Kriege während Davids Herrschaft (Kapitel 8–10)

Davids Siege über die Nachbarvölker (1. Chronik 18,1‒13)

Einige Zeit später griff David mit seinem Heer die Philister an. Er brachte ihnen eine beschämende Niederlage bei und machte ihrer Vorherrschaft im Gebiet Israels ein Ende.

Auch die Moabiter schlug David. Die Gefangenen mussten sich alle nebeneinander auf den Boden legen. Dann ging David mit einer Messschnur an der Reihe entlang. Er maß jeweils zwei Schnurlängen ab, und alle, die innerhalb dieses Bereiches lagen, wurden hingerichtet. Dann maß er jeweils eine Schnurlänge ab, und diese Gefangenen durften am Leben bleiben. Sie mussten sich aber David unterwerfen und ihm regelmäßig Tribut zahlen.

Als König Hadad-Eser, der Sohn von Rehob aus Zoba in Nordsyrien, mit seinen Truppen auszog, um am Euphrat seine Macht wiederherzustellen, griff David ihn an und besiegte ihn. Davids Heer nahm 1700 Reiter und 20.000 Fußsoldaten gefangen. Von den Zugpferden der Streitwagen behielt David 100 für sich, allen anderen ließ er die Fußsehnen durchschneiden.

Die Syrer aus Damaskus wollten König Hadad-Eser von Zoba zu Hilfe kommen. Da griff David auch sie an. In dieser Schlacht fielen 22.000 von ihnen. David ließ das Gebiet um Damaskus besetzen und machte die Syrer zu seinen Untertanen. Sie mussten ihm Tribut zahlen. Der Herr half David bei allen seinen Kriegszügen und schenkte ihm den Sieg. David erbeutete auch die goldenen Schilde von Hadad-Esers Soldaten und brachte sie nach Jerusalem. Aus den Städten Tebach und Berotai, die beide Hadad-Eser gehört hatten, nahm er eine große Menge Bronze mit.

Als König Toï von Hamat hörte, dass David Hadad-Esers Heer besiegt hatte, 10 sandte er seinen Sohn Joram[a] zu David. Er sollte ihm Grüße ausrichten und ihm zu seinem Sieg gratulieren. Denn Hadad-Eser und Toï waren verfeindet und hatten schon gegeneinander Krieg geführt. Joram brachte David Geschenke mit: Gefäße aus Gold, Silber und Bronze. 11-12 David brachte sie in das Heiligtum und weihte sie dem Herrn, ebenso die Schätze aus Gold und Silber, die er bei seinen Eroberungszügen gegen die Edomiter, Moabiter, Ammoniter, Philister, Amalekiter und gegen König Hadad-Eser aus Zoba, den Sohn von Rehob, erbeutet hatte.

13 David wurde noch berühmter, als er die Edomiter in einer Schlacht im Salztal besiegte. 18.000 von ihnen kamen dabei um. 14 David errichtete im ganzen Land Garnisonen und machte die Bewohner von Edom zu seinen Untertanen. Der Herr half ihm bei allen Kriegszügen und schenkte ihm stets den Sieg.

Davids oberste Beamte (1. Chronik 18,14‒17)

15 Solange David König über ganz Israel war, sorgte er für Recht und Gerechtigkeit in seinem Volk. 16 Joab, der Sohn von Davids Schwester Zeruja, war der oberste Befehlshaber über das Heer. Joschafat, ein Sohn von Ahilud, war Berater des Königs. 17 Zadok, ein Sohn von Ahitub, und Ahimelech, ein Sohn von Abjatar, waren die obersten Priester. Seraja war Hofsekretär. 18 Benaja, ein Sohn von Jojada, hatte den Befehl über die Leibwache des Königs. Alle Söhne Davids hatten den Rang von Priestern.

Footnotes

  1. 8,10 Joram ist die jüdische Form von Hadoram. Vgl. 1. Chronik 18,10.

David’s Further Conquests(A)

After this it came to pass that David [a]attacked the Philistines and subdued them. And David took [b]Metheg Ammah from the hand of the Philistines.

Then (B)he defeated Moab. Forcing them down to the ground, he measured them off with a line. With two lines he measured off those to be put to death, and with one full line those to be kept alive. So the Moabites became David’s (C)servants, and (D)brought tribute.

David also defeated Hadadezer the son of Rehob, king of (E)Zobah, as he went to recover (F)his territory at the River Euphrates. David took from him one thousand chariots, [c]seven hundred horsemen, and twenty thousand foot soldiers. Also David (G)hamstrung all the chariot horses, except that he spared enough of them for one hundred chariots.

(H)When the Syrians of Damascus came to help Hadadezer king of Zobah, David killed twenty-two thousand of the Syrians. Then David put garrisons in Syria of Damascus; and the Syrians became David’s servants, and brought tribute. So (I)the Lord preserved David wherever he went. And David took (J)the shields of gold that had belonged to the servants of Hadadezer, and brought them to Jerusalem. Also from [d]Betah and from (K)Berothai,[e] cities of Hadadezer, King David took a large amount of bronze.

When [f]Toi king of (L)Hamath heard that David had defeated all the army of Hadadezer, 10 then Toi sent [g]Joram his son to King David, to [h]greet him and bless him, because he had fought against Hadadezer and defeated him (for Hadadezer had been at war with Toi); and Joram brought with him articles of silver, articles of gold, and articles of bronze. 11 King David also (M)dedicated these to the Lord, along with the silver and gold that he had dedicated from all the nations which he had subdued— 12 from [i]Syria, from Moab, from the people of Ammon, from the (N)Philistines, from Amalek, and from the spoil of Hadadezer the son of Rehob, king of Zobah.

13 And David made himself a (O)name when he returned from killing (P)eighteen thousand [j]Syrians in (Q)the Valley of Salt. 14 He also put garrisons in Edom; throughout all Edom he put garrisons, and (R)all the Edomites became David’s servants. And the Lord preserved David wherever he went.

David’s Administration(S)

15 So David reigned over all Israel; and David administered judgment and justice to all his people. 16 (T)Joab the son of Zeruiah was over the army; (U)Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud was recorder; 17 (V)Zadok the son of Ahitub and Ahimelech the son of Abiathar were the priests; [k]Seraiah was the [l]scribe; 18 (W)Benaiah the son of Jehoiada was over both the (X)Cherethites and the Pelethites; and David’s sons were [m]chief ministers.

Footnotes

  1. 2 Samuel 8:1 Lit. struck
  2. 2 Samuel 8:1 Lit. The Bridle of the Mother City
  3. 2 Samuel 8:4 seven thousand, 1 Chr. 18:4
  4. 2 Samuel 8:8 Tibhath, 1 Chr. 18:8
  5. 2 Samuel 8:8 Chun, 1 Chr. 18:8
  6. 2 Samuel 8:9 Tou, 1 Chr. 18:9
  7. 2 Samuel 8:10 Hadoram, 1 Chr. 18:10
  8. 2 Samuel 8:10 Lit. ask him of his welfare
  9. 2 Samuel 8:12 LXX, Syr., Heb. mss. Edom
  10. 2 Samuel 8:13 LXX, Syr., Heb. mss. Edomites and 1 Chr. 18:12
  11. 2 Samuel 8:17 Shavsha, 1 Chr. 18:16
  12. 2 Samuel 8:17 secretary
  13. 2 Samuel 8:18 Lit. priests

David’s Victories(A)

In the course of time, David defeated the Philistines(B) and subdued(C) them, and he took Metheg Ammah from the control of the Philistines.

David also defeated the Moabites.(D) He made them lie down on the ground and measured them off with a length of cord. Every two lengths of them were put to death, and the third length was allowed to live. So the Moabites became subject to David and brought him tribute.(E)

Moreover, David defeated Hadadezer(F) son of Rehob, king of Zobah,(G) when he went to restore his monument at[a] the Euphrates(H) River. David captured a thousand of his chariots, seven thousand charioteers[b] and twenty thousand foot soldiers. He hamstrung(I) all but a hundred of the chariot horses.

When the Arameans of Damascus(J) came to help Hadadezer king of Zobah, David struck down twenty-two thousand of them. He put garrisons(K) in the Aramean kingdom of Damascus, and the Arameans became subject(L) to him and brought tribute. The Lord gave David victory wherever he went.(M)

David took the gold shields(N) that belonged to the officers of Hadadezer and brought them to Jerusalem. From Tebah[c] and Berothai,(O) towns that belonged to Hadadezer, King David took a great quantity of bronze.

When Tou[d] king of Hamath(P) heard that David had defeated the entire army of Hadadezer,(Q) 10 he sent his son Joram[e] to King David to greet him and congratulate him on his victory in battle over Hadadezer, who had been at war with Tou. Joram brought with him articles of silver, of gold and of bronze.

11 King David dedicated(R) these articles to the Lord, as he had done with the silver and gold from all the nations he had subdued: 12 Edom[f](S) and Moab,(T) the Ammonites(U) and the Philistines,(V) and Amalek.(W) He also dedicated the plunder taken from Hadadezer son of Rehob, king of Zobah.

13 And David became famous(X) after he returned from striking down eighteen thousand Edomites[g] in the Valley of Salt.(Y)

14 He put garrisons throughout Edom, and all the Edomites(Z) became subject to David.(AA) The Lord gave David victory(AB) wherever he went.(AC)

David’s Officials(AD)

15 David reigned over all Israel, doing what was just and right(AE) for all his people. 16 Joab(AF) son of Zeruiah was over the army; Jehoshaphat(AG) son of Ahilud was recorder;(AH) 17 Zadok(AI) son of Ahitub and Ahimelek son of Abiathar(AJ) were priests; Seraiah was secretary;(AK) 18 Benaiah(AL) son of Jehoiada was over the Kerethites(AM) and Pelethites; and David’s sons were priests.[h]

Footnotes

  1. 2 Samuel 8:3 Or his control along
  2. 2 Samuel 8:4 Septuagint (see also Dead Sea Scrolls and 1 Chron. 18:4); Masoretic Text captured seventeen hundred of his charioteers
  3. 2 Samuel 8:8 See some Septuagint manuscripts (see also 1 Chron. 18:8); Hebrew Betah.
  4. 2 Samuel 8:9 Hebrew Toi, a variant of Tou; also in verse 10
  5. 2 Samuel 8:10 A variant of Hadoram
  6. 2 Samuel 8:12 Some Hebrew manuscripts, Septuagint and Syriac (see also 1 Chron. 18:11); most Hebrew manuscripts Aram
  7. 2 Samuel 8:13 A few Hebrew manuscripts, Septuagint and Syriac (see also 1 Chron. 18:12); most Hebrew manuscripts Aram (that is, Arameans)
  8. 2 Samuel 8:18 Or were chief officials (see Septuagint and Targum; see also 1 Chron. 18:17)