … Gomorra   Städer vid Döda havet som utplånades för sin ondska (1 Mos 14, 19, Hes 16:49f).
  10. 1:9 Citeras av Paulus i Rom 9:29.
  11. 1:14 nymånader   Varje ny månad inleddes med en dag för fest, vila och gudstjänst (1 Sam 20:5, Jes 66:23, Hos 2:11, Amos 8:5).
  12. 1:17 tillrättavisa förtryckaren   Annan översättning: "hjälp den förtryckte till rätta".
  13. 1:24 Herren Gud   Hebr. Adonaí Jhvh (Herren Herren). När Gudsnamnet Jhvh är sammansatt med ordet "Adonaí" (Herre) anger grundtextens vokaler att det istället ska uttalas "Elohím" (Gud).
  14. 1:29 terebinterna … trädgårdarna   Träd vördades t ex i fruktbarhetskulten kring Ashera (Dom 6:25f, Jer 17:2, Hes 6:13), som bekämpades av kung Hiskia (1 Kung 18:4).