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유대 사람들이 바울을 고발하다

24 닷새 뒤에 대제사장 아나니아가 가이사랴로 내려왔다. 아나니아는 장로 몇 사람과 더둘로라는 법률가도 데리고 왔다. 총독 앞에서 바울을 고발하려는 것이었다. 이들이 모인 자리로 바울이 불려 나오자, 더둘로가 고발하기 시작하였다.

“존경하는 벨릭스 각하, 우리는 각하 덕분에 오랫동안 평화를 누려 왔습니다. 그리고 앞을 내다보시는 각하의 슬기 덕택으로 이 나라에서 많은 개혁이 이루어졌습니다. 우리는 언제 어디서나 이러한 사실을 인정하며 각하께 지극히 감사하고 있습니다. 긴 말로 각하의 귀중한 시간을 빼앗지 않으려 합니다. 그러니 잠깐만 제 말을 들어 주시기 바랍니다. 우리는 이 사람이 말썽꾼으로서, 온 세상에 퍼져 살고 있는 유대 사람들 사이에서 소동을 일으키고 있다는 것을 알았습니다. 그리고 이 사람이 나사렛 종파[a]의 우두머리라는 것도 알았습니다. 또 그가 성전까지 더럽히려고 하기에, 우리가 그를 붙잡았습니다.[b] 각하께서 그를 직접 심문해 보시면, 우리가 그를 고발하는 것들이 다 사실이라는 것을 아시게 될 것입니다.” 그러자 유대 사람들이 하나같이 그 말이 사실이라고 주장하였다.

바울, 벨릭스 앞에서 자신을 변호하다

10 총독이 몸짓으로 바울에게 말하라고 하자 바울이 말을 시작하였다. “각하께서 여러 해 동안 이 나라의 재판관으로 계시다는 사실을 저는 알고 있습니다. 그래서 저는 기쁜 마음으로 제 자신을 변호하겠습니다. 11 각하께서 확인해 보면 아시겠지만, 제가 예배를 드리기 위해서 예루살렘으로 올라간 것은 겨우 열이틀 전이었습니다. 12 그리고 저를 고발한 사람들은 제가 성전에서 어느 누구와도 말다툼하는 것을 보지 못하였습니다. 제가 회당이나 그들의 도시 어느 곳에서도 사람들을 부추기는 것을 본 적도 없습니다. 13 또 그들은 제가 한 일을 들어 각하께 고발하지만, 각하께 그 증거를 제시할 수는 없습니다. 14 그러나 제가 이것은 인정합니다. 곧 제가, 그들이 이단[c]이라고 하는 예수의 도를 따라서, 우리 조상의 하나님을 섬긴다는 것과, 율법과 예언서에 쓰여 있는 모든 것을 믿는다는 사실입니다. 15 그리고 저는 하나님께 희망을 두고 있는데, 저를 고발한 이 사람들도 저와 같은 희망을 가지고 있습니다. 그 희망이란, 앞으로 의로운 사람들이나 악한 사람들이나 모두 죽었다가 다시 살아나리라는 것입니다. 16 그러므로 저 자신도 하나님과 사람들 앞에서 언제나 깨끗한 양심을 가지려고 힘쓰고 있습니다.

17 저는 여러 해 동안 예루살렘을 떠나 있었습니다. 그러다가 제 민족에게 구호금을 전달하고 하나님께 제물을 바치기 위해서 여러 해 만에 돌아왔습니다. 18 저를 고발하는 자들이 성전 뜰에서 저를 보았을 때, 저는 정결 예식[d]을 마치느라 절차에 따라 제물을 바치고 있었습니다. 그때 제 곁에 많은 사람이 있지도 않았고, 제가 어떤 소동에 휘말려 있지도 않았습니다. 19 그 자리에는 아시아[e]에서 온 몇몇 유대 사람들이 있었습니다. 만일 그들이 저를 고발할 것이 있다면, 그 사람들이 지금 각하 앞에 나와서 고발해야 마땅합니다. 20 또는, 오늘 이 자리에 나와 있는 이 사람들이, 제가 의회[f] 앞에 섰을 때에 제게서 무슨 잘못을 찾아냈는지 말해야 할 것입니다. 21 저는 그들 앞에 섰을 때 ‘나는 오늘 죽은 사람이 다시 살아나는 문제 때문에 재판을 받고 있습니다.’ 하고 소리친 일밖에 없습니다.”

22 벨릭스는 예수의 ‘도’ 에 관하여 이미 잘 알고 있었다. 그는 “루시아 천인대장[g]이 오면 당신들이 낸 소송에 대해 결정을 내리겠소.” 하고 말하며 재판을 연기하였다. 23 그는 백인대장[h]에게 바울을 지키게 하되, 어느 정도 자유를 주고 그의 친구들이 그를 돕는 것을 막지 말라고 명령하였다.

바울, 벨릭스와 그의 아내에게 이야기하다

24 며칠 뒤에 벨릭스는 유대 여자인 아내 드루실라와 함께 와서, 바울을 불러오게 하였다. 그리고 그에게서 그리스도 예수를 믿는 믿음에 대한 이야기를 들었다. 25 그런데 바울이 바른 생활과 절제와 다가올 심판에 대해 이야기하자 벨릭스는 두려운 마음이 들었다. 그는 “지금은 이만 돌아가시오. 다음에 시간이 나면 당신을 다시 부르겠소.” 하고 말하였다. 26 벨릭스가 바울과 이야기를 나누고 싶어하는 데에는 또 다른 까닭이 있었다. 그는 바울에게서 뇌물을 받을 수 있을까 해서 자주 그를 불러내어 이야기를 나누었다.

27 두 해가 지나 벨릭스의 뒤를 이어 보르기오 베스도가 총독이 되었다. 벨릭스는 유대 사람의 마음을 사려고 바울을 감옥에 그대로 가두어 두었다.

Footnotes

  1. 24:5 나사렛 종파 나사렛 사람 예수를 따르고 믿는 이들의 종파란 뜻으로 쓰였다.
  2. 24:6-8 6-8절 어떤 그리스어 사본들에는 다음과 같은 절 뒷부분에서 8절 앞부분까지가 들어 있다. “그래서 우리는 율법에 따라서 심판을 하려고 했습니다. 그러나 사령관 루시아가 와서 억지로 그를 빼앗아 갔습니다. 그리고 루시아는 그를 고소하는 사람들에게 각하께 가라고 명령하였습니다.”
  3. 24:14 이단 여기서는 정통 유대교에서 벗어나는 종파를 말한다.
  4. 24:18 정결 예식 나실 사람으로서의 맹세를 끝내기 위해서 치르는 여러 가지 특별한 예식. 행 21:24
  5. 24:19 아시아 소아시아의 서부 지역을 말함
  6. 24:20 의회 그리스어로는 ‘산헤드린’. 제사장들과 율법 선생들, 그리고 유대 지도자들 71명으로 이루어진 국가 최고의 입법과 사법 기구
  7. 24:22 천인대장 1,000명의 군인을 지휘하는 장교를 뜻하지만, 실제로 이 시기에는 600명 정도로 구성된 부대의 지휘관이었다.
  8. 24:23 백인대장 100명의 부하를 거느린 로마 군대의 장교

Accused of Sedition

24 Now after (A)five days (B)Ananias the high priest came down with the elders and a certain orator named Tertullus. These gave evidence to the governor against Paul.

And when he was called upon, Tertullus began his accusation, saying: “Seeing that through you we enjoy great peace, and [a]prosperity is being brought to this nation by your foresight, we accept it always and in all places, most noble Felix, with all thankfulness. Nevertheless, not to be tedious to you any further, I beg you to hear, by your [b]courtesy, a few words from us. (C)For we have found this man a plague, a creator of dissension among all the Jews throughout the world, and a ringleader of the sect of the Nazarenes. (D)He even tried to profane the temple, and we seized him, [c]and wanted (E)to judge him according to our law. (F)But the commander Lysias came by and with great violence took him out of our hands, (G)commanding his accusers to come to you. By examining him yourself you may ascertain all these things of which we accuse him.” And the Jews also [d]assented, maintaining that these things were so.

The Defense Before Felix

10 Then Paul, after the governor had nodded to him to speak, answered: “Inasmuch as I know that you have been for many years a judge of this nation, I do the more cheerfully answer for myself, 11 because you may ascertain that it is no more than twelve days since I went up to Jerusalem (H)to worship. 12 (I)And they neither found me in the temple disputing with anyone nor inciting the crowd, either in the synagogues or in the city. 13 Nor can they prove the things of which they now accuse me. 14 But this I confess to you, that according to (J)the Way which they call a sect, so I worship the (K)God of my fathers, believing all things which are written in (L)the Law and in the Prophets. 15 (M)I have hope in God, which they themselves also accept, (N)that there will be a resurrection [e]of the dead, both of the just and the unjust. 16 (O)This being so, I myself always strive to have a conscience without offense toward God and men.

17 “Now after many years (P)I came to bring alms and offerings to my nation, 18 (Q)in the midst of which some Jews from Asia found me (R)purified in the temple, neither with a mob nor with tumult. 19 (S)They ought to have been here before you to object if they had anything against me. 20 Or else let those who are here themselves say [f]if they found any wrongdoing in me while I stood before the council, 21 unless it is for this one statement which I cried out, standing among them, (T)‘Concerning the resurrection of the dead I am being judged by you this day.’ ”

Felix Procrastinates

22 But when Felix heard these things, having more accurate knowledge of the (U)Way, he adjourned the proceedings and said, “When (V)Lysias the commander comes down, I will make a decision on your case.” 23 So he commanded the centurion to keep Paul and to let him have liberty, and (W)told him not to forbid any of his friends to provide for or visit him.

24 And after some days, when Felix came with his wife Drusilla, who was Jewish, he sent for Paul and heard him concerning the (X)faith in Christ. 25 Now as he reasoned about righteousness, self-control, and the judgment to come, Felix was afraid and answered, “Go away for now; when I have a convenient time I will call for you.” 26 Meanwhile he also hoped that (Y)money would be given him by Paul, [g]that he might release him. Therefore he sent for him more often and conversed with him.

27 But after two years Porcius Festus succeeded Felix; and Felix, (Z)wanting to do the Jews a favor, left Paul bound.

Footnotes

  1. Acts 24:2 Or reforms are
  2. Acts 24:4 graciousness
  3. Acts 24:6 NU ends the sentence here and omits the rest of v. 6, all of v. 7, and the first clause of v. 8.
  4. Acts 24:9 NU, M joined the attack
  5. Acts 24:15 NU omits of the dead
  6. Acts 24:20 NU, M what wrongdoing they found
  7. Acts 24:26 NU omits that he might release him

Paul’s Trial Before Felix

24 Five days later the high priest Ananias(A) went down to Caesarea with some of the elders and a lawyer named Tertullus, and they brought their charges(B) against Paul before the governor.(C) When Paul was called in, Tertullus presented his case before Felix: “We have enjoyed a long period of peace under you, and your foresight has brought about reforms in this nation. Everywhere and in every way, most excellent(D) Felix, we acknowledge this with profound gratitude. But in order not to weary you further, I would request that you be kind enough to hear us briefly.

“We have found this man to be a troublemaker, stirring up riots(E) among the Jews(F) all over the world. He is a ringleader of the Nazarene(G) sect(H) and even tried to desecrate the temple;(I) so we seized him. [7] [a] By examining him yourself you will be able to learn the truth about all these charges we are bringing against him.”

The other Jews joined in the accusation,(J) asserting that these things were true.

10 When the governor(K) motioned for him to speak, Paul replied: “I know that for a number of years you have been a judge over this nation; so I gladly make my defense. 11 You can easily verify that no more than twelve days(L) ago I went up to Jerusalem to worship. 12 My accusers did not find me arguing with anyone at the temple,(M) or stirring up a crowd(N) in the synagogues or anywhere else in the city. 13 And they cannot prove to you the charges they are now making against me.(O) 14 However, I admit that I worship the God of our ancestors(P) as a follower of the Way,(Q) which they call a sect.(R) I believe everything that is in accordance with the Law and that is written in the Prophets,(S) 15 and I have the same hope in God as these men themselves have, that there will be a resurrection(T) of both the righteous and the wicked.(U) 16 So I strive always to keep my conscience clear(V) before God and man.

17 “After an absence of several years, I came to Jerusalem to bring my people gifts for the poor(W) and to present offerings. 18 I was ceremonially clean(X) when they found me in the temple courts doing this. There was no crowd with me, nor was I involved in any disturbance.(Y) 19 But there are some Jews from the province of Asia,(Z) who ought to be here before you and bring charges if they have anything against me.(AA) 20 Or these who are here should state what crime they found in me when I stood before the Sanhedrin— 21 unless it was this one thing I shouted as I stood in their presence: ‘It is concerning the resurrection of the dead that I am on trial before you today.’”(AB)

22 Then Felix, who was well acquainted with the Way,(AC) adjourned the proceedings. “When Lysias the commander comes,” he said, “I will decide your case.” 23 He ordered the centurion to keep Paul under guard(AD) but to give him some freedom(AE) and permit his friends to take care of his needs.(AF)

24 Several days later Felix came with his wife Drusilla, who was Jewish. He sent for Paul and listened to him as he spoke about faith in Christ Jesus.(AG) 25 As Paul talked about righteousness, self-control(AH) and the judgment(AI) to come, Felix was afraid(AJ) and said, “That’s enough for now! You may leave. When I find it convenient, I will send for you.” 26 At the same time he was hoping that Paul would offer him a bribe, so he sent for him frequently and talked with him.

27 When two years had passed, Felix was succeeded by Porcius Festus,(AK) but because Felix wanted to grant a favor to the Jews,(AL) he left Paul in prison.(AM)

Footnotes

  1. Acts 24:7 Some manuscripts include here him, and we would have judged him in accordance with our law. But the commander Lysias came and took him from us with much violence, ordering his accusers to come before you.

24 And after five days Ananias the high priest descended with the elders, and with a certain orator named Tertullus, who informed the governor against Paul.

And when he was called forth, Tertullus began to accuse him, saying, Seeing that by thee we enjoy great quietness, and that very worthy deeds are done unto this nation by thy providence,

We accept it always, and in all places, most noble Felix, with all thankfulness.

Notwithstanding, that I be not further tedious unto thee, I pray thee that thou wouldest hear us of thy clemency a few words.

For we have found this man a pestilent fellow, and a mover of sedition among all the Jews throughout the world, and a ringleader of the sect of the Nazarenes:

Who also hath gone about to profane the temple: whom we took, and would have judged according to our law.

But the chief captain Lysias came upon us, and with great violence took him away out of our hands,

Commanding his accusers to come unto thee: by examining of whom thyself mayest take knowledge of all these things, whereof we accuse him.

And the Jews also assented, saying that these things were so.

10 Then Paul, after that the governor had beckoned unto him to speak, answered, Forasmuch as I know that thou hast been of many years a judge unto this nation, I do the more cheerfully answer for myself:

11 Because that thou mayest understand, that there are yet but twelve days since I went up to Jerusalem for to worship.

12 And they neither found me in the temple disputing with any man, neither raising up the people, neither in the synagogues, nor in the city:

13 Neither can they prove the things whereof they now accuse me.

14 But this I confess unto thee, that after the way which they call heresy, so worship I the God of my fathers, believing all things which are written in the law and in the prophets:

15 And have hope toward God, which they themselves also allow, that there shall be a resurrection of the dead, both of the just and unjust.

16 And herein do I exercise myself, to have always a conscience void to offence toward God, and toward men.

17 Now after many years I came to bring alms to my nation, and offerings.

18 Whereupon certain Jews from Asia found me purified in the temple, neither with multitude, nor with tumult.

19 Who ought to have been here before thee, and object, if they had ought against me.

20 Or else let these same here say, if they have found any evil doing in me, while I stood before the council,

21 Except it be for this one voice, that I cried standing among them, Touching the resurrection of the dead I am called in question by you this day.

22 And when Felix heard these things, having more perfect knowledge of that way, he deferred them, and said, When Lysias the chief captain shall come down, I will know the uttermost of your matter.

23 And he commanded a centurion to keep Paul, and to let him have liberty, and that he should forbid none of his acquaintance to minister or come unto him.

24 And after certain days, when Felix came with his wife Drusilla, which was a Jewess, he sent for Paul, and heard him concerning the faith in Christ.

25 And as he reasoned of righteousness, temperance, and judgment to come, Felix trembled, and answered, Go thy way for this time; when I have a convenient season, I will call for thee.

26 He hoped also that money should have been given him of Paul, that he might loose him: wherefore he sent for him the oftener, and communed with him.

27 But after two years Porcius Festus came into Felix' room: and Felix, willing to shew the Jews a pleasure, left Paul bound.