Haman’s Plot to Destroy the Jews

After these events, King Xerxes honored Haman son of Hammedatha, the Agagite,(A) elevating him and giving him a seat of honor higher than that of all the other nobles. All the royal officials at the king’s gate knelt down and paid honor to Haman, for the king had commanded this concerning him. But Mordecai would not kneel down or pay him honor.

Then the royal officials at the king’s gate asked Mordecai, “Why do you disobey the king’s command?”(B) Day after day they spoke to him but he refused to comply.(C) Therefore they told Haman about it to see whether Mordecai’s behavior would be tolerated, for he had told them he was a Jew.

When Haman saw that Mordecai would not kneel down or pay him honor, he was enraged.(D) Yet having learned who Mordecai’s people were, he scorned the idea of killing only Mordecai. Instead Haman looked for a way(E) to destroy(F) all Mordecai’s people, the Jews,(G) throughout the whole kingdom of Xerxes.

In the twelfth year of King Xerxes, in the first month, the month of Nisan, the pur(H) (that is, the lot(I)) was cast in the presence of Haman to select a day and month. And the lot fell on[a] the twelfth month, the month of Adar.(J)

Then Haman said to King Xerxes, “There is a certain people dispersed among the peoples in all the provinces of your kingdom who keep themselves separate. Their customs(K) are different from those of all other people, and they do not obey(L) the king’s laws; it is not in the king’s best interest to tolerate them.(M) If it pleases the king, let a decree be issued to destroy them, and I will give ten thousand talents[b] of silver to the king’s administrators for the royal treasury.”(N)

10 So the king took his signet ring(O) from his finger and gave it to Haman son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, the enemy of the Jews. 11 “Keep the money,” the king said to Haman, “and do with the people as you please.”

12 Then on the thirteenth day of the first month the royal secretaries were summoned. They wrote out in the script of each province and in the language(P) of each people all Haman’s orders to the king’s satraps, the governors of the various provinces and the nobles of the various peoples. These were written in the name of King Xerxes himself and sealed(Q) with his own ring. 13 Dispatches were sent by couriers to all the king’s provinces with the order to destroy, kill and annihilate all the Jews(R)—young and old, women and children—on a single day, the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, the month of Adar,(S) and to plunder(T) their goods. 14 A copy of the text of the edict was to be issued as law in every province and made known to the people of every nationality so they would be ready for that day.(U)

15 The couriers went out, spurred on by the king’s command, and the edict was issued in the citadel of Susa.(V) The king and Haman sat down to drink,(W) but the city of Susa was bewildered.(X)

Footnotes

  1. Esther 3:7 Septuagint; Hebrew does not have And the lot fell on.
  2. Esther 3:9 That is, about 375 tons or about 340 metric tons

After these things did king Ahasuerus promote Haman the son of Hammedatha the Agagite, and advanced him, and set his seat above all the princes that were with him.

And all the king's servants, that were in the king's gate, bowed, and reverenced Haman: for the king had so commanded concerning him. But Mordecai bowed not, nor did him reverence.

Then the king's servants, which were in the king's gate, said unto Mordecai, Why transgressest thou the king's commandment?

Now it came to pass, when they spake daily unto him, and he hearkened not unto them, that they told Haman, to see whether Mordecai's matters would stand: for he had told them that he was a Jew.

And when Haman saw that Mordecai bowed not, nor did him reverence, then was Haman full of wrath.

And he thought scorn to lay hands on Mordecai alone; for they had shewed him the people of Mordecai: wherefore Haman sought to destroy all the Jews that were throughout the whole kingdom of Ahasuerus, even the people of Mordecai.

In the first month, that is, the month Nisan, in the twelfth year of king Ahasuerus, they cast Pur, that is, the lot, before Haman from day to day, and from month to month, to the twelfth month, that is, the month Adar.

And Haman said unto king Ahasuerus, There is a certain people scattered abroad and dispersed among the people in all the provinces of thy kingdom; and their laws are diverse from all people; neither keep they the king's laws: therefore it is not for the king's profit to suffer them.

If it please the king, let it be written that they may be destroyed: and I will pay ten thousand talents of silver to the hands of those that have the charge of the business, to bring it into the king's treasuries.

10 And the king took his ring from his hand, and gave it unto Haman the son of Hammedatha the Agagite, the Jews' enemy.

11 And the king said unto Haman, The silver is given to thee, the people also, to do with them as it seemeth good to thee.

12 Then were the king's scribes called on the thirteenth day of the first month, and there was written according to all that Haman had commanded unto the king's lieutenants, and to the governors that were over every province, and to the rulers of every people of every province according to the writing thereof, and to every people after their language; in the name of king Ahasuerus was it written, and sealed with the king's ring.

13 And the letters were sent by posts into all the king's provinces, to destroy, to kill, and to cause to perish, all Jews, both young and old, little children and women, in one day, even upon the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, which is the month Adar, and to take the spoil of them for a prey.

14 The copy of the writing for a commandment to be given in every province was published unto all people, that they should be ready against that day.

15 The posts went out, being hastened by the king's commandment, and the decree was given in Shushan the palace. And the king and Haman sat down to drink; but the city Shushan was perplexed.

Plan de Amán para destruir a los judíos

Pasado algún tiempo, el rey Jerjes le concedió un ascenso a Amán hijo de Hamedata, el descendiente de Agag. El rey dio a Amán un cargo mucho más alto que el de cualquiera de los otros funcionarios. El rey había dado la orden de que todos los servidores que trabajaran en la puerta del palacio, debían arrodillarse y rendirle honores a Amán. Pero Mardoqueo no se arrodillaba ante él ni le rendía honores. Los servidores que trabajaban en la puerta del palacio le preguntaban a Mardoqueo por qué no obedecía la orden del rey.

Todos los días ellos le recordaban a Mardoqueo que debía obedecer la orden del rey pero Mardoqueo les decía que él era judío. Entonces esos servidores le contaron a Amán lo que sucedía para ver qué hacía él con Mardoqueo. Amán se enojó mucho cuando vio que Mardoqueo se negaba a arrodillarse ante él para honrarlo. Amán se había enterado de que Mardoqueo era judío, pero no se sentía satisfecho con destruirlo sólo a él. Amán quería encontrar una manera de perseguir al pueblo de Mardoqueo, es decir a todos los judíos que se encontraban en el reino de Jerjes.

En el mes de nisán[a], es decir el primer mes del año doce del gobierno del rey Jerjes, se echó el pur[b] en presencia de Amán para decidir el día y mes indicados para acabar con los judíos. La fecha elegida fue el día trece del mes doce, el mes de adar[c]. Amán fue ante el rey Jerjes y le dijo:

—Hay un pueblo esparcido por todas las provincias del reino. Ese pueblo no se junta con la otra gente y tiene costumbres diferentes a las de los demás. Ellos no obedecen las leyes del rey y no es conveniente que el rey les permita seguir viviendo en su reino. Por eso me permito sugerirle que ordene destruir a esa gente y yo pondré en manos de los funcionarios 330 000 kilos[d] de plata en el tesoro del rey.

10 Entonces el rey se quitó del dedo el anillo oficial[e] y se lo dio a Amán hijo de Hamedata, descendiente de Agag, enemigo de los judíos. 11 El rey le dijo:

—A fin de cuentas es tu dinero, así que haz lo que quieras con esa gente.

12 El día 13 del primer mes se reunieron todos los secretarios del rey. Ellos escribieron en un decreto todas las órdenes de Amán y lo enviaron a cada pueblo en su propia escritura y en su propio idioma. El decreto se envió a todos los virreyes[f], a los gobernadores de las diferentes provincias y a los jefes de todos los pueblos. El decreto se escribió con la autorización del rey Jerjes y la orden se entregó firmada y sellada por el propio rey.

13 Los mensajeros llevaron las cartas a todas las provincias del rey con la orden de destruir, matar y aniquilar a todos los judíos. Eso incluía a jóvenes y viejos, mujeres y niños. La orden era matarlos a todos en un solo día: el día 13 del mes 12, el mes de adar. Sus posesiones se tomarían como botín de guerra. 14 Una copia de esta carta se debía presentar como decreto real en cada provincia y debía darse a conocer a la gente de todas las naciones del reino con el fin de prepararlos para ese día.

15 Los mensajeros salieron rápidamente a publicar la orden del rey en la ciudad capital de Susa. Mientras que el rey y Amán se sentaban a beber, en toda la ciudad reinaba una gran confusión.

Footnotes

  1. 3:7 nisán Es el nombre de un mes en el calendario de Babilonia.
  2. 3:7 pur Práctica de echar palitos, huesos o piedritas como se hace hoy en día con los dados. Lo hacían para dejar a la suerte la toma de decisiones. Ver Pr 16:33.
  3. 3:7 adar Es el nombre de un mes en el calendario de Babilonia.
  4. 3:9 330 000 kilos Textualmente 10 000 talentos.
  5. 3:10 anillo oficial El anillo se utilizaba a manera de sello para los documentos oficiales del rey.
  6. 3:12 virreyes Textualmente sátrapas.