2 Kings 17-21

Christian Standard Bible

Israel’s King Hoshea

17 In the twelfth year of Judah’s King Ahaz, Hoshea^(A) son of Elah became king over Israel in Samaria, and he reigned nine years. ² He did what was evil in the Lord’s sight, but not like the kings of Israel who preceded him.^(B)

³ King Shalmaneser^(C) of Assyria attacked him,^(D) and Hoshea became his vassal and paid him tribute. ⁴ But the king of Assyria caught Hoshea in a conspiracy: He had sent envoys to So king of Egypt^(E) and had not paid tribute to the king of Assyria as in previous years.^[a] Therefore the king of Assyria arrested him and put him in prison. ⁵ The king of Assyria invaded the whole land, marched up to Samaria, and besieged it for three years.^(F)

The Fall of Samaria

⁶ In the ninth year of Hoshea,^(G) the king of Assyria captured Samaria. He deported^(H) the Israelites to Assyria and settled them in Halah, along the Habor (Gozan’s river), and in the cities of the Medes.^(I)

Why Israel Fell

⁷ This disaster happened because the people of Israel sinned against the Lord their God who had brought them out of the land of Egypt from the power of Pharaoh king of Egypt^(J) and because they worshiped^[b] other gods.^{(K) 8} They lived according to the customs of the nations that the Lord had dispossessed before the Israelites^(L) and according to what the kings of Israel did.^{(M) 9} The Israelites secretly did things^[c] against the Lord their God that were not right. They built high places in all their towns from watchtower^(N) to fortified city. ¹⁰ They set up for themselves sacred pillars^(O) and Asherah poles^(P) on every high hill and under every green tree.^{(Q) 11} They burned incense there on all the high places just like the nations that the Lord had driven out before them had done. They did evil things, angering the Lord. ¹² They served idols, although the Lord had told them, “You must not do this.”^{(R) 13} Still, the Lord warned^(S) Israel and Judah through every prophet and every seer, saying, “Turn from your evil ways and keep my commands and statutes according to the whole law I commanded your ancestors and sent to you through my servants the prophets.”^(T)

¹⁴ But they would not listen. Instead they became obstinate like^[d] their ancestors who did not believe the Lord their God.^{(U) 15} They rejected his statutes and his covenant he had made with their ancestors^(V) and the warnings he had given them. They followed worthless idols and became worthless themselves,^(W) following the surrounding nations the Lord had commanded them not to imitate.^(X)

¹⁶ They abandoned all the commands of the Lord their God. They made cast images^(Y) for themselves, two calves, and an Asherah pole.^(Z) They bowed in worship to all the stars in the sky^(AA) and served Baal.^{(AB) 17} They sacrificed their sons and daughters in the fire^[e](AC) and practiced divination and interpreted omens.^(AD) They devoted themselves to do what was evil in the Lord’s sight and angered him.^(AE)

¹⁸ Therefore, the Lord was very angry with Israel, and he removed them from his presence.^(AF) Only the tribe of Judah remained.^{(AG) 19} Even Judah did not keep the commands of the Lord their God^(AH) but lived according to the customs Israel had practiced.^{(AI) 20} So the Lord rejected all the descendants of Israel, punished them, and handed them over to plunderers until he had banished them from his presence.^(AJ)

Summary of Israel’s History

²¹ When the Lord tore^(AK) Israel from the house of David, Israel made Jeroboam son of Nebat king.^(AL) Then Jeroboam led Israel away from following the Lord and caused them to commit grave sin. ²² The Israelites persisted in all the sins that Jeroboam committed and did not turn away from them.^{(AM) 23} Finally, the Lord removed Israel from his presence just as he had declared through all his servants the prophets. So Israel has been exiled to Assyria from their homeland to this very day.^(AN)

Foreign Refugees in Israel

²⁴ Then the king of Assyria brought people from Babylon, Cuthah, Avva, Hamath, and Sepharvaim and settled them in place of the Israelites in the cities of Samaria. The settlers took possession of Samaria and lived in its cities.^{(AO) 25} When they first lived there, they did not fear the Lord. So the Lord sent lions among them, which killed some of them.^{(AP) 26} The settlers said to the king of Assyria, “The nations that you have deported and placed in the cities of Samaria do not know the requirements of the god of the land. Therefore he has sent lions among them that are killing them because the people don’t know the requirements of the god of the land.”

²⁷ Then the king of Assyria issued a command: “Send back one of the priests you deported.^(AQ) Have him go and live there so he can teach them the requirements of the god of the land.” ²⁸ So one of the priests they had deported came and lived in Bethel,^(AR) and he began to teach them how they should fear the Lord.

²⁹ But the people of each nation were still making their own gods in the cities where they lived and putting them in the shrines of the high places that the people of Samaria had made.^{(AS) 30} The men of Babylon made Succoth-benoth, the men of Cuth made Nergal, the men of Hamath made Ashima, ³¹ the Avvites made Nibhaz and Tartak, and the Sepharvites burned their children in the fire^(AT) to Adrammelech and Anammelech, the gods of Sepharvaim. ³² They feared the Lord, but they also made from their ranks priests for the high places, who were working for them at the shrines of the high places.^{(AU) 33} They feared the Lord, but they also worshiped their own gods^(AV) according to the practice of the nations from which they had been deported.

³⁴ They are still observing the former practices to this day. None of them fear the Lord or observe the statutes and ordinances, the law and commandments that the Lord had commanded the descendants of Jacob, whom he had given the name Israel.^{(AW) 35} The Lord made a covenant with Jacob’s descendants and commanded them, “Do not fear other gods; do not bow in worship to them;^(AX) do not serve them; do not sacrifice to them.^{(AY) 36} Instead fear the Lord, who brought you up from the land of Egypt with great power^(AZ) and an outstretched arm.^(BA) You are to bow down to him, and you are to sacrifice to him. ³⁷ You are to be careful always^(BB) to observe the statutes, the ordinances, the law, and the commandments he wrote for you; do not fear other gods. ³⁸ Do not forget the covenant that I have made with you.^(BC) Do not fear other gods, ³⁹ but fear the Lord your God, and he will rescue you from all your enemies.”^(BD)

⁴⁰ However, these nations would not listen but continued observing their former practices. ⁴¹ They feared the Lord but also served their idols. Still today, their children and grandchildren continue doing as their ancestors did.^(BE)

Judah’s King Hezekiah

18 In the third year of Israel’s King Hoshea^(BF) son of Elah, Hezekiah^(BG) son of Ahaz became king of Judah. ² He was twenty-five years old when he became king, and he reigned twenty-nine years in Jerusalem. His mother’s name was Abi^[f] daughter of Zechariah. ³ He did what was right in the Lord’s sight just as his ancestor David had done.^{(BH) 4} He removed the high places, shattered the sacred pillars, and cut down the Asherah poles.^(BI) He broke into pieces the bronze snake that Moses made,^(BJ) for until then the Israelites were burning incense to it. It was called Nehushtan.^[g]

⁵ Hezekiah relied on the Lord God of Israel;^(BK) not one of the kings of Judah was like him, either before him or after him.^{(BL) 6} He remained faithful to the Lord^(BM) and did not turn from following him but kept the commands the Lord had commanded Moses.

⁷ The Lord was with him, and wherever he went he prospered.^(BN) He rebelled against the king of Assyria and did not serve him.^{(BO) 8} He defeated the Philistines as far as Gaza and its borders,^(BP) from watchtower^(BQ) to fortified city.

Review of Israel’s Fall

⁹ In the fourth year of King Hezekiah, which was the seventh year of Israel’s King Hoshea son of Elah, Assyria’s King Shalmaneser marched against Samaria and besieged it.^{(BR) 10} The Assyrians captured it at the end of three years. In the sixth year of Hezekiah, which was the ninth year of Israel’s King Hoshea, Samaria was captured. ¹¹ The king of Assyria deported the Israelites to Assyria and put them in Halah, along the Habor (Gozan’s river), and in the cities of the Medes,^{(BS) 12} because they did not listen to the Lord their God but violated his covenant—all he had commanded Moses the servant of the Lord. They did not listen, and they did not obey.^(BT)

Sennacherib’s Invasion

¹³ In the fourteenth year of King Hezekiah, Assyria’s King Sennacherib attacked all the fortified cities of Judah and captured them.^{(BU) 14} So King Hezekiah of Judah sent word to the king of Assyria at Lachish:^(BV) “I have done wrong;^(BW) withdraw from me. Whatever you demand from me, I will pay.” The king of Assyria demanded eleven tons^[h] of silver and one ton^[i] of gold from King Hezekiah of Judah. ¹⁵ So Hezekiah gave him all the silver found in the Lord’s temple and in the treasuries of the king’s palace.

¹⁶ At that time Hezekiah stripped the gold from the doors of the Lord’s sanctuary and from the doorposts he had overlaid and gave it to the king of Assyria.^(BX)

¹⁷ Then the king of Assyria sent the field marshal,^(BY) the chief of staff, and his royal spokesman, along with a massive army, from Lachish to King Hezekiah at Jerusalem.^(BZ) They advanced and came to Jerusalem, and^[j] they took their position by the aqueduct of the upper pool, by the road to the Launderer’s Field.^{(CA) 18} They called for the king, but Eliakim^(CB) son of Hilkiah, who was in charge of the palace, Shebnah^(CC) the court secretary, and Joah son of Asaph, the court historian, came out to them.^(CD)

The Royal Spokesman’s Speech

¹⁹ Then^(CE) the royal spokesman said to them, “Tell Hezekiah this is what the great king, the king of Assyria, says: ‘What are you relying on?^{[k](CF) 20} You think mere words are strategy and strength for war. Who are you now relying on so that you have rebelled against me?^{(CG) 21} Now look, you are relying on Egypt, that splintered reed of a staff^(CH) that will pierce the hand of anyone who grabs it and leans on it.^(CI) This is what Pharaoh king of Egypt is to all who rely on him. ²² Suppose you say to me, “We rely on the Lord our God.” Isn’t he the one whose high places and altars Hezekiah has removed,^(CJ) saying to Judah and to Jerusalem, “You must worship at this altar in Jerusalem”?’

²³ “So now, make a bargain with my master the king of Assyria. I’ll give you two thousand horses if you’re able to supply riders for them! ²⁴ How then can you drive back a single officer^(CK) among the least of my master’s servants? How can you rely on Egypt for chariots and for horsemen? ²⁵ Now, have I attacked this place to destroy it without the Lord’s approval?^(CL) The Lord said to me, ‘Attack this land and destroy it.’”

²⁶ Then Eliakim son of Hilkiah, Shebnah, and Joah said to the royal spokesman, “Please speak to your servants in Aramaic,^(CM) since we understand it. Don’t speak with us in Hebrew^[l] within earshot of the people on the wall.”

²⁷ But the royal spokesman said to them, “Has my master sent me to speak these words only to your master and to you? Hasn’t he also sent me to the men who sit on the wall, destined with you to eat their own excrement and drink their own urine?” ^(CN)

²⁸ The royal spokesman stood and called out loudly in Hebrew: “Hear the word of the great king, the king of Assyria. ²⁹ This is what the king says: ‘Don’t let Hezekiah deceive^(CO) you; he can’t rescue you from my power.^{(CP) 30} Don’t let Hezekiah persuade you to rely on the Lord by saying, “Certainly the Lord will rescue us! This city will not be handed over to the king of Assyria.”’^(CQ)

³¹ “Don’t listen to Hezekiah, for this is what the king of Assyria says: ‘Make peace^[m] with me and surrender to me. Then each of you may eat from his own vine and his own fig tree,^(CR) and each may drink water from his own cistern ³² until I come and take you away to a land like your own land—a land of grain and new wine, a land of bread and vineyards, a land of olive trees and honey^(CS)—so that you may live^(CT) and not die. But don’t listen to Hezekiah when he misleads you, saying, “The Lord will rescue us.” ³³ Has any of the gods of the nations ever rescued^(CU) his land from the power of the king of Assyria? ³⁴ Where are the gods of Hamath and Arpad? Where are the gods of Sepharvaim, Hena, and Ivvah?^[n] Have they rescued Samaria from my power?^{(CV) 35} Who among all the gods of the lands has rescued his land from my power? So will the Lord rescue Jerusalem from my power?’” ^(CW)

³⁶ But the people kept silent; they did not answer him at all, for the king’s command was, “Don’t answer him.” ³⁷ Then Eliakim son of Hilkiah, who was in charge of the palace, Shebna the court secretary, and Joah son of Asaph, the court historian,^(CX) came to Hezekiah with their clothes torn^(CY) and reported to him the words of the royal spokesman.

Hezekiah Seeks Isaiah’s Counsel

19 When King Hezekiah heard their report, he tore his clothes, covered himself with sackcloth,^(CZ) and went into the Lord’s temple.^{(DA) 2} He sent Eliakim, who was in charge of the palace, Shebna the court secretary,^(DB) and the leading priests, who were covered with sackcloth,^(DC) to the prophet Isaiah^(DD) son of Amoz. ³ They said to him, “This is what Hezekiah says: ‘Today is a day of distress, rebuke, and disgrace, for children have come to the point of birth,^(DE) but there is no strength to deliver them. ⁴ Perhaps the Lord your God^(DF) will hear^(DG) all the words of the royal spokesman, whom his master the king of Assyria sent to mock the living God, and will rebuke^(DH) him for the words that the Lord your God has heard. Therefore, offer a prayer for the surviving remnant.’”^(DI)

⁵ So the servants of King Hezekiah went to Isaiah, ⁶ who said to them, “Tell your master, ‘The Lord says this: Don’t be afraid^(DJ) because of the words you have heard, with which the king of Assyria’s attendants^(DK) have blasphemed^(DL) me. ⁷ I am about to put a spirit in him, and he will hear a rumor and return to his own land,^(DM) where I will cause him to fall by the sword.’”^(DN)

Sennacherib’s Departing Threat

⁸ When^(DO) the royal spokesman heard that the king of Assyria had pulled out of Lachish,^(DP) he left and found him fighting against Libnah.^{(DQ) 9} The king had heard concerning King Tirhakah of Cush, “Look, he has set out to fight against you.” So he again sent messengers to Hezekiah, saying, ¹⁰ “Say this to King Hezekiah of Judah: ‘Don’t let your God, on whom you rely,^(DR) deceive you by promising that Jerusalem will not be handed over to the king of Assyria.^{(DS) 11} Look, you have heard what the kings of Assyria have done to all the countries: They completely destroyed them. Will you be rescued? ¹² Did the gods of the nations^(DT) that my predecessors destroyed rescue them—nations such as Gozan,^(DU) Haran,^(DV) Rezeph, and the Edenites^(DW) in Telassar? ¹³ Where is the king of Hamath, the king of Arpad, the king of the city of^[o] Sepharvaim, Hena, or Ivvah?’” ^(DX)

Hezekiah’s Prayer

¹⁴ Hezekiah took^(DY) the letter^(DZ) from the messengers’ hands, read it, then went up to the Lord’s temple, and spread it out before the Lord.^{(EA) 15} Then Hezekiah prayed before the Lord:

Lord God of Israel, enthroned between the cherubim,^(EB) you are God—you alone—of all the kingdoms of the earth. You made the heavens and the earth.^{(EC) 16} Listen closely, Lord, and hear; open your eyes, Lord, and see.^(ED) Hear the words that Sennacherib has sent to mock the living God.^{(EE) 17} Lord, it is true that the kings of Assyria have devastated the nations and their lands.^{(EF) 18} They have thrown their gods into the fire, for they were not gods but made by human hands—wood and stone.^(EG) So they have destroyed them. ¹⁹ Now, Lord our God, please save us from his power so that all the kingdoms of the earth may know that you, Lord, are God—you alone.^(EH)

God’s Answer through Isaiah

²⁰ Then^(EI) Isaiah son of Amoz sent a message to Hezekiah: “The Lord, the God of Israel says, ‘I have heard your prayer^(EJ) to me about King Sennacherib of Assyria.’^{(EK) 21} This is the word the Lord has spoken against him:

²⁹ “This will be the sign^(EX) for you: This year you will eat what grows on its own, and in the second year what grows from that. But in the third year sow and reap, plant vineyards and eat their fruit. ³⁰ The surviving remnant^(EY) of the house of Judah will again take root downward and bear fruit upward. ³¹ For a remnant will go out from Jerusalem, and survivors, from Mount Zion.^(EZ) The zeal of the Lord of Armies will accomplish this.^(FA)

This is the Lord’s declaration.

Defeat and Death of Sennacherib

³⁵ That night the angel of the Lord went out and struck down one hundred eighty-five thousand in the camp of the Assyrians. When the people got up the next morning—there were all the dead bodies!^{(FD) 36} So King Sennacherib of Assyria broke camp and left. He returned home and lived in Nineveh.^(FE)

³⁷ One day, while he was worshiping in the temple of his god Nisroch, his sons Adrammelech^(FF) and Sharezer struck him down with the sword and escaped to the land of Ararat.^(FG) Then his son Esar-haddon^(FH) became king in his place.

Hezekiah’s Illness and Recovery

20 In those days^(FI) Hezekiah became terminally ill.^(FJ) The prophet Isaiah^(FK) son of Amoz came and said to him, “This is what the Lord says: ‘Set your house in order, for you are about to die; you will not recover.’”^(FL)

² Then Hezekiah turned his face to the wall^(FM) and prayed to the Lord, ³ “Please, Lord, remember^(FN) how I have walked before you faithfully and wholeheartedly and have done what pleases you.”^[s](FO) And Hezekiah wept bitterly.^(FP)

⁴ Isaiah had not yet gone out of the inner courtyard when the word of the Lord came to him: ⁵ “Go back and tell Hezekiah, the leader^(FQ) of my people, ‘This is what the Lord God of your ancestor David says: I have heard your prayer;^(FR) I have seen your tears. Look, I will heal you. On the third day from now you will go up to the Lord’s temple. ⁶ I will add fifteen years to your life. I will rescue you and this city from the grasp of the king of Assyria. I will defend this city for my sake and for the sake of my servant David.’”^(FS)

⁷ Then Isaiah said, “Bring a lump of pressed figs.” So they brought it and applied it to his infected skin, and he recovered.^(FT)

⁸ Hezekiah had asked Isaiah, “What is the sign^(FU) that the Lord will heal me and that I will go up to the Lord’s temple on the third day?”

⁹ Isaiah said, “This is the sign^(FV) to you from the Lord that he will do what he has promised: Should the shadow go ahead ten steps or go back ten steps?”

¹⁰ Then Hezekiah answered, “It’s easy for the shadow to lengthen ten steps. No, let the shadow go back ten steps.” ¹¹ So the prophet Isaiah called out to the Lord, and he brought the shadow^[t] back the ten steps it had descended on the stairway of Ahaz.^[u](FW)

Hezekiah’s Folly

¹² At that time^(FX) Merodach-baladan^[v] son of Baladan, king of Babylon, sent letters and a gift to Hezekiah since he heard that he had been sick. ¹³ Hezekiah listened to the letters and showed the envoys his whole treasure house—the silver, the gold, the spices, and the precious oil—and his armory, and everything that was found in his treasuries. There was nothing in his palace and in all his realm that Hezekiah did not show them.^(FY)

¹⁴ Then the prophet Isaiah came to King Hezekiah and asked him, “Where did these men come from and what did they say to you?”

Hezekiah replied, “They came from a distant country, from Babylon.”

¹⁵ Isaiah asked, “What have they seen in your palace?”

Hezekiah answered, “They have seen everything in my palace. There isn’t anything in my treasuries that I didn’t show them.”

¹⁶ Then Isaiah said to Hezekiah, “Hear the word of the Lord: ¹⁷ ‘Look, the days are coming when everything in your palace and all that your predecessors have stored up until today will be carried off to Babylon; nothing will be left,’^(FZ) says the Lord. ¹⁸ ‘Some of your descendants—who come from you, whom you father—will be taken away,^(GA) and they will become eunuchs^[w] in the palace of the king of Babylon.’”^(GB)

¹⁹ Then Hezekiah said to Isaiah, “The word of the Lord that you have spoken is good,”^(GC) for he thought, “Why not, if there will be peace and security during my lifetime?”

Hezekiah’s Death

²⁰ The rest of the events of Hezekiah’s reign, along with all his might and how he made the pool^(GD) and the tunnel and brought water into the city,^(GE) are written in the Historical Record of Judah’s Kings.^{(GF) 21} Hezekiah rested with his ancestors, and his son Manasseh became king in his place.^(GG)

Judah’s King Manasseh

21 Manasseh^(GH) was twelve years old when he became king, and he reigned fifty-five years in Jerusalem. His mother’s name was Hephzibah.^{(GI) 2} He did what was evil in the Lord’s sight,^(GJ) imitating the detestable practices of the nations that the Lord had dispossessed before the Israelites.^{(GK) 3} He rebuilt the high places that his father Hezekiah had destroyed^(GL) and reestablished the altars for Baal. He made an Asherah,^(GM) as King Ahab of Israel had done;^(GN) he also bowed in worship to all the stars in the sky^(GO) and served them. ⁴ He built altars in the Lord’s temple,^(GP) where the Lord had said, “Jerusalem is where I will put my name.”^{(GQ) 5} He built altars to all the stars in the sky^(GR) in both courtyards of the Lord’s temple.^{(GS) 6} He sacrificed his son in the fire,^[x](GT) practiced witchcraft and divination, and consulted mediums and spiritists.^(GU) He did a huge amount of evil in the Lord’s sight, angering him.^(GV)

⁷ Manasseh set up the carved image of Asherah, which he made, in the temple that the Lord had spoken about to David and his son Solomon: “I will establish my name forever in this temple and in Jerusalem, which I have chosen out of all the tribes of Israel.^{(GW) 8} I will never again cause the feet of the Israelites to wander from the land I gave to their ancestors if only they will be careful to do all I have commanded them—the whole law that my servant Moses commanded them.”^{(GX) 9} But they did not listen; Manasseh caused them to stray so that they did worse evil than the nations the Lord had destroyed before the Israelites.^(GY)

¹⁰ The Lord said through his servants the prophets, ¹¹ “Since King Manasseh of Judah has committed all these detestable acts^(GZ)—worse evil than the Amorites^(HA) who preceded him had done—and by means of his idols has also caused Judah to sin, ¹² this is what the Lord God of Israel says: ‘I am about to bring such a disaster on Jerusalem and Judah that everyone who hears about it will shudder.^{[y](HB) 13} I will stretch over Jerusalem the measuring line used on Samaria and the mason’s level used on the house of Ahab,^(HC) and I will wipe^(HD) Jerusalem clean as one wipes a bowl—wiping it and turning it upside down. ¹⁴ I will abandon the remnant^(HE) of my inheritance and hand them over to their enemies. They will become plunder and spoil to all their enemies, ¹⁵ because they have done what is evil in my sight and have angered me from the day their ancestors came out of Egypt until today.’”^(HF)

¹⁶ Manasseh also shed so much innocent blood that he filled Jerusalem with it from one end to another.^(HG) This was in addition to his sin that he caused Judah to commit, so that they did what was evil in the Lord’s sight.

Manasseh’s Death

¹⁷ The rest^(HH) of the events of Manasseh’s reign, along with all his accomplishments and the sin that he committed, are written in the Historical Record of Judah’s Kings.^{(HI) 18} Manasseh rested with his ancestors and was buried in the garden of his own house, the garden of Uzza. His son Amon became king in his place.

Judah’s King Amon

¹⁹ Amon was twenty-two years old when he became king,^(HJ) and he reigned two years in Jerusalem. His mother’s name was Meshullemeth daughter of Haruz; she was from Jotbah. ²⁰ He did what was evil in the Lord’s sight, just as his father Manasseh had done.^{(HK) 21} He walked in all the ways his father had walked; he served the idols his father had served, and he bowed in worship to them.^{(HL) 22} He abandoned the Lord God of his ancestors^(HM) and did not walk in the ways of the Lord.^(HN)

²³ Amon’s servants conspired against him and put the king to death in his own house.^{(HO) 24} The common people^[z] killed^(HP) all who had conspired against King Amon, and they made his son Josiah^(HQ) king in his place.

²⁵ The rest of the events of Amon’s reign, along with his accomplishments, are written in the Historical Record of Judah’s Kings. ²⁶ He was buried in his tomb in the garden of Uzza, and his son Josiah became king in his place.