吃圣物的条例

22 耶和华对摩西说: “你告诉亚伦父子们要谨慎处理以色列人献给我的圣物,免得亵渎我的圣名。我是耶和华。 把以下条例告诉他们。

“你们的后代中,如果有人不洁净,却接近以色列人献给我的圣物,必须把他从我面前铲除。我是耶和华。 亚伦的后代中若有人患了麻风病或漏症,在他洁净之前,不可吃圣物。如果有人遗精,或碰到因接触尸体而不洁净之物, 或碰到不洁净的爬虫,或碰到不洁净的人, 这人就不洁净,要到傍晚之后才能洁净。他要沐浴后才可吃圣物。 日落之后,他就洁净了,可以吃圣物,因为那是他应得的食物。 他不可吃自然死亡或被野兽撕裂的动物,否则就不洁净。我是耶和华。 他们要遵守我的命令,免得他们犯罪,因违背我的命令而死亡。我是使他们圣洁的耶和华。

10 “只有祭司一家可以吃圣物,在祭司家中寄居的或做雇工的都不可吃, 11 但出生在祭司家里或用钱买来的奴隶都可以吃。 12 如果祭司的女儿嫁给本族以外的人,她便不可再吃举祭。 13 如果祭司的女儿守寡或被休,无儿无女,又像年轻时回到父亲家居住,便可以吃父亲的食物。除此以外,不属于祭司家的人都不可以吃。 14 任何人如果误吃圣物,就要如数偿还给祭司,并加赔五分之一。 15 祭司不可亵渎以色列民众献给耶和华的圣物, 16 以免有人因擅自吃圣物而担罪、受罚。我是使圣物圣洁的耶和华。”

选择祭牲的条例

17 耶和华对摩西说: 18 “你把以下条例告诉亚伦父子们及所有以色列人。

“任何以色列人或寄居在以色列的外族人若向耶和华献燔祭,无论是为了还愿还是出于自愿, 19 都必须献毫无残疾的公牛、公绵羊或公山羊才能蒙悦纳。 20 不可献有残疾的,因为不蒙悦纳。 21 如果有人为了还愿或自愿献牛羊作平安祭,必须献毫无残疾的牛羊才能蒙悦纳。 22 不可献给耶和华瞎眼的、骨折的、残废的、长疥癣的牲畜,也不可把这些牲畜献给耶和华作火祭。 23 至于畸形或发育不全的公牛或绵羊羔,可以用作自愿献的祭,但不可用作还愿祭。 24 不可献给耶和华睪丸受损、被压碎、破裂或被阉割的牲畜。在你们境内不可做这样的事, 25 也不可从外族人手中接受这些牲畜并献给你们的上帝作食物。因为这些牲畜是畸形的、残疾的,不蒙悦纳。”

26 耶和华对摩西说: 27 “刚出生的牛、绵羊或山羊,前七天要与母亲在一起。从第八天起,可以把它们献给我作火祭。 28 不可在同一天内宰杀母牛和小牛或母羊和小羊。 29 你们献感恩祭给耶和华时,要使你们所献的蒙悦纳。 30 要当天吃完祭物,不可留到第二天早晨。我是耶和华。 31 你们要遵行我的一切诫命。我是耶和华。 32 不可亵渎我的圣名,我要在以色列人中彰显我的圣洁,我是使你们圣洁的耶和华。 33 我领你们离开埃及,为要做你们的上帝。我是耶和华。”

祭物的聖潔

22 耶和華對摩西說: “你要告訴亞倫和他的兒子,叫他們謹慎處理以色列人分別為聖歸給我的聖物,免得他們褻瀆我的聖名;我是耶和華。 你要對他們說:你們世世代代的後裔中,若是不潔淨,卻接近以色列人分別為聖歸耶和華的聖物,那人必從我面前被剪除;我是耶和華。 亞倫的後裔中,患了痲風病,或是血漏症的,都不可吃聖物,直到他潔淨了;觸摸了任何屍體的不潔或遺精的人, 或是觸摸了任何使他玷污的爬蟲,或是摸了使他成為不潔淨的人(不論那人有甚麼不潔淨), 摸了這些的人,必不潔淨到晚上;如果他不用水洗身,就不可吃聖物。 日落之後,他就潔淨了,可以吃聖物,因為那是他的食物。 自死的或是野獸撕裂的動物,他都不可吃,免得玷污自己;我是耶和華。 他們要謹守我的命令,免得他們因褻瀆,擔罪而死;我是使他們分別為聖的耶和華。

吃祭物的條例

10 “所有外族人都不可吃聖物;寄居在祭司家裡的人或是受雇的雇工,都不可吃聖物。 11 但是祭司用自己銀子買來的僕人,就可以吃聖物;生在祭司家裡的人,他們可以吃他的食物。 12 祭司的女兒若是嫁給外族人,就不可吃舉祭的聖物。 13 但祭司的女兒若是寡婦,或是被休的,而且沒有孩子,又回到自己的父家,像她年輕的時候一樣,她就可以吃她父親的食物;只是任何外族人都不可吃。 14 人若是誤吃了聖物,就要加上五分之一,與聖物一起交給祭司。 15 祭司不可褻瀆以色列人獻上給耶和華的聖物, 16 免得他們因吃了聖物而擔當罪孽過犯;因為我是使他們分別為聖的耶和華。”

不可用有殘疾的祭牲

17 耶和華對摩西說: 18 “你要告訴亞倫和亞倫的兒子,以及所有以色列人,對他們說:任何以色列家的人,或是在以色列中寄居的外人,奉獻供物的時候,無論是為還願,或是甘心獻給耶和華的燔祭, 19 就要把沒有殘疾的公牛,或公綿羊,或公山羊獻上,才蒙悅納。 20 有殘疾的,你們都不可獻上,因為這是不蒙悅納的。 21 人若是為了還願,或是甘心把牛羊獻給耶和華作平安祭,總要獻上一隻完全、沒有任何瑕疵的祭物,才蒙悅納。 22 瞎眼、折傷、殘廢、傷口潰瘍、長癬或生疹的牲畜,你們都不可獻給耶和華,不可把這些當作火祭放在祭壇上獻給耶和華, 23 無論是公牛或是綿羊羔,如果肢體畸形或有缺陷的,你可以作甘心祭獻上;如果作還願祭獻上,就不蒙悅納。 24 內臟損傷、壓碎、破裂,或割掉的,你們都不可獻與耶和華;在你們將來居住的地方,你們不可行這樣的事; 25 也不可從外人手裡接受這一類的牲畜,作你們 神的食物;因為這些都有損壞,有殘疾,必不蒙悅納。”

26 耶和華對摩西說: 27 “公牛或是綿羊或是山羊生下來以後,七天要與牠的母親在一起,從第八天開始,牠就可以蒙悅納,作獻給耶和華火祭的供物。 28 無論是牛或羊,你們都不可在同一日之內宰殺母和子。 29 如果你們獻感恩祭給耶和華,要獻得可蒙悅納。 30 祭肉要當天吃完,一點都不可留到早晨;我是耶和華。 31 你們要謹守遵行我的誡命;我是耶和華。 32 你們不可褻瀆我的聖名,我在以色列人中間要被尊為聖;我是使你們分別為聖的耶和華, 33 曾把你們從埃及地領出來,要作你們的 神;我是耶和華。”

22 The Lord said to Moses, “Tell Aaron and his sons to treat with respect the sacred offerings(A) the Israelites consecrate to me, so they will not profane my holy name.(B) I am the Lord.(C)

“Say to them: ‘For the generations to come, if any of your descendants is ceremonially unclean and yet comes near the sacred offerings that the Israelites consecrate to the Lord,(D) that person must be cut off from my presence.(E) I am the Lord.

“‘If a descendant of Aaron has a defiling skin disease[a] or a bodily discharge,(F) he may not eat the sacred offerings until he is cleansed. He will also be unclean if he touches something defiled by a corpse(G) or by anyone who has an emission of semen, or if he touches any crawling thing(H) that makes him unclean, or any person(I) who makes him unclean, whatever the uncleanness may be. The one who touches any such thing will be unclean(J) till evening.(K) He must not eat any of the sacred offerings unless he has bathed himself with water.(L) When the sun goes down, he will be clean, and after that he may eat the sacred offerings, for they are his food.(M) He must not eat anything found dead(N) or torn by wild animals,(O) and so become unclean(P) through it. I am the Lord.(Q)

“‘The priests are to perform my service(R) in such a way that they do not become guilty(S) and die(T) for treating it with contempt. I am the Lord, who makes them holy.(U)

10 “‘No one outside a priest’s family may eat the sacred offering, nor may the guest of a priest or his hired worker eat it.(V) 11 But if a priest buys a slave with money, or if slaves are born in his household, they may eat his food.(W) 12 If a priest’s daughter marries anyone other than a priest, she may not eat any of the sacred contributions. 13 But if a priest’s daughter becomes a widow or is divorced, yet has no children, and she returns to live in her father’s household as in her youth, she may eat her father’s food. No unauthorized person, however, may eat it.

14 “‘Anyone who eats a sacred offering by mistake(X) must make restitution to the priest for the offering and add a fifth of the value(Y) to it. 15 The priests must not desecrate the sacred offerings(Z) the Israelites present to the Lord(AA) 16 by allowing them to eat(AB) the sacred offerings and so bring upon them guilt(AC) requiring payment.(AD) I am the Lord, who makes them holy.(AE)’”

Unacceptable Sacrifices

17 The Lord said to Moses, 18 “Speak to Aaron and his sons and to all the Israelites and say to them: ‘If any of you—whether an Israelite or a foreigner residing in Israel(AF)—presents a gift(AG) for a burnt offering to the Lord, either to fulfill a vow(AH) or as a freewill offering,(AI) 19 you must present a male without defect(AJ) from the cattle, sheep or goats in order that it may be accepted on your behalf.(AK) 20 Do not bring anything with a defect,(AL) because it will not be accepted on your behalf.(AM) 21 When anyone brings from the herd or flock(AN) a fellowship offering(AO) to the Lord to fulfill a special vow or as a freewill offering,(AP) it must be without defect or blemish(AQ) to be acceptable.(AR) 22 Do not offer to the Lord the blind, the injured or the maimed, or anything with warts or festering or running sores. Do not place any of these on the altar as a food offering presented to the Lord. 23 You may, however, present as a freewill offering an ox[b] or a sheep that is deformed or stunted, but it will not be accepted in fulfillment of a vow. 24 You must not offer to the Lord an animal whose testicles are bruised, crushed, torn or cut.(AS) You must not do this in your own land, 25 and you must not accept such animals from the hand of a foreigner and offer them as the food of your God.(AT) They will not be accepted on your behalf, because they are deformed and have defects.(AU)’”

26 The Lord said to Moses, 27 “When a calf, a lamb or a goat(AV) is born, it is to remain with its mother for seven days.(AW) From the eighth day(AX) on, it will be acceptable(AY) as a food offering presented to the Lord. 28 Do not slaughter a cow or a sheep and its young on the same day.(AZ)

29 “When you sacrifice a thank offering(BA) to the Lord, sacrifice it in such a way that it will be accepted on your behalf. 30 It must be eaten that same day; leave none of it till morning.(BB) I am the Lord.(BC)

31 “Keep(BD) my commands and follow them.(BE) I am the Lord. 32 Do not profane my holy name,(BF) for I must be acknowledged as holy by the Israelites.(BG) I am the Lord, who made you holy(BH) 33 and who brought you out of Egypt(BI) to be your God.(BJ) I am the Lord.”

Footnotes

  1. Leviticus 22:4 The Hebrew word for defiling skin disease, traditionally translated “leprosy,” was used for various diseases affecting the skin.
  2. Leviticus 22:23 The Hebrew word can refer to either male or female.