Ecclesiastes 10:3-5

New English Translation

Footnotes

1. Ecclesiastes 10:3 tn Heb “he lacks his heart.”
2. Ecclesiastes 10:3 tn Heb “he tells everyone.”
3. Ecclesiastes 10:3 sn A fool’s lack of wisdom is obvious to everyone, even when he is engaged in the simple, ordinary actions of life.
4. Ecclesiastes 10:4 tn Heb “spirit.”
5. Ecclesiastes 10:4 tn Heb “rises up.”
6. Ecclesiastes 10:4 tn Heb “Do not leave.”
7. Ecclesiastes 10:4 tn Heb “your place.” The term מָקוֹם (maqom, “place”) denotes a position, post or office (1 Kgs 20:24; Eccl 8:3; 10:4; BDB 879 s.v. מָקוֹם 1.c).
8. Ecclesiastes 10:4 tn The noun II מַרְפֵּא (marpeʾ, “calmness”) is used in reference to keeping one’s composure with a peaceful heart (Prov 14:30) and responding to criticism with a gentle tongue (Prov 15:4); cf. HALOT 637 s.v. II מַרְפֵּא. It is used in reference to keeping one’s composure in an emotionally charged situation (BDB 951 s.v. מַרְפֵּא 2). The term “calmness” is used here as a metonymy of association, meaning “calm response.”
9. Ecclesiastes 10:4 tn The term “response” does not appear in the Hebrew text, but is supplied in the translation for clarification (see preceding note on the word “calm”).
10. Ecclesiastes 10:4 tn The verbal root נוח means “to leave behind; to leave untouched” (HALOT 680 s.v. I נוח 2) in general, and in this passage, “to undo” or “to allay” offenses (HALOT 680 s.v. I נוח 3; BDB 629 s.v. נוּחַ 5) or “to avoid” offenses (BDB 629 נוּחַ 5). The point is either that (1) a composed response can calm or appease the anger of the ruler, or (2) a calm heart will help one avoid great sins that would offend the king. The root נוח (“to rest”) is repeated, creating a wordplay: “Do not leave” (אַל־תַּנַּח, ʾal tannakh) and “to avoid; to allay” (יַנִּיחַ, yanniakh). Rather than resigning (i.e., leaving), composure can appease a king (i.e., cause the anger of the king to leave).
11. Ecclesiastes 10:5 tn The term “another” does not appear in the Hebrew text, but is supplied in the translation to indicate that this is not the first “misfortune” described by the Teacher. See 5:13, 16; 6:1-2.
12. Ecclesiastes 10:5 tn Heb “an evil.”
13. Ecclesiastes 10:5 tn Heb “under the sun.”
14. Ecclesiastes 10:5 tn Heb “like an error that comes forth from the presence of a ruler.”