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The way we may be sure[a] that we know him is to keep his commandments.(A) Whoever says, “I know him,” but does not keep his commandments is a liar, and the truth is not in him.(B) But whoever keeps his word, the love of God is truly perfected in him. This is the way we may know that we are in union with him:(C) whoever claims to abide in him ought to live [just] as he lived.

The New Commandment.[b] Beloved, I am writing no new commandment to you but an old commandment that you had from the beginning. The old commandment is the word that you have heard.(D) And yet I do write a new commandment to you, which holds true in him and among you,[c] for the darkness is passing away, and the true light is already shining.(E) Whoever says he is in the light, yet hates his brother, is still in the darkness.(F) 10 Whoever loves his brother remains in the light, and there is nothing in him to cause a fall.(G) 11 Whoever hates his brother is in darkness; he walks in darkness and does not know where he is going because the darkness has blinded his eyes.

Members of the Community.[d]

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Footnotes

  1. 2:3–6 The way we may be sure: to those who claim, “I have known Christ and therefore I know him,” our author insists on not mere intellectual knowledge but obedience to God’s commandments in a life conformed to the example of Christ; this confirms our knowledge of him and is the love of God…perfected. Disparity between moral life and the commandments proves improper belief.
  2. 2:7–11 The author expresses the continuity and freshness of mutual charity in Christian experience. Through Christ the commandment of love has become the light defeating the darkness of evil in a new age. All hatred as darkness is incompatible with the light and Christian life. Note also the characteristic Johannine polemic in which a positive assertion is emphasized by the negative statement of its opposite.
  3. 2:8 Which holds true in him and among you: literally, “a thing that holds true in him and in you.”
  4. 2:12–17 The Christian community that has experienced the grace of God through forgiveness of sin and knowledge of Christ is armed against the evil one.