1 Samuel 17-21

English Standard Version

David and Goliath

17 Now the Philistines ^(A)gathered their armies for battle. And they were gathered at ^(B)Socoh, which belongs to Judah, and encamped between Socoh and ^(C)Azekah, in ^(D)Ephes-dammim. ² And Saul and the men of Israel were gathered, and encamped in ^(E)the Valley of Elah, and drew up in line of battle against the Philistines. ³ And the Philistines stood on the mountain on the one side, and Israel stood on the mountain on the other side, with a valley between them. ⁴ And there came out from the camp of the Philistines a champion named ^(F)Goliath of ^(G)Gath, whose height was six^[a] cubits^[b] and a span. ⁵ He had a helmet of bronze on his head, and he was armed with a coat of mail, and the weight of the coat was five thousand shekels^[c] of bronze. ⁶ And he had bronze armor on his legs, and a ^(H)javelin of bronze slung between his shoulders. ⁷ The shaft of his spear was like a weaver's beam, and his spear's head weighed six hundred shekels of iron. ^(I)And his shield-bearer went before him. ⁸ He stood and shouted to the ranks of Israel, “Why have you come out to draw up for battle? Am I not a Philistine, and ^(J)are you not servants of Saul? Choose a man for yourselves, and let him come down to me. ⁹ If he is able to fight with me and kill me, then we will be your servants. But if I prevail against him and kill him, then you shall be our servants ^(K)and serve us.” ¹⁰ And the Philistine said, ^(L)“I defy the ranks of Israel this day. Give me a man, that we may fight together.” ¹¹ When Saul and all Israel heard these words of the Philistine, they were dismayed and greatly afraid.

¹² Now David was ^(M)the son of an ^(N)Ephrathite of Bethlehem in Judah, ^(O)named Jesse, ^(P)who had eight sons. In the days of Saul the man was already old and advanced in years.^{[d] 13} The three oldest sons of Jesse had followed Saul to the battle. And ^(Q)the names of his three sons who went to the battle were Eliab the firstborn, and next to him Abinadab, and the third Shammah. ^14 (R)David was the youngest. The three eldest followed Saul, ¹⁵ but David went back and forth from Saul ^(S)to feed his father's sheep at Bethlehem. ¹⁶ For forty days the Philistine came forward and took his stand, morning and evening.

¹⁷ And Jesse said to David his son, “Take for your brothers an ephah^[e] of this parched grain, and these ten loaves, and carry them quickly to the camp to your brothers. ^18 (T)Also take these ten cheeses to the commander of their thousand. ^(U)See if your brothers are well, and bring some token from them.”

¹⁹ Now Saul and they and all the men of Israel were in the Valley of Elah, fighting with the Philistines. ²⁰ And David rose early in the morning and left the sheep with a keeper and took the provisions and went, as Jesse had commanded him. And he came to ^(V)the encampment as the host was going out to the battle line, shouting the war cry. ²¹ And Israel and the Philistines drew up for battle, army against army. ²² And David left the ^(W)things in charge of the keeper of the ^(X)baggage and ran to the ranks and went and greeted his brothers. ²³ As he talked with them, behold, ^(Y)the champion, the Philistine of Gath, Goliath by name, came up out of the ranks of the Philistines and spoke ^(Z)the same words as before. And David heard him.

²⁴ All the men of Israel, when they saw the man, fled from him and were much afraid. ²⁵ And the men of Israel said, “Have you seen this man who has come up? Surely he has come up to ^(AA)defy Israel. And the king will enrich the man who kills him with great riches ^(AB)and will give him his daughter and make his father's house free in Israel.” ²⁶ And David said to the men who stood by him, “What shall be done for the man who kills this Philistine and takes away ^(AC)the reproach from Israel? For who is this ^(AD)uncircumcised Philistine, that he should ^(AE)defy the armies of ^(AF)the living God?” ²⁷ And the people answered him in the same way, ^(AG)“So shall it be done to the man who kills him.”

²⁸ Now Eliab his eldest brother heard when he spoke to the men. And Eliab's anger was kindled against David, and he said, “Why have you come down? And with whom have you left those few sheep in the wilderness? I know your presumption and the evil of your heart, for you have come down to see the battle.” ²⁹ And David said, “What have I done now? Was it not but a word?” ³⁰ And he turned away from him toward another, and spoke ^(AH)in the same way, and the people answered him again as before.

³¹ When the words that David spoke were heard, they repeated them before Saul, and he sent for him. ³² And David said to Saul, ^(AI)“Let no man's heart fail because of him. ^(AJ)Your servant will go and fight with this Philistine.” ³³ And Saul said to David, “You are not able to go against this Philistine to fight with him, for you are but a youth, and he has been a man of war from his youth.” ³⁴ But David said to Saul, “Your servant used to keep sheep for his father. And when there came a lion, or a bear, and took a lamb from the flock, ³⁵ I went after him and struck him and delivered it out of his mouth. And if he arose against me, I caught him by his beard and struck him and killed him. ³⁶ Your servant has struck down both lions and bears, and this uncircumcised Philistine shall be like one of them, ^(AK)for he has defied the armies of the living God.” ³⁷ And David said, ^(AL)“The Lord who delivered me from the paw of the lion and from the paw of the bear will deliver me from the hand of this Philistine.” And Saul said to David, “Go, ^(AM)and the Lord be with you!”

³⁸ Then Saul clothed David with his armor. He put a helmet of bronze on his head and clothed him with a coat of mail, ³⁹ and David strapped his sword over his armor. And he tried in vain to go, for he had not tested them. Then David said to Saul, “I cannot go with these, for I have not tested them.” So David put them off. ⁴⁰ Then he took his staff in his hand and chose five smooth stones from the brook and put them in his shepherd's pouch. His sling was in his hand, and he approached the Philistine.

⁴¹ And the Philistine moved forward and came near to David, ^(AN)with his shield-bearer in front of him. ⁴² And when the Philistine looked and saw David, he disdained him, for he was but a youth, ^(AO)ruddy and handsome in appearance. ⁴³ And the Philistine said to David, “Am I ^(AP)a dog, that you come to me with sticks?” And the Philistine cursed David by his gods. ⁴⁴ The Philistine said to David, “Come to me, and I will give your flesh ^(AQ)to the birds of the air and to the beasts of the field.” ⁴⁵ Then David said to the Philistine, “You come to me with a sword and with a spear and with ^(AR)a javelin, but I come to you in the name of the Lord of hosts, the God of the armies of Israel, ^(AS)whom you have defied. ⁴⁶ This day the Lord will deliver you into my hand, and I will strike you down and cut off your head. ^(AT)And I will give the dead bodies of the host of the Philistines this day ^(AU)to the birds of the air and to the wild beasts of the earth, ^(AV)that all the earth may know that there is a God in Israel, ⁴⁷ and that all this assembly may know that ^(AW)the Lord saves not with sword and spear. ^(AX)For the battle is the Lord's, and he will give you into our hand.”

⁴⁸ When the Philistine arose and came and drew near to meet David, David ran quickly toward the battle line to meet the Philistine. ⁴⁹ And David put his hand in his bag and took out a stone and slung it and struck the Philistine on his forehead. The stone sank into his forehead, and he fell on his face to the ground.

⁵⁰ So David prevailed over the Philistine with a sling and with a stone, and struck the Philistine and killed him. There was no sword in the hand of David. ⁵¹ Then David ran and stood over the Philistine ^(AY)and took his sword and drew it out of its sheath and killed him and cut off his head with it. When the Philistines saw that their champion was dead, ^(AZ)they fled. ⁵² And the men of Israel and Judah rose with a shout and pursued the Philistines as far as Gath^[f] and the gates of ^(BA)Ekron, so that the wounded Philistines fell on the way from ^(BB)Shaaraim as far as ^(BC)Gath and Ekron. ⁵³ And the people of Israel came back from chasing the Philistines, and they plundered their camp. ⁵⁴ And David took ^(BD)the head of the Philistine ^(BE)and brought it to Jerusalem, but he put his armor in his tent.

⁵⁵ As soon as Saul saw David go out against the Philistine, he said to Abner, ^(BF)the commander of the army, “Abner, ^(BG)whose son is this youth?” And Abner said, ^(BH)“As your soul lives, O king, I do not know.” ⁵⁶ And the king said, “Inquire whose son the boy is.” ⁵⁷ And as soon as David returned from the striking down of the Philistine, Abner took him, and brought him before Saul ^(BI)with the head of the Philistine in his hand. ⁵⁸ And Saul said to him, “Whose son are you, young man?” And David answered, ^(BJ)“I am the son of your servant Jesse the Bethlehemite.”

David and Jonathan's Friendship

18 As soon as he had finished speaking to Saul, the soul of Jonathan was knit to the soul of David, and Jonathan ^(BK)loved him as his own soul. ² And Saul took him that day ^(BL)and would not let him return to his father's house. ³ Then Jonathan made a covenant with David, because ^(BM)he loved him as his own soul. ⁴ And Jonathan stripped himself of the robe that was on him and gave it to David, and his armor, and even his sword and his bow and his belt. ⁵ And David went out ^(BN)and was successful wherever Saul sent him, so that Saul set him over the men of war. And this was good in the sight of all the people and also in the sight of Saul's servants.

Saul's Jealousy of David

⁶ As they were coming home, when David returned from striking down the Philistine, ^(BO)the women came out of all the cities of Israel, singing and dancing, to meet King Saul, with tambourines, with songs of joy, and with musical instruments.^{[g] 7} And the women ^(BP)sang to one another as they celebrated,

⁸ And Saul was very angry, and this saying displeased him. He said, “They have ascribed to David ten thousands, and to me they have ascribed thousands, and what more can he have but ^(BR)the kingdom?” ⁹ And Saul eyed David from that day on.

¹⁰ The next day ^(BS)a harmful spirit from God rushed upon Saul, and ^(BT)he raved within his house while David was ^(BU)playing the lyre, as he did day by day. ^(BV)Saul had his spear in his hand. ¹¹ And Saul ^(BW)hurled the spear, for he thought, “I will pin David to the wall.” But David evaded him twice.

^12 (BX)Saul was afraid of David because ^(BY)the Lord was with him ^(BZ)but had departed from Saul. ¹³ So Saul removed him from his presence and made him a commander of a thousand. ^(CA)And he went out and came in before the people. ¹⁴ And David ^(CB)had success in all his undertakings, ^(CC)for the Lord was with him. ¹⁵ And when Saul saw that ^(CD)he had great success, he stood in fearful awe of him. ^16 (CE)But all Israel and Judah loved David, for he went out and came in before them.

David Marries Michal

¹⁷ Then Saul said to David, “Here is ^(CF)my elder daughter Merab. ^(CG)I will give her to you for a wife. Only be valiant for me ^(CH)and fight the Lord's battles.” For Saul thought, “Let not my hand be against him, ^(CI)but let the hand of the Philistines be against him.” ¹⁸ And David said to Saul, ^(CJ)“Who am I, and who are my relatives, my father's clan in Israel, that I should be son-in-law to the king?” ¹⁹ But at the time when Merab, Saul's daughter, should have been given to David, she was given to ^(CK)Adriel the ^(CL)Meholathite for a wife.

²⁰ Now ^(CM)Saul's daughter Michal ^(CN)loved David. And they told Saul, and the thing pleased him. ²¹ Saul thought, “Let me give her to him, that she may ^(CO)be a snare for him ^(CP)and that the hand of the Philistines may be against him.” Therefore Saul said to David a second time,^{[h] (CQ)}“You shall now be my son-in-law.” ²² And Saul commanded his servants, “Speak to David in private and say, ‘Behold, the king has delight in you, and all his servants love you. Now then become the king's son-in-law.’” ²³ And Saul's servants spoke those words in the ears of David. And David said, ^(CR)“Does it seem to you a little thing to become the king's son-in-law, since I am a poor man and have no reputation?” ²⁴ And the servants of Saul told him, “Thus and so did David speak.” ²⁵ Then Saul said, “Thus shall you say to David, ‘The king desires no ^(CS)bride-price except a hundred foreskins of the Philistines, ^(CT)that he may be avenged of the king's enemies.’” ^(CU)Now Saul thought to make David fall by the hand of the Philistines. ²⁶ And when his servants told David these words, it pleased David well to be the king's son-in-law. ^(CV)Before the time had expired, ²⁷ David arose and went, ^(CW)along with his men, and killed two hundred of the Philistines. ^(CX)And David brought their foreskins, which were given in full number to the king, that he might become the king's son-in-law. And Saul gave him his daughter Michal for a wife. ²⁸ But when Saul saw and knew that ^(CY)the Lord was with David, ^(CZ)and that Michal, Saul's daughter, loved him, ²⁹ Saul was even more afraid of David. So Saul was David's enemy continually.

^30 (DA)Then the commanders of the Philistines came out to battle, and as often as they came out ^(DB)David had more success than all the servants of Saul, so that his name was highly esteemed.

Saul Tries to Kill David

19 And Saul spoke to Jonathan his son and to all his servants, that they should kill David. ^(DC)But Jonathan, Saul's son, delighted much in David. ² And Jonathan told David, “Saul my father seeks to kill you. Therefore be on your guard in the morning. Stay in a secret place and hide yourself. ³ And I will go out and stand beside my father in the field where you are, and I will speak to my father about you. And if I learn anything I will tell you.” ⁴ And Jonathan spoke well of David to Saul his father and said to him, “Let not the king ^(DD)sin against his servant David, because he has not sinned against you, and because his deeds have brought good to you. ⁵ For ^(DE)he took his life in his hand ^(DF)and he struck down the Philistine, ^(DG)and the Lord worked a great salvation for all Israel. You saw it, and rejoiced. Why then will you sin against ^(DH)innocent blood by killing David without cause?” ⁶ And Saul listened to the voice of Jonathan. Saul swore, ^(DI)“As the Lord lives, he shall not be put to death.” ⁷ And Jonathan called David, and Jonathan reported to him all these things. And Jonathan brought David to Saul, and he was in his presence ^(DJ)as before.

⁸ And there was war again. And David went out and fought with the Philistines and struck them with a great blow, so that they fled before him. ^9 (DK)Then a harmful spirit from the Lord came upon Saul, as he sat in his house with his spear in his hand. ^(DL)And David was playing the lyre. ^10 (DM)And Saul sought to pin David to the wall with the spear, but he eluded Saul, so that he struck the spear into the wall. And David fled and escaped that night.

^11 (DN)Saul sent messengers to David's house to watch him, that he might kill him in the morning. But Michal, David's wife, told him, “If you do not escape with your life tonight, tomorrow you will be killed.” ^12 (DO)So Michal let David down through the window, and he fled away and escaped. ¹³ Michal took ^(DP)an image^[i] and laid it on the bed and put a pillow of goats' hair at its head and covered it with the clothes. ¹⁴ And when Saul sent messengers to take David, she said, “He is sick.” ¹⁵ Then Saul sent the messengers to see David, saying, “Bring him up to me in the bed, that I may kill him.” ¹⁶ And when the messengers came in, behold, ^(DQ)the image was in the bed, with the pillow of goats' hair at its head. ¹⁷ Saul said to Michal, “Why have you deceived me thus and let my enemy go, so that he has escaped?” And Michal answered Saul, “He said to me, ‘Let me go. ^(DR)Why should I kill you?’”

¹⁸ Now David fled and escaped, and he came to Samuel at ^(DS)Ramah and told him all that Saul had done to him. And he and Samuel went and lived at Naioth. ¹⁹ And it was told Saul, “Behold, David is at Naioth in Ramah.” ²⁰ Then Saul sent messengers to take David, and when they saw the company of the prophets prophesying, and Samuel standing as head over them, ^(DT)the Spirit of God came upon the messengers of Saul, ^(DU)and they also prophesied. ²¹ When it was told Saul, he sent other messengers, ^(DV)and they also prophesied. And Saul sent messengers again the third time, ^(DW)and they also prophesied. ²² Then he himself went to Ramah and came to the great well that is in Secu. And he asked, “Where are Samuel and David?” And one said, “Behold, they are at Naioth in ^(DX)Ramah.” ²³ And he went there to Naioth in Ramah. ^(DY)And the Spirit of God came upon him also, and as he went he prophesied until he came to Naioth in Ramah. ^24 (DZ)And he too stripped off his clothes, and he too prophesied before Samuel and lay naked all that day and all that night. Thus it is said, ^(EA)“Is Saul also among the prophets?”

Jonathan Warns David

20 Then David fled from Naioth ^(EB)in Ramah and came and said before Jonathan, “What have I done? What is my guilt? And what is my sin before your father, that he seeks my life?” ² And he said to him, “Far from it! You shall not die. Behold, my father does nothing either great or small without disclosing it to me. And why should my father hide this from me? It is not so.” ³ But David vowed again, saying, “Your father knows well that ^(EC)I have found favor in your eyes, and he thinks, ‘Do not let Jonathan know this, lest he be grieved.’ But truly, ^(ED)as the Lord lives and ^(EE)as your soul lives, there is but a step between me and death.” ⁴ Then Jonathan said to David, “Whatever you say, I will do for you.” ⁵ David said to Jonathan, “Behold, tomorrow is ^(EF)the new moon, and I should not fail to sit at table with the king. But let me go, ^(EG)that I may hide myself in the field till the third day at evening. ^6 (EH)If your father misses me at all, then say, ‘David earnestly asked leave of me to run ^(EI)to Bethlehem his city, for there is a yearly ^(EJ)sacrifice there for all the clan.’ ⁷ If he says, ‘Good!’ it will be well with your servant, but if he is angry, then know that ^(EK)harm is determined by him. ⁸ Therefore deal kindly with your servant, ^(EL)for you have brought your servant into a covenant of the Lord with you. ^(EM)But if there is guilt in me, kill me yourself, for why should you bring me to your father?” ⁹ And Jonathan said, “Far be it from you! If I knew that ^(EN)it was determined by my father that harm should come to you, would I not tell you?” ¹⁰ Then David said to Jonathan, “Who will tell me if your father answers you roughly?” ¹¹ And Jonathan said to David, “Come, let us go out into the field.” So they both went out into the field.

¹² And Jonathan said to David, “The Lord, the God of Israel, be witness!^[j] When I have sounded out my father, about this time tomorrow, or the third day, behold, if he is well disposed toward David, shall I not then send and disclose it to you? ¹³ But should it please my father to do you harm, ^(EO)the Lord do so to Jonathan and more also if I do not disclose it to you and send you away, that you may go in safety. ^(EP)May the Lord be with you, as he has been with my father. ¹⁴ If I am still alive, show me the steadfast love of the Lord, that I may not die; ^15 (EQ)and do not cut off^[k] your steadfast love from my house forever, when the Lord cuts off every one of the enemies of David from the face of the earth.” ¹⁶ And Jonathan made a covenant with the house of David, saying, ^(ER)“May^[l] the Lord take vengeance on David's enemies.” ¹⁷ And Jonathan made David swear again by his love for him, ^(ES)for he loved him as he loved his own soul.

¹⁸ Then Jonathan said to him, ^(ET)“Tomorrow is the new moon, and ^(EU)you will be missed, because ^(EV)your seat will be empty. ¹⁹ On the third day go down quickly to the place where you hid yourself when the matter was in hand, and remain beside the stone heap.^{[m] 20} And I will shoot three arrows to the side of it, as though I shot at a mark. ²¹ And behold, I will send the boy, saying, ‘Go, find the arrows.’ If I say to the boy, ‘Look, the arrows are on this side of you, take them,’ then you are to come, for, ^(EW)as the Lord lives, it is safe for you and there is no danger. ²² But if I say to the youth, ^(EX)‘Look, the arrows are beyond you,’ then go, for the Lord has sent you away. ^23 (EY)And as for the matter of which you and I have spoken, behold, ^(EZ)the Lord is between you and me forever.”

²⁴ So David hid himself in the field. And when the new moon came, the king sat down to eat food. ²⁵ The king sat on his seat, as at other times, on the seat by the wall. Jonathan sat opposite,^[n] and Abner sat by Saul's side, ^(FA)but David's place was empty.

²⁶ Yet Saul did not say anything that day, for he thought, “Something has happened to him. ^(FB)He is not clean; surely he is not clean.” ²⁷ But on ^(FC)the second day, the day after the new moon, ^(FD)David's place was empty. And Saul said to Jonathan his son, “Why has not the son of Jesse come to the meal, either yesterday or today?” ²⁸ Jonathan answered Saul, ^(FE)“David earnestly asked leave of me to go to Bethlehem. ²⁹ He said, ‘Let me go, for our clan holds a sacrifice in the city, and my brother has commanded me to be there. So now, if I have found favor in your eyes, let me get away and see my brothers.’ For this reason he has not come to the king's table.”

³⁰ Then Saul's anger was kindled against Jonathan, and he said to him, “You son of a perverse, rebellious woman, do I not know that you have chosen the son of Jesse to your own shame, and to the shame of your mother's nakedness? ³¹ For as long as the son of Jesse lives on the earth, neither you nor your kingdom shall be established. Therefore send and bring him to me, for he shall surely die.” ³² Then Jonathan answered Saul his father, ^(FF)“Why should he be put to death? What has he done?” ^33 (FG)But Saul hurled his spear at him to strike him. So Jonathan knew ^(FH)that his father was determined to put David to death. ³⁴ And Jonathan rose from the table in fierce anger and ate no food the second day of the month, for he was grieved for David, because his father had disgraced him.

³⁵ In the morning Jonathan went out into the field to the appointment with David, and with him a little boy. ³⁶ And he said to his boy, “Run and find the arrows that I shoot.” As the boy ran, he shot an arrow beyond him. ³⁷ And when the boy came to the place of the arrow that Jonathan had shot, Jonathan called after the boy and said, ^(FI)“Is not the arrow beyond you?” ³⁸ And Jonathan called after the boy, “Hurry! Be quick! Do not stay!” So Jonathan's boy gathered up the arrows and came to his master. ³⁹ But the boy knew nothing. Only Jonathan and David knew the matter. ⁴⁰ And Jonathan gave his weapons to his boy and said to him, “Go and carry them to the city.” ⁴¹ And as soon as the boy had gone, David rose from beside the stone heap^[o] and fell on his face to the ground and bowed three times. And they kissed one another and wept with one another, David weeping the most. ⁴² Then Jonathan said to David, ^(FJ)“Go in peace, because we have sworn both of us in the name of the Lord, saying, ^(FK)‘The Lord shall be between me and you, ^(FL)and between my offspring and your offspring, forever.’” And he rose and departed, and Jonathan went into the city.^[p]

David and the Holy Bread

21 ^[q] Then David came to ^(FM)Nob, to ^(FN)Ahimelech the priest. And Ahimelech ^(FO)came to meet David, trembling, and said to him, “Why are you alone, and no one with you?” ² And David said to Ahimelech the priest, “The king has charged me with a matter and said to me, ‘Let no one know anything of the matter about which I send you, and with which I have charged you.’ I have made an appointment with the young men for such and such a place. ³ Now then, what do you have on hand? Give me five loaves of bread, or whatever is here.” ⁴ And the priest answered David, “I have no common bread on hand, but there is ^(FP)holy bread—^(FQ)if the young men have kept themselves from women.” ⁵ And David answered the priest, “Truly women have been kept from us as always when I go on an expedition. The vessels of the young men are holy even when it is an ordinary journey. How much more today will their vessels be holy?” ⁶ So the priest gave him ^(FR)the holy bread, for there was no bread there but the bread of the Presence, ^(FS)which is removed from before the Lord, to be replaced by hot bread on the day it is taken away.

⁷ Now a certain man of the servants of Saul was there that day, detained before the Lord. His name was ^(FT)Doeg the Edomite, the chief of Saul's herdsmen.

⁸ Then David said to Ahimelech, “Then have you not here a spear or a sword at hand? For I have brought neither my sword nor my weapons with me, because the king's business required haste.” ⁹ And the priest said, ^(FU)“The sword of Goliath the Philistine, whom you struck down in ^(FV)the Valley of Elah, behold, it is here wrapped in a cloth behind the ephod. If you will take that, take it, for there is none but that here.” And David said, “There is none like that; give it to me.”

David Flees to Gath

¹⁰ And David rose and fled that day from Saul and went to ^(FW)Achish the king of Gath. ¹¹ And the servants of Achish said to him, “Is not this David the king of the land? ^(FX)Did they not sing to one another of him in dances,

¹² And David ^(FY)took these words to heart and was much afraid of Achish the king of Gath. ¹³ So he changed his behavior before them and pretended to be insane in their hands and made marks on the doors of the gate and let his spittle run down his beard. ¹⁴ Then Achish said to his servants, “Behold, you see the man is mad. Why then have you brought him to me? ¹⁵ Do I lack madmen, that you have brought this fellow to behave as a madman in my presence? Shall this fellow come into my house?”