Opposition to Rebuilding the City

⁶ At the beginning of the reign of Ahasuerus,^(A) the people who were already in the land^(B) wrote an accusation against the residents of Judah and Jerusalem. ⁷ During the time of King Artaxerxes of Persia,^(C) Bishlam, Mithredath, Tabeel and the rest of his colleagues wrote to King Artaxerxes. The letter was written in Aramaic^(D) and translated.^[a]

⁸ Rehum the chief deputy and Shimshai the scribe^(E) wrote a letter to King Artaxerxes concerning Jerusalem as follows:

⁹ From Rehum^[b] the chief deputy, Shimshai the scribe, and the rest of their colleagues—the judges and magistrates^[c] from Tripolis, Persia, Erech, Babylon, Susa^(F) (that is, the people of Elam),^{[d] 10} and the rest of the peoples whom the great and illustrious Ashurbanipal^[e] deported and settled in the cities of Samaria^(G) and the region west of the Euphrates River.^(H)

¹¹ This is the text of the letter they sent to him:

To King Artaxerxes from your servants, the men from the region west of the Euphrates River:

¹² Let it be known to the king that the Jews who came from you have returned to us at Jerusalem. They are rebuilding that rebellious and evil city, finishing its walls, and repairing its foundations. ¹³ Let it now be known to the king that if that city is rebuilt and its walls are finished,^(I) they will not pay tribute, duty, or land tax,^(J) and the royal revenue^[f] will suffer. ¹⁴ Since we have taken an oath of loyalty to the king,^[g] and it is not right for us to witness his dishonor, we have sent to inform the king ¹⁵ that a search should be made in your predecessors’ record books.^(K) In these record books you will discover and verify that the city is a rebellious city, harmful to kings and provinces. There have been revolts in it since ancient times. That is why this city was destroyed. ¹⁶ We advise the king that if this city is rebuilt and its walls are finished, you will not have any possession west of the Euphrates.

Artaxerxes’s Reply

¹⁷ The king sent a reply to his chief deputy Rehum, Shimshai the scribe, and the rest of their colleagues living in Samaria and elsewhere in the region west of the Euphrates River:

Greetings.

¹⁸ The letter you sent us has been translated and read^[h](L) in my presence. ¹⁹ I issued a decree and a search was conducted. It was discovered that this city has had uprisings against kings since ancient times, and there have been rebellions and revolts in it. ²⁰ Powerful kings have also ruled over Jerusalem and exercised authority over the whole region west of the Euphrates River, and tribute, duty, and land tax were paid to them. ²¹ Therefore, issue an order for these men to stop, so that this city will not be rebuilt until a further decree has been pronounced by me.^{(M) 22} See that you not neglect this matter. Otherwise, the damage will increase and the royal interests^[i] will suffer.

²³ As soon as the text of King Artaxerxes’s letter was read to Rehum, Shimshai the scribe, and their colleagues,^(N) they immediately went to the Jews in Jerusalem and forcibly stopped them.

Rebuilding of the Temple Resumed

²⁴ Now the construction of God’s house in Jerusalem had stopped and remained at a standstill until the second year of the reign of King Darius of Persia.^(O)

5 But when the prophets Haggai and Zechariah son of Iddo^(A) prophesied to the Jews who were in Judah and Jerusalem, in the name of the God of Israel who was over them, ² Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel and Jeshua son of Jozadak^(B) began to rebuild God’s house in Jerusalem. The prophets of God^(C) were with them, helping them.

³ At that time Tattenai the governor of the region west of the Euphrates River, Shethar-bozenai, and their colleagues^(D) came to the Jews and asked, “Who gave you the order to rebuild this temple and finish this structure?” ^{[a](E) 4} They also asked them, “What are the names of the workers^[b] who are constructing this building?” ⁵ But God was watching^[c] over^(F) the Jewish elders. These men wouldn’t stop them until a report was sent to Darius, so that they could receive written instructions about this matter.

The Letter to Darius

⁶ This is the text of the letter that Tattenai the governor of the region west of the Euphrates River, Shethar-bozenai, and their colleagues, the officials in the region, sent to King Darius. ⁷ They sent him a report, written as follows:

To King Darius:

All greetings.

⁸ Let it be known to the king that we went to the house of the great God in the province of Judah. It is being built with cut^[d] stones, and its beams are being set in the walls. This work is being done diligently and succeeding through the people’s efforts.^{(G) 9} So we questioned the elders and asked, “Who gave you the order to rebuild this temple and finish this structure?” ¹⁰ We also asked them for their names, so that we could write down the names of their leaders for your information.

¹¹ This is the reply they gave us:

We are the servants of the God of the heavens and earth, and we are rebuilding the temple that was built many years ago, which a great king of Israel built and finished.^{(H) 12} But since our ancestors angered the God of the heavens, he handed them over to King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon, the Chaldean, who destroyed this temple and deported the people to Babylon.^{(I) 13} However, in the first year of King Cyrus of Babylon, he issued a decree to rebuild the house of God.^{(J) 14} He also took from the temple in Babylon the gold and silver articles of God’s house that Nebuchadnezzar had taken from the temple in Jerusalem and carried them to the temple in Babylon.^(K) He released them from the temple in Babylon to a man named Sheshbazzar, the governor by the appointment of King Cyrus.^{(L) 15} Cyrus told him, “Take these articles, put them in the temple in Jerusalem, and let the house of God be rebuilt on its original site.”^{(M) 16} Then this same Sheshbazzar came and laid the foundation of God’s house in Jerusalem.^(N) It has been under construction from that time until now,^(O) but it has not been completed.

¹⁷ So if it pleases the king, let a search of the royal archives^[e] in Babylon be conducted to see if it is true that a decree was issued by King Cyrus to rebuild the house of God in Jerusalem.^(P) Let the king’s decision regarding this matter be sent to us.^(Q)