2 Samuel 3
La Bible du Semeur
3 La guerre dura longtemps entre la maison de Saül et celle de David, mais la maison de David devenait de plus en plus puissante, tandis que celle de Saül ne cessait de s’affaiblir.
Les fils de David nés à Hébron(A)
2 Il naquit à David des fils à Hébron : son premier-né s’appelait Amnôn, il était fils d’Ahinoam de Jizréel. 3 Son deuxième, Kileab, était fils d’Abigaïl, veuve de Nabal de Karmel ; le troisième, Absalom, était le fils de Maaka, fille de Talmaï, le roi de Gueshour[a] ; 4 le quatrième, Adoniya, était le fils de Haggith ; le cinquième, Shephatia, était le fils d’Abital ; 5 et le sixième Yitream, fils d’Egla, femme de David. Tels sont les fils de David qui naquirent à Hébron.
Abner se rallie à David
6 Tant que dura la guerre entre la maison de Saül et celle de David, Abner renforça son influence dans la maison de Saül. 7 Or, Saül avait eu une épouse de second rang, Ritspa, fille d’Aya. Ish-Bosheth fit un reproche à Abner en lui disant : Pourquoi as-tu couché avec l’épouse de mon père ?
8 A ces mots, Abner entra dans une violente colère et lança à Ish-Bosheth : Est-ce que je suis un chien au service de Juda ? Depuis toujours, j’ai traité avec faveur la famille de Saül, ton père, ses frères et ses amis, et je ne t’ai pas laissé tomber entre les mains de David, et voilà que tu viens aujourd’hui me reprocher une faute avec cette femme ! 9 Que Dieu me punisse très sévèrement si je n’œuvre pas à la réalisation de ce que l’Eternel a promis à David. 10 Car il a juré d’enlever la royauté à la famille de Saül et d’affermir l’autorité royale de David[b] sur Israël et sur Juda depuis Dan jusqu’à Beer-Sheva[c].
11 Ish-Bosheth ne put lui répliquer un seul mot car il avait peur de lui.
12 Abner envoya des émissaires auprès de David pour lui faire cette proposition : A qui doit appartenir ce pays ? Conclus une alliance avec moi et je t’aiderai à rallier tout Israël autour de toi.
13 – D’accord, leur répondit David, je ferai alliance avec toi, mais à une condition : je ne te recevrai pas si tu ne m’envoies pas d’abord Mikal, la fille de Saül[d], lorsque tu viendras me rencontrer.
14 En même temps, David envoya des messagers à Ish-Bosheth, fils de Saül, pour lui dire : Rends-moi ma femme Mikal que j’ai acquise au prix de cent prépuces de Philistins.
15 Ish-Bosheth la fit enlever chez son second mari Paltiel, fils de Laïsh, 16 qui la suivit en pleurant jusqu’à Bahourim[e]. Là, Abner lui ordonna de retourner chez lui – et il s’en alla.
17 Abner engagea des pourparlers avec les responsables d’Israël. Il leur dit : Depuis longtemps déjà vous souhaitez que David devienne votre roi. 18 Le moment est venu de passer aux actes. Rappelez-vous que l’Eternel a promis à David : « C’est par David, mon serviteur, que je délivrerai mon peuple Israël des Philistins et de tous ses ennemis. »
19 Abner s’entretint de la même manière avec les responsables de la tribu de Benjamin, puis il se rendit à Hébron pour communiquer à David les décisions prises en accord avec les autres Israélites et toute la tribu de Benjamin.
20 Il arriva chez David à Hébron accompagné de vingt hommes. David leur offrit à tous un festin. 21 Puis Abner lui dit : Je m’en vais rassembler tout Israël autour de mon seigneur le roi ; ils concluront une alliance avec toi, et tu régneras partout où tu voudras.
David le laissa partir et celui-ci s’en alla en paix.
La mort d’Abner
22 Peu après, Joab et les hommes de David rentrèrent d’une expédition militaire en rapportant un butin considérable. Abner n’était plus chez David à Hébron, puisque celui-ci l’avait laissé repartir en paix. 23 Quand Joab et toute l’armée qui l’accompagnait arrivèrent, on informa Joab qu’Abner, fils de Ner, était venu trouver le roi et que celui-ci l’avait laissé repartir en paix. 24 Alors Joab se rendit auprès du roi et lui dit : Qu’as-tu fait ? Abner est venu vers toi et toi, tu l’as laissé repartir librement ! 25 Pourtant tu le connais, cet Abner, fils de Ner : c’est pour te tromper qu’il est venu, pour apprendre quels sont tes plans de campagne et pour savoir tout ce que tu fais.
26 Joab sortit de chez David et sans que celui-ci en sache rien, il envoya sur les pas d’Abner des messagers qui lui firent rebrousser chemin depuis la citerne de Sira[f]. 27 Quand Abner fut de retour à Hébron, Joab l’entraîna à l’écart à l’intérieur de la porte de la ville comme pour lui parler confidentiellement, et là il le poignarda en plein ventre et le tua pour venger la mort de son frère Asaël.
28 Quand David apprit ce qui s’était passé, il s’écria : Je suis à jamais innocent devant l’Eternel, moi ainsi que mon royaume, du meurtre d’Abner, fils de Ner. 29 Que la responsabilité de ce meurtre retombe sur Joab et sa famille ! Qu’il ne cesse d’y avoir parmi ses descendants quelqu’un qui soit atteint d’un flux ou de la lèpre, ou qui s’appuie sur des béquilles, ou qui meure par l’épée, ou qui manque de nourriture[g] !
30 Joab et son frère Abishaï avaient assassiné Abner, parce qu’il avait tué leur frère Asaël au cours de la bataille de Gabaon[h].
31 David ordonna à Joab et à toute la troupe qui l’accompagnait : Déchirez vos vêtements, revêtez-vous d’un habit de toile de sac et portez le deuil pour Abner !
Le roi David marchait derrière le cercueil. 32 On enterra Abner à Hébron ; le roi éclata en sanglots sur son tombeau et tout le peuple se mit à pleurer.
33 Puis le roi entonna sur Abner la complainte que voici :
Fallait-il qu’Abner meure ╵comme les insensés ?
34 Tu n’avais pas les mains liées
ni les pieds enchaînés.
Pourtant tu es tombé
comme lorsque l’on tombe ╵devant des gens pervers.
Et tout le peuple se remit à pleurer sur lui. 35 Ensuite tout le monde pressa David de prendre quelque nourriture pendant qu’il faisait encore jour. Mais il fit ce serment : Que Dieu me punisse très sévèrement si je mange un seul morceau de pain ou quoi que ce soit d’autre avant le coucher du soleil. 36 Tout le peuple en eut connaissance et l’approuva, comme du reste il approuvait tout ce que faisait le roi. 37 Toute l’armée et tout Israël reconnurent ce jour-là que le roi n’était pour rien dans l’assassinat d’Abner, fils de Ner. 38 Le roi dit à ses officiers : Est-ce que vous vous rendez compte qu’un prince et un grand chef est tombé aujourd’hui en Israël ? 39 Même si j’ai reçu l’onction royale, je suis encore faible, et ces gens, les fils de Tserouya, sont trop puissants pour moi. Que l’Eternel lui-même punisse celui qui a commis ce crime selon le mal qu’il a fait !
Footnotes
- 3.3 Gueshour était un petit royaume syrien situé à l’est du Jourdain et au nord-est du lac de Galilée (voir 15.8 ; Jos 12.5 ; 13.11-13 ; Dt 3.14) où Absalom cherchera refuge (13.37-38 ; 14.23).
- 3.10 Voir 1 S 15.28.
- 3.10 Expression classique désignant tout le pays d’Israël, de l’extrême nord à l’extrême sud (voir Jg 20.1).
- 3.13 Voir 1 S 18.20-30 ; 25.44.
- 3.16 A quelques kilomètres de Jérusalem, sans doute la dernière localité du ressort d’Ish-Bosheth.
- 3.26 Un des points d’eau du désert, très certainement situé au nord d’Hébron.
- 3.29 Voir 1 R 2.5-6, 28-35.
- 3.30 Voir 2.18-23.
2 Samuel 3
Lexham English Bible
The House of David Grows Stronger
3 The battle was prolonged between the house of Saul and the house of David, but David was growing stronger and stronger[a] while the house of Saul was becoming weaker and weaker.[b] 2 And sons were born to David in Hebron; his firstborn was Amnon by Ahinoam from Jezreel[c]. 3 His second was Kileab by Abigail the wife of Nabal the Carmelite; the third was Absalom the son of Maacah, who was the daughter of Talmai the king of Geshur. 4 The fourth was Adonijah the son of Haggith; the fifth was Shephatiah the son of Abital. 5 The sixth was Ithream by Eglah the wife of David. These were born to David in Hebron.
6 As the war between the house of Saul and the house of David was continuing, Abner was strengthening himself in the house of Saul. 7 Saul had had a concubine, and her name was Rizpah the daughter of Aiah. Then Ish-Bosheth[d] said to Abner, “Why did you have sex with[e] my father’s concubine?” 8 Abner became very angry[f] at the words of Ish-Bosheth, and he said, “Am I the head of a dog which is for Judah today? Do I not continue to show loyal love with the house of Saul your father, to his brothers, and to his friends? I have not let you fall into the hands of David, yet you have accused me of sin with this woman[g] today. 9 Thus may God punish Abner,[h] if I do not accomplish what Yahweh has sworn to David;[i] 10 specifically, to transfer the kingdom from the house of Saul and to establish the throne of David over Israel and over Judah from Dan to Beersheba!” 11 And Ish-Bosheth was no longer able to answer[j] Abner because he feared him.[k]
Abner Pledges Support for David
12 Abner sent messengers to David where he was,[l] saying, “To whom does the land belong? Make your covenant with me![m] Look, my hand is with you to bring all of Israel over to you!” 13 He[n] said, “Good. I will make a covenant with you.[o] I am asking only one thing from you: You shall not see my face unless you bring Michal the daughter of Saul when you come to see me.”[p] 14 Then David sent messengers to Ish-Bosheth the son of Saul, saying, “Give me my wife Michal whom I betrothed to myself[q] for a hundred foreskins of the Philistines.” 15 So Ish-Bosheth sent and took her from her husband, from Paltiel the son of Laish.[r] 16 But her husband went with her, weeping all along[s] after her as far as Bahurim. Then Abner said to him, “Go and return.” So he returned.
17 The word of Abner came to[t] the elders of Israel, saying, “For quite some time[u] you were seeking David as king over you. 18 So then, bring it about, because Yahweh had said to David, “Through the hand of David my servant I am about to save my people Israel from the hand of the Philistines and from the hand of all their enemies.” 19 Abner also spoke privately to Benjamin.[v] Abner also went to speak to David[w] in Hebron, all that was good in the eyes of Israel and in the eyes of all the house of Benjamin.
20 Then Abner came to David in Hebron and with him were twenty men. David had prepared a feast for Abner and for the men who were with him. 21 And Abner said to David, “Let me get up and go and gather all of Israel to my lord the king, that they may make a covenant[x] with you so you can reign over all which your soul desires.” So David dismissed Abner, and he left in peace. 22 And look, the servants of David and Joab came from the raid, and they brought much plunder with them. But Abner was not with David at Hebron, for he[y] had dismissed him, and he had gone in peace. 23 When Joab and all the army that was with him came, they told Joab, “Abner the son of Ner came to the king, and he sent him away, and he left in peace.”
Joab Assassinates Abner
24 Then Joab came to the king and said, “What have you done? Abner came here to you? Why have you dismissed him that he actually went away?[z] 25 You know that Abner the son of Ner came to deceive you. He came to learn about your going out and coming in and to know all which you are doing.” 26 Then Joab went out from David, and he sent messengers after Abner, and they brought him back from Bor Hasirah, but David did not know it.
27 When Abner returned to Hebron, Joab took him aside to the middle of the gate to speak with him in private. Then he struck him in the stomach there and he died, for he had shed the blood of Asahel his brother.[aa] 28 When David heard this afterwards, he said: “I and my kingdom are innocent before Yahweh[ab] forever for the blood of Abner the son of Ner. 29 May the blood come down on the head of Joab and all the house of his father. May the house of Joab never lack[ac] one with a bodily discharge or one with leprosy or one who grasps the distaff or one who falls by the sword or one who is lacking food.”
30 So Joab and Abishai, his brother, killed Abner because he had killed Asahel, their brother, at Gibeon in the battle. 31 David said to Joab and to all the people who were with him, “Tear your clothing and put on sackcloth and mourn before Abner.” Now King David was following after the bier. 32 And they buried Abner at Hebron. And the king lifted up his voice and wept at the grave of Abner, and all the people wept. 33 The king sang a lament for Abner and said, “Should Abner have died the death of a fool? 34 Your hands were not tied and your feet were not in contact with bronze fetters. You have fallen as one who falls before sons of wickedness.” Then all the people wept over him again.[ad] 35 Then all the people came to give David food. Still on that day, David swore, “May God punish me[ae] if I taste food or anything before the sun goes down.” 36 All the people noticed, and it was good in their eyes, as everything that the king did was good in the eyes of all the people. 37 Then all the people and all of Israel realized on that day that the king had not desired[af] to kill Abner the son of Ner. 38 Then the king said to his servants, “Did you not realize that a prince and a great man has fallen today in Israel? 39 I am weak today even though anointed king, and these men, the sons of Zeruiah, are crueler than I am. May Yahweh pay them back for doing wickedness according to their own wickedness.”
Footnotes
- 2 Samuel 3:1 Literally “was going and strong”
- 2 Samuel 3:1 Literally “was going and weak”
- 2 Samuel 3:2 Literally “the Jezreelitess”
- 2 Samuel 3:7 Supported by some Hebrew and Greek manuscripts
- 2 Samuel 3:7 Literally “have you gone into”
- 2 Samuel 3:8 Literally “And it became hot for Abner very”
- 2 Samuel 3:8 Literally “you have called me into account with the guilt of the woman”
- 2 Samuel 3:9 Literally “may God do to Abner, and thus may he add to it”
- 2 Samuel 3:9 Literally “for as that Yahweh has sworn to David, so I will accomplish for him”
- 2 Samuel 3:11 Literally “return a word to”
- 2 Samuel 3:11 Literally “because of his fearing him”
- 2 Samuel 3:12 Literally “under him”
- 2 Samuel 3:12 Literally “cut your covenant with me”
- 2 Samuel 3:13 David
- 2 Samuel 3:13 Literally “I will cut a covenant with you”
- 2 Samuel 3:13 Literally “my face”
- 2 Samuel 3:14 Hebrew “me”
- 2 Samuel 3:15 The Hebrew Masoretic text (Kethib) reads “Lush”; Qere reads “Laish”
- 2 Samuel 3:16 Literally “going and weeping”
- 2 Samuel 3:17 Literally “was with”
- 2 Samuel 3:17 Literally “Both yesterday and the day before”
- 2 Samuel 3:19 Literally “in the ears of Benjamin”
- 2 Samuel 3:19 Literally “to speak in the ears of David”
- 2 Samuel 3:21 Literally “cut a covenant”
- 2 Samuel 3:22 David
- 2 Samuel 3:24 Literally “and he went going”
- 2 Samuel 3:27 Literally “for the blood of Asahel his brother.” See Num 35:16–25
- 2 Samuel 3:28 Literally “from with Yahweh”
- 2 Samuel 3:29 Literally “May there not be cut off from the house of Joab”
- 2 Samuel 3:34 Literally “and all the people did again to weep over him”
- 2 Samuel 3:35 Literally “Thus may God do to me and thus may he add”
- 2 Samuel 3:37 Literally “that it was not from the king”
2 Samuel 3
New International Version
3 The war between the house of Saul and the house of David lasted a long time.(A) David grew stronger and stronger,(B) while the house of Saul grew weaker and weaker.(C)
2 Sons were born to David in Hebron:
His firstborn was Amnon(D) the son of Ahinoam(E) of Jezreel;
3 his second, Kileab the son of Abigail(F) the widow of Nabal of Carmel;
the third, Absalom(G) the son of Maakah daughter of Talmai king of Geshur;(H)
4 the fourth, Adonijah(I) the son of Haggith;
the fifth, Shephatiah the son of Abital;
5 and the sixth, Ithream the son of David’s wife Eglah.
These were born to David in Hebron.
Abner Goes Over to David
6 During the war between the house of Saul and the house of David, Abner(J) had been strengthening his own position in the house of Saul. 7 Now Saul had had a concubine(K) named Rizpah(L) daughter of Aiah. And Ish-Bosheth said to Abner, “Why did you sleep with my father’s concubine?”
8 Abner was very angry because of what Ish-Bosheth said. So he answered, “Am I a dog’s head(M)—on Judah’s side? This very day I am loyal to the house of your father Saul and to his family and friends. I haven’t handed you over to David. Yet now you accuse me of an offense involving this woman! 9 May God deal with Abner, be it ever so severely, if I do not do for David what the Lord promised(N) him on oath 10 and transfer the kingdom from the house of Saul and establish David’s throne over Israel and Judah from Dan to Beersheba.”(O) 11 Ish-Bosheth did not dare to say another word to Abner, because he was afraid of him.
12 Then Abner sent messengers on his behalf to say to David, “Whose land is it? Make an agreement with me, and I will help you bring all Israel over to you.”
13 “Good,” said David. “I will make an agreement with you. But I demand one thing of you: Do not come into my presence unless you bring Michal daughter of Saul when you come to see me.”(P) 14 Then David sent messengers to Ish-Bosheth son of Saul, demanding, “Give me my wife Michal,(Q) whom I betrothed to myself for the price of a hundred Philistine foreskins.”
15 So Ish-Bosheth gave orders and had her taken away from her husband(R) Paltiel(S) son of Laish. 16 Her husband, however, went with her, weeping behind her all the way to Bahurim.(T) Then Abner said to him, “Go back home!” So he went back.
17 Abner conferred with the elders(U) of Israel and said, “For some time you have wanted to make David your king. 18 Now do it! For the Lord promised David, ‘By my servant David I will rescue my people Israel from the hand of the Philistines(V) and from the hand of all their enemies.(W)’”
19 Abner also spoke to the Benjamites in person. Then he went to Hebron to tell David everything that Israel and the whole tribe of Benjamin(X) wanted to do. 20 When Abner, who had twenty men with him, came to David at Hebron, David prepared a feast(Y) for him and his men. 21 Then Abner said to David, “Let me go at once and assemble all Israel for my lord the king, so that they may make a covenant(Z) with you, and that you may rule over all that your heart desires.”(AA) So David sent Abner away, and he went in peace.
Joab Murders Abner
22 Just then David’s men and Joab returned from a raid and brought with them a great deal of plunder. But Abner was no longer with David in Hebron, because David had sent him away, and he had gone in peace. 23 When Joab and all the soldiers with him arrived, he was told that Abner son of Ner had come to the king and that the king had sent him away and that he had gone in peace.
24 So Joab went to the king and said, “What have you done? Look, Abner came to you. Why did you let him go? Now he is gone! 25 You know Abner son of Ner; he came to deceive you and observe your movements and find out everything you are doing.”
26 Joab then left David and sent messengers after Abner, and they brought him back from the cistern at Sirah. But David did not know it. 27 Now when Abner(AB) returned to Hebron, Joab took him aside into an inner chamber, as if to speak with him privately. And there, to avenge the blood of his brother Asahel, Joab stabbed him(AC) in the stomach, and he died.(AD)
28 Later, when David heard about this, he said, “I and my kingdom are forever innocent(AE) before the Lord concerning the blood of Abner son of Ner. 29 May his blood(AF) fall on the head of Joab and on his whole family!(AG) May Joab’s family never be without someone who has a running sore(AH) or leprosy[a] or who leans on a crutch or who falls by the sword or who lacks food.”
30 (Joab and his brother Abishai murdered Abner because he had killed their brother Asahel in the battle at Gibeon.)
31 Then David said to Joab and all the people with him, “Tear your clothes and put on sackcloth(AI) and walk in mourning(AJ) in front of Abner.” King David himself walked behind the bier. 32 They buried Abner in Hebron, and the king wept(AK) aloud at Abner’s tomb. All the people wept also.
33 The king sang this lament(AL) for Abner:
“Should Abner have died as the lawless die?
34 Your hands were not bound,
your feet were not fettered.(AM)
You fell as one falls before the wicked.”
And all the people wept over him again.
35 Then they all came and urged David to eat something while it was still day; but David took an oath, saying, “May God deal with me, be it ever so severely,(AN) if I taste bread(AO) or anything else before the sun sets!”
36 All the people took note and were pleased; indeed, everything the king did pleased them. 37 So on that day all the people there and all Israel knew that the king had no part(AP) in the murder of Abner son of Ner.
38 Then the king said to his men, “Do you not realize that a commander and a great man has fallen(AQ) in Israel this day? 39 And today, though I am the anointed king, I am weak, and these sons of Zeruiah(AR) are too strong(AS) for me.(AT) May the Lord repay(AU) the evildoer according to his evil deeds!”
Footnotes
- 2 Samuel 3:29 The Hebrew for leprosy was used for various diseases affecting the skin.
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