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避難城(A)

19 “耶和華你的 神把列國的民剪除了,耶和華你的 神把他們的地賜給了你,你趕走了那些國民,住在他們的城市和房屋以後, 你就要在耶和華你的 神賜給你得為業的地上,為自己分別三座城。 你要為自己預備道路,又要把耶和華你的 神給你作產業的地分為三區,使誤殺人的可以逃到那裡去。

“誤殺人的逃到那裡,就可以存活,規例是這樣:無意殺了人,彼此又素無仇恨的, 譬如他和鄰舍同進森林砍伐樹木,他手裡揮著斧子砍伐樹木的時候,斧頭竟脫了把,落在鄰舍身上,以致那人死了,他就可以逃到這些城中的一座去,這樣他就可以活命, 免得報血仇的,心中怒火如焚的時候,追趕那誤殺人的,因為路途長遠,就追上了他,把他殺死;其實他沒有該死的罪,因為他和那人素無仇恨。 因此我吩咐你:‘你要為自己分別三座城。’ 如果耶和華你的 神照著他向你列祖起過的誓,擴張你的境界,把他應許賜給你列祖的全地,都賜給了你, 如果你謹守遵行我今日吩咐你的這一切誡命,愛耶和華你的 神,常常行他的道路,你就要在這三座城以外,再加添三座城; 10 免得無辜人的血,流在耶和華你的 神要賜給你作產業的地上,以致流人血的罪歸在你身上。

11 “但是,如果有人恨他的鄰舍,埋伏著等他,起來攻擊他,把他殺死了,然後逃到這些城中的一座; 12 他本城的長老要派人去,把他從那裡帶出來,交在報血仇的人手中,好把他處死。 13 你的眼睛不可顧惜他,卻要把流無辜人的血的罪從以色列中除掉,好使你平安無事。

不可挪移地界

14 “在耶和華你的 神要賜給你承受為業的地上,不可挪移你鄰舍的地界,因為那是先人立定的。

證人的條例

15 “人無論有甚麼過錯,或是犯了甚麼罪惡,不可憑著一個見證人的指證,總要憑著兩個見證人的口供,或是三個見證人的口供,才可以確定。 16 如果有強橫的見證人起來,指證某人作惡, 17 那麼,兩個彼此爭訟的人,就要站在耶和華面前,和當時在職的祭司與審判官面前。 18 審判官要仔細查問;如果見證人是個假證人,作假見證陷害自己的兄弟, 19 你們就要像他想怎樣對待自己的兄弟一樣對待他,這樣,你就把那惡從你們中間除掉。 20 其餘的人聽見了,就必害怕,不敢再在你中間行這樣的惡事了。 21 你的眼睛不可顧惜,要以命償命,以眼還眼,以牙還牙,以手還手,以腳還腳。”

Three Cities of Refuge(A)

19 “When the Lord your God (B)has cut off the nations whose land the Lord your God is giving you, and you dispossess them and dwell in their cities and in their houses, (C)you shall separate three cities for yourself in the midst of your land which the Lord your God is giving you to possess. You shall prepare roads for yourself, and divide into three parts the territory of your land which the Lord your God is giving you to inherit, that any manslayer may flee there.

“And (D)this is the case of the manslayer who flees there, that he may live: Whoever kills his neighbor [a]unintentionally, not having hated him in time past— as when a man goes to the woods with his neighbor to cut timber, and his hand swings a stroke with the ax to cut down the tree, and the head slips from the handle and strikes his neighbor so that he dies—he shall flee to one of these cities and live; (E)lest the avenger of blood, while his anger is hot, pursue the manslayer and overtake him, because the way is long, and kill him, though he was not deserving of death, since he had not hated the victim in time past. Therefore I command you, saying, ‘You shall separate three cities for yourself.’

“Now if the Lord your God (F)enlarges your territory, as He swore to (G)your fathers, and gives you the land which He promised to give to your fathers, and if you keep all these commandments and do them, which I command you today, to love the Lord your God and to walk always in His ways, (H)then you shall add three more cities for yourself besides these three, 10 (I)lest innocent blood be shed in the midst of your land which the Lord your God is giving you as an inheritance, and thus guilt of bloodshed be upon you.

11 “But (J)if anyone hates his neighbor, lies in wait for him, rises against him and strikes him mortally, so that he dies, and he flees to one of these cities, 12 then the elders of his city shall send and bring him from there, and deliver him over to the hand of the avenger of blood, that he may die. 13 (K)Your eye shall not pity him, (L)but you shall [b]put away the guilt of innocent blood from Israel, that it may go well with you.

Property Boundaries

14 (M)“You shall not remove your neighbor’s landmark, which the men of old have set, in your inheritance which you will inherit in the land that the Lord your God is giving you to possess.

The Law Concerning Witnesses

15 (N)“One witness shall not rise against a man concerning any iniquity or any sin that he commits; by the mouth of two or three witnesses the matter shall be established. 16 If a false witness (O)rises against any man to testify against him of wrongdoing, 17 then both men in the controversy shall stand before the Lord, (P)before the priests and the judges who serve in those days. 18 And the judges shall make careful inquiry, and indeed, if the witness is a false witness, who has testified falsely against his brother, 19 (Q)then you shall do to him as he thought to have done to his brother; so (R)you shall put away the evil from among you. 20 (S)And those who remain shall hear and fear, and hereafter they shall not again commit such evil among you. 21 (T)Your eye shall not pity: (U)life shall be for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot.

Footnotes

  1. Deuteronomy 19:4 ignorantly, lit. without knowledge
  2. Deuteronomy 19:13 purge the blood of the innocent