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David soumet les peuples voisins(A)

Par la suite, David vainquit les Philistins et les humilia ; il leur arracha leur capitale. Il battit aussi les Moabites[a]. Il fit coucher les prisonniers par terre et les mesura au cordeau. Il fit mettre à mort deux longueurs de cordeau d’hommes sur trois et accorda la vie sauve aux autres. Ainsi, les Moabites furent assujettis à David et lui payèrent un tribut. Puis David battit Hadadézer, fils de Rehob et roi de Tsoba[b], pendant qu’il était en campagne pour rétablir sa domination sur le Haut-Euphrate. David lui captura un « millier »[c] de chars, sept « milliers »[d] de soldats sur char et vingt « milliers » de fantassins. Il conserva une centaine de chevaux d’attelage et fit couper les jarrets à tous les autres.

Les Syriens de Damas envoyèrent du secours à Hadadézer, roi de Tsoba, mais David battit également les Syriens au nombre de vingt-deux mille hommes. Puis il installa des garnisons[e] sur le territoire syrien de Damas, et les Syriens lui furent assujettis et durent lui payer un tribut. Ainsi l’Eternel accorda la victoire à David dans toutes ses campagnes militaires. David s’empara des boucliers d’or que portaient les soldats de Hadadézer et il les fit porter à Jérusalem. A Bétah[f] et à Bérotaï, villes du roi Hadadézer, il enleva une énorme quantité de bronze.

Lorsque Toï, le roi de Hamath[g], apprit que David avait défait toute l’armée de Hadadézer, 10 il lui envoya son fils Yoram pour lui transmettre ses salutations et ses félicitations d’avoir attaqué et vaincu Hadadézer avec lequel Toï avait été continuellement en guerre. Yoram apporta avec lui toutes sortes d’objets d’argent, d’or et de bronze. 11 Le roi David les consacra à l’Eternel, comme il avait consacré l’argent et l’or des peuples qu’il avait vaincus, 12 c’est-à-dire des Edomites[h], des Moabites, des Ammonites, des Philistins et des Amalécites, ainsi que tout le butin enlevé à Hadadézer, fils de Rehob et roi de Tsoba.

13 David devint encore plus célèbre après son retour d’une campagne où il avait battu dix-huit mille Edomites[i] dans la vallée du Sel[j]. 14 Après cela, il établit des garnisons[k] en Edom, dans tout le pays, et tous les Edomites lui furent assujettis. L’Eternel donnait la victoire à David dans toutes ses campagnes militaires.

Les hauts fonctionnaires de David(B)

15 David régna sur tout Israël ; il administrait le droit et rendait la justice pour tout son peuple. 16 Joab, fils de Tserouya[l], était à la tête de l’armée ; Josaphat, fils d’Ahiloud, était archiviste ; 17 Tsadoq, fils d’Ahitoub[m], et Abiatar, fils d’Ahimélek[n], étaient prêtres ; Seraya était secrétaire. 18 Benaya, fils de Yehoyada, commandait les Kérétiens et les Pélétiens[o], tandis que les fils de David étaient ses administrateurs[p].

Footnotes

  1. 8.2 Descendants de Loth (Gn 19.37) qui occupaient le territoire à l’est de la mer Morte. Saül les avait déjà combattus (1 S 14.47). David y avait placé ses parents (1 S 22.3-4) pendant son exil, étant lui-même descendant d’une Moabite (voir Rt 1.22 ; 4.22).
  2. 8.3 Royaume syrien situé au nord de Damas entre le Liban et l’Anti-Liban, sur la frontière nord d’Israël. Saül l’avait déjà combattu (1 S 14.47).
  3. 8.4 Voir note 2 S 6.1.
  4. 8.4 D’après le manuscrit hébreu de Qumrân et 1 Ch 18.4 ; le texte hébreu traditionnel a : mille sept cents.
  5. 8.6 Autre traduction : préfets.
  6. 8.8 Certains manuscrits de l’ancienne version grecque et 1 Ch 18.8 ont : Tébah.
  7. 8.9 Grande ville sur l’Oronte (Es 10.9 ; Za 9.2), appelée Epiphania par les Grecs.
  8. 8.12 D’après certains manuscrits hébreux, l’ancienne version grecque, la version syriaque et 1 Ch 18.11. La plupart des manuscrits hébreux ont : Syriens.
  9. 8.13 D’après certains manuscrits hébreux, l’ancienne version grecque, la version syriaque et 1 Ch 18.12. La plupart des manuscrits hébreux ont : Syriens.
  10. 8.13 Au sud de la mer Morte, vers le golfe d’Aqaba.
  11. 8.14 Autre traduction : préfets.
  12. 8.16 Neveu de David (voir 2.13 et note).
  13. 8.17 Descendant d’Eléazar, fils d’Aaron (voir 1 Ch 6.35-38 ; 24.1-3). Tsadoq restera fidèle à David durant tout son règne (15.24-29 ; 17.15-16 ; 19.12) et donnera l’onction à Salomon comme successeur du roi (1 R 1.8, 45 ; 2.35 ; 4.4).
  14. 8.17 Selon la version syriaque (voir 1 S 22.20 ; 23.6 ; 30.7), le texte hébreu traditionnel a : Ahimélek, fils d’Abiatar.
  15. 8.18 Les Kérétiens et les Pélétiens étaient des mercenaires étrangers, les premiers originaires de Crète, les seconds probablement de Philistie. Ils sont souvent mentionnés comme gardes royaux (15.18 ; 20.7 ; 1 R 1.38, 44 ; voir 1 S 30.14).
  16. 8.18 Le texte hébreu traditionnel a : prêtres. Les deux mots se ressemblent en hébreu. Les fils de David, n’étant pas des descendants d’Aaron, ne pouvaient être prêtres.

David’s Further Conquests(A)

After this it came to pass that David [a]attacked the Philistines and subdued them. And David took [b]Metheg Ammah from the hand of the Philistines.

Then (B)he defeated Moab. Forcing them down to the ground, he measured them off with a line. With two lines he measured off those to be put to death, and with one full line those to be kept alive. So the Moabites became David’s (C)servants, and (D)brought tribute.

David also defeated Hadadezer the son of Rehob, king of (E)Zobah, as he went to recover (F)his territory at the River Euphrates. David took from him one thousand chariots, [c]seven hundred horsemen, and twenty thousand foot soldiers. Also David (G)hamstrung all the chariot horses, except that he spared enough of them for one hundred chariots.

(H)When the Syrians of Damascus came to help Hadadezer king of Zobah, David killed twenty-two thousand of the Syrians. Then David put garrisons in Syria of Damascus; and the Syrians became David’s servants, and brought tribute. So (I)the Lord preserved David wherever he went. And David took (J)the shields of gold that had belonged to the servants of Hadadezer, and brought them to Jerusalem. Also from [d]Betah and from (K)Berothai,[e] cities of Hadadezer, King David took a large amount of bronze.

When [f]Toi king of (L)Hamath heard that David had defeated all the army of Hadadezer, 10 then Toi sent [g]Joram his son to King David, to [h]greet him and bless him, because he had fought against Hadadezer and defeated him (for Hadadezer had been at war with Toi); and Joram brought with him articles of silver, articles of gold, and articles of bronze. 11 King David also (M)dedicated these to the Lord, along with the silver and gold that he had dedicated from all the nations which he had subdued— 12 from [i]Syria, from Moab, from the people of Ammon, from the (N)Philistines, from Amalek, and from the spoil of Hadadezer the son of Rehob, king of Zobah.

13 And David made himself a (O)name when he returned from killing (P)eighteen thousand [j]Syrians in (Q)the Valley of Salt. 14 He also put garrisons in Edom; throughout all Edom he put garrisons, and (R)all the Edomites became David’s servants. And the Lord preserved David wherever he went.

David’s Administration(S)

15 So David reigned over all Israel; and David administered judgment and justice to all his people. 16 (T)Joab the son of Zeruiah was over the army; (U)Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud was recorder; 17 (V)Zadok the son of Ahitub and Ahimelech the son of Abiathar were the priests; [k]Seraiah was the [l]scribe; 18 (W)Benaiah the son of Jehoiada was over both the (X)Cherethites and the Pelethites; and David’s sons were [m]chief ministers.

Footnotes

  1. 2 Samuel 8:1 Lit. struck
  2. 2 Samuel 8:1 Lit. The Bridle of the Mother City
  3. 2 Samuel 8:4 seven thousand, 1 Chr. 18:4
  4. 2 Samuel 8:8 Tibhath, 1 Chr. 18:8
  5. 2 Samuel 8:8 Chun, 1 Chr. 18:8
  6. 2 Samuel 8:9 Tou, 1 Chr. 18:9
  7. 2 Samuel 8:10 Hadoram, 1 Chr. 18:10
  8. 2 Samuel 8:10 Lit. ask him of his welfare
  9. 2 Samuel 8:12 LXX, Syr., Heb. mss. Edom
  10. 2 Samuel 8:13 LXX, Syr., Heb. mss. Edomites and 1 Chr. 18:12
  11. 2 Samuel 8:17 Shavsha, 1 Chr. 18:16
  12. 2 Samuel 8:17 secretary
  13. 2 Samuel 8:18 Lit. priests

David's Victories

(A)After this David defeated the Philistines and subdued them, and David took (B)Metheg-ammah out of the hand of the Philistines.

(C)And he defeated Moab and he measured them with a line, making them lie down on the ground. Two lines he measured to be put to death, and one full line to be spared. And the Moabites (D)became servants to David and (E)brought tribute.

David also defeated (F)Hadadezer the son of Rehob, king of (G)Zobah, as he went to restore his power at the river Euphrates. (H)And David took from him 1,700 horsemen, and 20,000 foot soldiers. And David (I)hamstrung all the chariot horses but left enough for 100 chariots. (J)And when the (K)Syrians of Damascus came to help (L)Hadadezer king of (M)Zobah, David struck down 22,000 men of the Syrians. Then David put garrisons in Aram of Damascus, and the Syrians (N)became servants to David and brought tribute. (O)And the Lord gave victory to David wherever he went. And David took (P)the shields of gold that were carried by the servants of Hadadezer and brought them to Jerusalem. And from Betah and from Berothai, cities of Hadadezer, King David took very much bronze.

When Toi king of (Q)Hamath heard that David had defeated the whole army of Hadadezer, 10 Toi sent his son Joram to King David, to ask about his health and to bless him because he had fought against Hadadezer and defeated him, for Hadadezer had often been at war with Toi. And Joram brought with him articles of silver, of gold, and of bronze. 11 (R)These also King David dedicated to the Lord, together with the silver and gold that he dedicated from all the nations he subdued, 12 from Edom, (S)Moab, (T)the Ammonites, (U)the Philistines, (V)Amalek, and from the spoil of Hadadezer the son of Rehob, king of (W)Zobah.

13 And David made a name for himself when he returned from striking down 18,000 Edomites in (X)the Valley of Salt. 14 Then he put garrisons in Edom; throughout all Edom he put garrisons, (Y)and all the Edomites became David's servants. And the Lord gave victory to David wherever he went.

David's Officials

15 So David reigned over all Israel. And David administered justice and equity to all his people. 16 (Z)Joab the son of Zeruiah was over the army, and (AA)Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud was recorder, 17 and (AB)Zadok the son of Ahitub and Ahimelech the son of Abiathar were priests, and (AC)Seraiah was secretary, 18 and (AD)Benaiah the son of Jehoiada was over[a] the (AE)Cherethites and the Pelethites, and David's sons were priests.

Footnotes

  1. 2 Samuel 8:18 Compare 20:23, 1 Chronicles 18:17, Syriac, Targum, Vulgate; Hebrew lacks was over

David’s Victories(A)

In the course of time, David defeated the Philistines(B) and subdued(C) them, and he took Metheg Ammah from the control of the Philistines.

David also defeated the Moabites.(D) He made them lie down on the ground and measured them off with a length of cord. Every two lengths of them were put to death, and the third length was allowed to live. So the Moabites became subject to David and brought him tribute.(E)

Moreover, David defeated Hadadezer(F) son of Rehob, king of Zobah,(G) when he went to restore his monument at[a] the Euphrates(H) River. David captured a thousand of his chariots, seven thousand charioteers[b] and twenty thousand foot soldiers. He hamstrung(I) all but a hundred of the chariot horses.

When the Arameans of Damascus(J) came to help Hadadezer king of Zobah, David struck down twenty-two thousand of them. He put garrisons(K) in the Aramean kingdom of Damascus, and the Arameans became subject(L) to him and brought tribute. The Lord gave David victory wherever he went.(M)

David took the gold shields(N) that belonged to the officers of Hadadezer and brought them to Jerusalem. From Tebah[c] and Berothai,(O) towns that belonged to Hadadezer, King David took a great quantity of bronze.

When Tou[d] king of Hamath(P) heard that David had defeated the entire army of Hadadezer,(Q) 10 he sent his son Joram[e] to King David to greet him and congratulate him on his victory in battle over Hadadezer, who had been at war with Tou. Joram brought with him articles of silver, of gold and of bronze.

11 King David dedicated(R) these articles to the Lord, as he had done with the silver and gold from all the nations he had subdued: 12 Edom[f](S) and Moab,(T) the Ammonites(U) and the Philistines,(V) and Amalek.(W) He also dedicated the plunder taken from Hadadezer son of Rehob, king of Zobah.

13 And David became famous(X) after he returned from striking down eighteen thousand Edomites[g] in the Valley of Salt.(Y)

14 He put garrisons throughout Edom, and all the Edomites(Z) became subject to David.(AA) The Lord gave David victory(AB) wherever he went.(AC)

David’s Officials(AD)

15 David reigned over all Israel, doing what was just and right(AE) for all his people. 16 Joab(AF) son of Zeruiah was over the army; Jehoshaphat(AG) son of Ahilud was recorder;(AH) 17 Zadok(AI) son of Ahitub and Ahimelek son of Abiathar(AJ) were priests; Seraiah was secretary;(AK) 18 Benaiah(AL) son of Jehoiada was over the Kerethites(AM) and Pelethites; and David’s sons were priests.[h]

Footnotes

  1. 2 Samuel 8:3 Or his control along
  2. 2 Samuel 8:4 Septuagint (see also Dead Sea Scrolls and 1 Chron. 18:4); Masoretic Text captured seventeen hundred of his charioteers
  3. 2 Samuel 8:8 See some Septuagint manuscripts (see also 1 Chron. 18:8); Hebrew Betah.
  4. 2 Samuel 8:9 Hebrew Toi, a variant of Tou; also in verse 10
  5. 2 Samuel 8:10 A variant of Hadoram
  6. 2 Samuel 8:12 Some Hebrew manuscripts, Septuagint and Syriac (see also 1 Chron. 18:11); most Hebrew manuscripts Aram
  7. 2 Samuel 8:13 A few Hebrew manuscripts, Septuagint and Syriac (see also 1 Chron. 18:12); most Hebrew manuscripts Aram (that is, Arameans)
  8. 2 Samuel 8:18 Or were chief officials (see Septuagint and Targum; see also 1 Chron. 18:17)

And after this it came to pass that Dovid struck the Pelishtim, and subdued them; and Dovid took Meteg Ammah out of the yad (hand, control) of the Pelishtim.

And he struck Moav, and measured them with a chevel (cord, rope), casting them down to the ground; even with two chavalim (ropes, cords) measured he to put to death, and with one full chevel (cord) to keep alive. And so Moav became to Dovid as avadim, and brought minchah (gifts, tribute).

Dovid struck also Hadadezer Ben Rechov Melech Tzovah, as he went to recover his yad (rule) at the nahar (river) Euphrates.

And Dovid captured from him an elef and seven hundred parashim, and twenty elef foot soldiers; and Dovid hamstrung all the chariot horses, but reserved of them for one hundred chariots.

And when the Syrians of Damascus came to help Hadadezer Melech Tzovah, Dovid struck down the Syrians two and twenty elef ish.

Then Dovid put garrisons in Syria of Damascus; and the Syrians became avadim to Dovid, and brought minchah. And Hashem saved Dovid wherever he went.

And Dovid took the shields of zahav that were on the avadim of Hadadezer, and brought them to Yerushalayim.

And from Betach [Tivchat, 1 Chr18:8], and from Berotai [Kun, 1 Chr 18:8], cities of Hadadezer, Dovid HaMelech took exceeding much nechoshet.

When To’u Melech Chamat heard that Dovid had defeated all the army of Hadadezer,

10 Then To’u sent Yoram bno unto Dovid HaMelech, to give him shalom greetings, and to put a berachah on him, because he had fought against Hadadezer, and defeated him; for Hadadezer had been at war with To’u. And Yoram brought with him vessels of kesef, and vessels of zahav, and vessels of nechoshet;

11 Which also Dovid HaMelech did dedicate as kodesh unto Hashem, with the kesef and zahav that he had dedicated as kodesh of kol HaGoyim which he subdued;

12 Of Syria, and of Moav, and of the Bnei Ammon, and of the Pelishtim, and of Amalek, and of the plunder of Hadadezer Ben Rechov Melech Tzovah.

13 And Dovid made himself a shem when he returned from striking down Edom in the Gey Melach, being eighteen elef men.

14 And he put garrisons in Edom; throughout all Edom put he garrisons, and all they of Edom became avadim to Dovid. And Hashem saved Dovid wherever he went.

15 And Dovid reigned over kol Yisroel; and Dovid executed mishpat and tzedakah unto all his people.

16 And Yoav Ben Tzeruyah was over the army; and Yehoshaphat Ben Achilud was mazkir (secretary, recorder).

17 And Tzadok Ben Achituv, and Achimelech Ben Evyatar (Abiathar), were the kohanim; and Serayah was the sofer (scribe);

18 And Benayah Ben Yehoyada was over both the Kereti and the Peleti; and Benei Dovid were kohanim [See Ps 110:4].