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2 Samuel 21-24
Hoffnung für Alle
2 Samuel 21-24
Hoffnung für Alle
Weitere Ereignisse aus Davids Regierungszeit (Kapitel 21–24)
Ein Verbrechen von Saul wird gesühnt
21 Während Davids Regierungszeit brach im Land eine Hungersnot aus, die drei Jahre dauerte. David flehte deswegen zum Herrn, und der Herr antwortete: »Die Hungersnot hört nicht auf, weil Saul damals ein Blutbad unter den Gibeonitern angerichtet hat.«
2 Da ließ der König die Gibeoniter zu sich kommen, um mit ihnen zu reden. Sie waren keine Israeliten, sondern gehörten zu den Amoritern, die früher das Land bewohnt hatten. Als die Israeliten Kanaan in Besitz nahmen, hatten sie den Gibeonitern geschworen, sie am Leben zu lassen.[a] Saul aber, der sich voller Eifer für Juda und Israel einsetzte, hatte versucht, sie auszurotten.
3 David fragte die Gibeoniter: »Wie kann ich das Unrecht sühnen, das ihr erleiden musstet? Was soll ich für euch tun, damit ihr das Land wieder segnet, das der Herr uns für immer geschenkt hat?« 4 Sie erwiderten: »Mit Silber und Gold lässt sich nicht wiedergutmachen, was Saul und seine Familie uns angetan haben; und wir haben auch nicht das Recht, irgendjemanden aus Israel dafür umzubringen.« »Was kann ich dann für euch tun?«, wollte David wissen. 5 Da sagten die Gibeoniter: »Saul plante unseren Untergang, er wollte uns vernichten, damit es in ganz Israel niemanden mehr von uns gibt. 6 Darum liefere nun sieben männliche Nachkommen von Saul an uns aus. Wir wollen sie aufhängen, um den Zorn des Herrn abzuwenden,[b] und zwar in Gibea, der Heimatstadt von Saul, den der Herr damals als König erwählt hat.«
»Ich werde sie euch ausliefern«, versprach David ihnen. 7 Er hatte aber Sauls Sohn Jonatan im Namen des Herrn geschworen, seine Nachkommen nie auszurotten. Darum wollte er Mefi-Boschet, Jonatans Sohn, auf jeden Fall verschonen. 8 David suchte Armoni und Mefi-Boschet aus, die beiden Söhne von Sauls Nebenfrau Rizpa, einer Tochter von Ajja, und die fünf Söhne von Sauls Tochter Merab, die mit Adriël aus Mehola, einem Sohn von Barsillai, verheiratet war. 9 Er übergab sie den Gibeonitern.
Alle sieben wurden am selben Tag auf dem Berg bei Gibea aufgehängt, um den Zorn des Herrn abzuwenden.[c] Man richtete sie hin, als die Gerstenernte gerade begonnen hatte.
10 Rizpa, die Tochter von Ajja, ging zu dem Felsen, auf dem die sieben gestorben waren, breitete dort einen Sack auf dem Boden für sich aus und bewachte die Toten. Tagsüber verscheuchte sie die Raubvögel, und nachts hielt sie die wilden Tiere von den Leichen fern. Vom Anfang der Ernte im Frühjahr bis zum ersten Regen im Herbst harrte sie dort aus.
11 Als David erfuhr, was Sauls Nebenfrau Rizpa tat, 12-14 ließ er Sauls Gebeine und die seines Sohnes Jonatan aus Jabesch in Gilead holen, um sie im Familiengrab von Sauls Vater Kisch beizusetzen. Bei der Schlacht auf dem Gilboagebirge hatten die Philister die Israeliten besiegt und Sauls und Jonatans Leichen auf dem Marktplatz von Bet-Schean aufgehängt. Die Bürger von Jabesch in Gilead waren dann heimlich gekommen und hatten die Toten mitgenommen. Auch die sieben Erhängten ließ David vom Berg holen und im Familiengrab bestatten. Das Grab lag in Zela, einem Dorf im Stammesgebiet von Benjamin.
Als alle Befehle Davids ausgeführt waren, erhörte Gott die Gebete für das Land und machte der Hungersnot ein Ende.
Kriege gegen die Philister (1. Chronik 20,4‒8)
15 Wieder einmal herrschte Krieg zwischen den Philistern und Israel. David zog mit seinem Heer aus, und es kam zur Schlacht. Als David vom Kampf erschöpft war, 16 griff ein Philister namens Jischbi-Benob ihn an und wollte ihn umbringen. Jischbi-Benob war ein Nachkomme von Rafa, ein Riese. Er war bewaffnet mit einem neuen Schwert und mit einem Speer, dessen bronzene Spitze allein fast vier Kilogramm wog. 17 Doch Abischai, der Sohn von Davids Schwester Zeruja, kam David zu Hilfe und tötete den Philister. Nach dieser Schlacht musste David seinen Männern versprechen, in Zukunft nicht mehr selbst in den Krieg zu ziehen. Sie sagten zu ihm: »Wir wollen dich nicht verlieren, denn du bist die leuchtende Hoffnung unseres Volkes.«
18 Kurze Zeit später kämpften die Israeliten in der Nähe von Gob gegen die Philister. Dabei tötete Sibbechai, der Huschatiter, den Riesen Saf. 19 In einer weiteren Schlacht bei Gob gegen die Philister erschlug Elhanan aus Bethlehem, der Sohn von Jaïr[d], den Bruder von Goliat aus Gat[e]; dessen Speer war so dick wie ein kleiner Baum[f]. 20 Einmal kam es bei Gat zum Kampf. Einer der Philister, ein Nachkomme von Rafa, war sehr groß. An jeder Hand hatte er sechs Finger und an jedem Fuß sechs Zehen. 21 Er machte sich über die Israeliten lustig, doch Jonatan, ein Sohn von Davids Bruder Schamma, tötete ihn. 22 Diese vier Riesen waren Nachkommen von Rafa und kamen aus Gat. Sie wurden von David und seinen Soldaten umgebracht.
Davids Danklied
(Psalm 18)
22 David sang das folgende Danklied, nachdem der Herr ihn aus der Gewalt aller Feinde und auch aus der Hand von Saul befreit hatte:
2 Der Herr ist mein Fels, meine Festung und mein Erretter,
3 mein Gott, meine Zuflucht, mein sicherer Ort.
Er ist mein Schild, mein starker Helfer,[g]
meine Burg auf unbezwingbarer Höhe.
Du, Gott, bewahrst mich vor den Angriffen meiner Feinde.
4 Gepriesen seist du, Herr!
Wenn ich zu dir um Hilfe rufe,
dann werde ich vor meinen Feinden gerettet.
5 Ich war schon umgeben von den Fluten des Todes,
er drohte mich zu verschlingen wie eine mächtige Woge.
6 Hilflos musste ich zusehen,
wie die tödliche Falle zuschnappte.
7 In äußerster Bedrängnis schrie ich zum Herrn.
Ja, zu meinem Gott rief ich um Hilfe.
Da hörte er mich in seinem Tempel,
mein Schreien drang durch bis an sein Ohr.
8 Plötzlich erbebte die Erde,
selbst der Himmel geriet ins Wanken,
denn glühender Zorn hatte Gott gepackt.
9 Schwarzer Rauch quoll aus seiner Nase,
aus seinem Mund loderten Flammen,
und glühende Kohlen wurden herausgeschleudert.
10 Er riss den Himmel auf
und kam auf dunklen Wolken zur Erde herunter.
11 Auf einem Kerub flog er daher
und schwebte herab, vom Sturm getragen.
12 Er hüllte sich in Finsternis,
verbarg sich in dichten, dunklen Regenwolken.
13 Dann ging ein Lichtglanz von ihm aus,
und glühende Kohlen prasselten nieder.
14 Der Herr ließ einen Donnerschlag auf den anderen folgen,
vom Himmel dröhnte die Stimme des höchsten Gottes.
15 Er schoss seine Pfeile ab,
und die Feinde stoben auseinander.
Grelle Blitze zuckten und verwirrten das feindliche Heer.
16 Sogar den Meeresboden konnte man sehen;
offen lagen die Fundamente der Erde da,
als der Herr meine Feinde bedrohte
und vor Entrüstung schnaubte.
17 Er streckte mir seine Hand von oben entgegen
und riss mich aus den tosenden Fluten.
18 Er befreite mich von der Übermacht meiner Feinde,
von allen, die mich hassten und so viel stärker waren als ich.
19 Sie hatten mich überfallen, als ich schon im Unglück steckte.
Aber der Herr gab mir sicheren Halt
20 und führte mich aus der Not hinaus in die Freiheit.
Er rettete mich. So viel bedeute ich ihm!
21 Der Herr tat mir Gutes für meine Treue,
meine Rechtschaffenheit hat er belohnt.
22 Denn stets bin ich dem Herrn gefolgt
und habe meinem Gott nie den Rücken gekehrt.
23 Seine Gebote hielt ich mir immer vor Augen,
und seine Befehle schlug ich nicht in den Wind.
24 Ich lebte vollkommen nach seinem Willen
und ging jedem Unrecht aus dem Weg.
25 Ja, der Herr belohnte meine Treue,
meine Rechtschaffenheit übersah er nicht.
26 Wer zu dir steht, Herr, dem stehst auch du zur Seite;
wer nach deinem Willen lebt, den enttäuschst du nicht.
27 Wer ein reines Herz hat, kann sich ganz auf dich verlassen,
doch falsche Menschen führst du hinters Licht.
28 Du hilfst denen, die sich selbst nicht überschätzen[h].
Die Überheblichen aber stößt du von ihrem Thron.
29 Herr, du machst die Finsternis um mich hell,
du bist mein Licht.
30 Mit dir kann ich die Feinde angreifen;
mit dir, mein Gott, kann ich über Mauern springen.
31 Was für ein Gott!
Sein Handeln ist vollkommen,
und was er sagt, ist durch und durch wahr.
Er beschützt alle, die zu ihm flüchten.
32 Der Herr allein ist Gott!
Wer außer ihm ist so stark und unerschütterlich wie ein Fels?
33 Gott allein ist meine Burg, in der ich Zuflucht finde.
Er ebnet mir meinen Weg.
34 Er beflügelt meine Schritte,
lässt mich laufen und springen wie ein Hirsch.
Selbst auf steilen Felsen gibt er mir festen Halt.
35 Er lehrt mich, die Waffen zu gebrauchen,
und zeigt mir, wie ich auch den stärksten Bogen spannen kann.
36 Herr, deine Hilfe war für mich wie ein schützender Schild.
Du beugst dich zu mir herab und machst mich groß.
37 Du räumst mir alle Hindernisse aus dem Weg,
noch nie bin ich beim Laufen gestürzt.
38 Ich jagte meinen Feinden nach und überwältigte sie,
ich kehrte erst um, als auch der Letzte von ihnen gefallen war.
39 Mit Wucht schlug ich sie nieder,
bis sie nicht mehr aufstehen konnten
und tot zu meinen Füßen lagen.
40 Du, Herr, hast mich mit Kraft für diesen Kampf ausgerüstet,
du hast mir zum Sieg über meine Gegner verholfen.
41 Dass sie fliehen mussten, verdanke ich dir;
alle, die mich hassten, konnte ich umbringen.
42 Sie suchten nach Hilfe, doch weit und breit war kein Retter.
Sie schrien zum Herrn, aber er hörte nicht auf sie.
43 Ich rieb sie auf, zermalmte sie zu Staub,
ich zertrat sie wie Dreck auf der Straße.
44 Als ein Aufstand meines Volkes mich bedrohte,
hast du mir geholfen,
und mich zum Herrscher über viele Nationen gemacht.
Sogar Völker, die ich nicht kannte, haben sich mir unterworfen.
45 Fremde ergaben sich, sobald sie nur von mir hörten,
und gingen gehorsam vor mir auf die Knie.
46 Zitternd kamen sie aus ihren Festungen heraus
und hatten keine Kraft mehr zum Widerstand.
47 Der Herr lebt! Er ist mein schützender Fels – ich preise ihn!
Ihn allein will ich rühmen,
denn er ist mein Gott, mein Fels, bei dem ich Rettung fand.
48 Er ist es, der sich an meinen Feinden gerächt hat;
ganze Völker hat er mir unterworfen
49 und mich der Gewalt meiner grausamen Gegner entrissen.
Du, Gott, gabst mir den Sieg über meine Feinde,
von diesen brutalen Menschen hast du mich befreit.
50 Darum will ich dich loben, Herr.
Alle Völker sollen es hören!
Deinen Namen will ich preisen mit meinem Lied.
51 Du hast deinen auserwählten König aus großen Gefahren errettet.
Ja, du erweist mir, David, deine Liebe,
und auch meine Nachkommen dürfen für alle Zeit darauf zählen.
Davids letzte Worte
23 Die letzten Worte von David lauteten:
»Dies sagt David, Isais Sohn, der Mann, den der Gott Jakobs mit großer Ehre bedacht und zum König erwählt hat, der Mann, der in Israel für seine schönen Lieder berühmt ist.
2 Der Geist des Herrn hat durch mich geredet und mir seine Worte in den Mund gelegt. 3 Der Gott Israels, der schützende Fels meines Volkes, hat zu mir gesprochen: Ein König, der gerecht regiert und Gott mit Ehrfurcht begegnet, 4 gleicht der Morgensonne, die nach einem Regenschauer am wolkenlosen Himmel steht: Unter ihren warmen Strahlen sprießen die Pflanzen aus der Erde hervor.
5 So sieht Gott mich und mein Königshaus an: Er hat einen Bund mit mir geschlossen, den er niemals brechen wird, seine Zusage gilt für alle Zeiten. Ja, er rettet mich und schenkt mir alles, was man sich nur wünschen kann.
6 Aber alle, die von Gott nichts wissen wollen, sind wie entwurzeltes Dornengestrüpp, das der Wind wegweht: Niemand rührt es mit bloßen Händen an. 7 Mit Schaufel und Speer sammelt man es ein und wirft die Dornen an Ort und Stelle ins Feuer.«
Die berühmtesten Soldaten Davids (1. Chronik 11,10‒41)
8 Dies ist das Verzeichnis der berühmtesten Offiziere des Königs:
Jischbaal[i], ein Nachkomme von Hachmoni, stand an der Spitze von Davids militärischer Führungsriege, die man die »drei Helden« nannte. Er tötete in einer Schlacht 800 Mann mit seinem Speer.[j]
9 An zweiter Stelle kam Eleasar, Dodos Sohn, ein Nachkomme von Ahoach. Er gehörte ebenfalls zu den »drei Helden«, den berühmtesten Soldaten Davids. Sie boten an Davids Seite den Philistern die Stirn. In einer Schlacht, als die Israeliten schon den Rückzug antraten, 10 stürzte Eleasar sich mit dem Schwert auf die Feinde. Er schlug so lange auf sie ein, bis er keine Kraft mehr im Arm hatte und seine Hand sich so verkrampfte, dass er sie kaum noch vom Schwertgriff lösen konnte. Der Herr schenkte den Israeliten an diesem Tag einen großen Sieg. Da kehrten auch die restlichen Israeliten wieder um, aber bloß, um die Gefallenen auszuplündern.
11 Der Dritte war der Harariter Schamma, der Sohn von Age. Einmal kämpften die Philister auf einem Linsenfeld in der Nähe von Lehi gegen Israel. Die Israeliten flohen vor den Feinden, 12 doch Schamma drang mitten auf das Feld vor, trieb die Philister zurück und schlug sie in die Flucht. So schenkte der Herr den Israeliten einen großen Sieg.
13-14 Ein anderes Mal hielten die Philister in der Erntezeit die Refaïm-Ebene besetzt. In Bethlehem hatten sie einen Posten aufgestellt. David aber hatte sich in einer Bergfestung verschanzt, in der Adullamhöhle. Dort suchten ihn drei seiner dreißig Offiziere auf. 15 David hatte großen Durst und sagte zu ihnen: »Wer holt mir einen Schluck Wasser aus dem Brunnen am Tor von Bethlehem?« 16 Da drangen die drei Offiziere ins Heerlager der Philister ein, schöpften Wasser aus dem Brunnen bei Bethlehem und brachten es David. Doch er wollte es nicht trinken, sondern schüttete es aus als Trankopfer für den Herrn 17 und sagte: »Der Herr bewahre mich vor einer solchen Tat! Da könnte ich ja gleich das Blut dieser Männer trinken, die ihr Leben aufs Spiel gesetzt haben, um mir das Wasser zu holen!« Darum wollte er nichts davon trinken. So setzten sich diese drei Männer für den König ein.
18-19 Joabs Bruder Abischai, der Sohn von Davids Schwester Zeruja, führte die drei[k] an. Einmal erstach er mit seinem Speer im Kampf 300 Mann. Er war der berühmteste dieser drei Offiziere, aber er gehörte nicht zu den »drei Helden«.
20 Benaja aus Kabzeel, ein Sohn von Jojada, war ein starker Mann, der große Taten vollbrachte. Er tötete die beiden gefürchteten Soldaten der Moabiter, die »Löwen aus Moab« genannt wurden. Als es einmal geschneit hatte, stieg er in eine Zisterne hinunter und tötete einen Löwen, der dort hineingefallen war. 21 Ein anderes Mal brachte er einen riesigen Ägypter um, der mit einem Speer bewaffnet war, während er selbst nur einen Stock in der Hand hatte. Benaja ging auf den Ägypter zu, riss ihm den Speer aus der Hand und erstach ihn damit. 22 Weil Benaja, der Sohn von Jojada, solche Taten vollbrachte, war er als einer jener drei Offiziere bekannt. 23 Er war der berühmteste unter den dreißig Offizieren, aber er gehörte nicht zu den »drei Helden«. David machte ihn zum Oberbefehlshaber seiner Leibwache.
24 Folgende Männer gehörten zu den dreißig Offizieren des Königs:
Asaël, der Bruder von Joab;
Elhanan, der Sohn von Dodo, aus Bethlehem;
25 Schamma aus Harod;
Elika aus Harod;
26 Helez aus Pelet;
Ira, der Sohn von Ikkesch, aus Tekoa;
27 Abiëser aus Anatot;
Sibbechai[l] aus Huscha;
28 Zalmon aus Ahoach;
Mahrai aus Netofa;
29 Heled, der Sohn von Baana, aus Netofa;
Ittai, der Sohn von Ribai, aus Gibea im Stammesgebiet von Benjamin;
30 Benaja aus Piraton;
Hiddai aus dem Gaasch-Tal;
31 Abialbon aus Arba;
Asmawet aus Bahurim;
32-33 Eljachba aus Schaalbon;
die Söhne von Jaschen;
Jonatan, der Sohn von Schamma[m], aus Harar;
Ahiam, der Sohn von Scharar, aus Harar;
34 Elifelet, der Sohn von Ahasbai, aus Maacha;
Eliam, der Sohn von Ahitofel, aus Gilo;
35 Hezro aus Karmel;
Paarai aus Arab;
36 Jigal, der Sohn von Nathan, aus Zoba;
Bani aus Gad;
37 der Ammoniter Zelek;
Nachrai, der Waffenträger von Joab, dem Sohn von Zeruja, aus Beerot;
38 Ira und Gareb aus Jattir
39 und der Hetiter Uria.
Insgesamt waren es siebenunddreißig berühmte Soldaten.
Davids Volkszählung (1. Chronik 21,1‒27)
24 Der Herr wurde noch einmal zornig auf die Israeliten. Darum verleitete er David dazu, sie ins Unglück zu stürzen. Er brachte den König auf den Gedanken, eine Volkszählung durchzuführen.
2 David befahl Joab, seinem obersten Heerführer: »Reise durch alle Stammesgebiete Israels, von Dan im Norden bis Beerscheba im Süden, und zähl alle wehrfähigen Männer! Ich möchte wissen, wie viele es sind.« 3 Doch Joab wandte ein: »Mein König, ich wünsche dir ja, dass der Herr, dein Gott, das Volk noch zu deinen Lebzeiten hundertmal größer werden lässt! Aber ich verstehe nicht, warum du nun so etwas verlangst.« 4 Doch der König blieb bei seinem Entschluss, trotz aller Einwände, die Joab und die Offiziere vorbrachten. Und so machten sie sich auf den Weg, um die Volkszählung durchzuführen.
5 Sie überquerten den Jordan und begannen ihre Arbeit in Aroër, südlich der Stadt, die mitten im Arnontal liegt. Von dort zogen sie weiter in das Stammesgebiet von Gad und nach Jaser, 6 dann nach Gilead und bis nach Kadesch, das schon zum Land der Hetiter gehört[n]. Weiter kamen sie nach Dan-Jaan, in die Gegend von Sidon, 7 in die befestigte Stadt Tyrus und in alle Städte der Hiwiter und Kanaaniter. Schließlich zogen sie durch den Süden Judas bis nach Beerscheba.
8 So reisten sie durch das ganze Land und kehrten nach neun Monaten und zwanzig Tagen wieder nach Jerusalem zurück. 9 Dort legte Joab dem König das Ergebnis vor: In Israel gab es 800.000 wehrfähige Männer, dazu kamen 500.000 aus dem Stamm Juda.
10 Doch nun bereute David, was er getan hatte. Er betete zum Herrn: »Meine Schuld ist groß. Bitte, Herr, vergib mir! Wie dumm bin ich gewesen!«
11 Am nächsten Morgen, als David gerade aufgestanden war, befahl der Herr dem Propheten Gad, der als Seher im Dienst des Königs stand: 12 »Geh zu David und sag ihm: Drei Strafen legt der Herr dir vor. Wähl dir eine davon aus!« 13 Gad ging zu David und gab ihm Gottes Botschaft weiter. Er fragte ihn: »Was wählst du? Drei[o] Jahre Hungersnot in ganz Israel? Oder drei Monate, in denen du vor deinen Feinden fliehen musst? Oder soll drei Tage lang die Pest in deinem Land wüten? Überleg dir, was ich dem antworten soll, der mich zu dir geschickt hat!«
14 David entgegnete: »Ich habe große Angst. Aber ich will lieber dem Herrn als den Menschen in die Hände fallen, denn er ist sehr barmherzig.«
15 Da ließ der Herr in Israel die Pest ausbrechen, sie begann noch am selben Morgen und wütete drei Tage lang. In ganz Israel, von Dan im Norden bis Beerscheba im Süden, kamen 70.000 Menschen dabei um. 16 Doch als der Engel, der die Strafe Gottes ausführte, vor Jerusalem stand und schon die Hand zum vernichtenden Schlag erhoben hatte, da hatte der Herr Mitleid mit den Menschen in ihrem Elend, und er befahl: »Genug damit! Hör auf, das Volk zu töten!« Der Engel des Herrn stand gerade auf dem Dreschplatz des Jebusiters Arauna.
17 Als David den Engel sah, rief er zum Herrn: »Ich allein habe gesündigt und einen schweren Fehler begangen, aber das Volk, meine Herde, trifft keine Schuld! Darum bestrafe nur mich und meine Verwandten!«
18 Am selben Tag kam der Prophet Gad zu David und forderte ihn auf: »Geh zum Dreschplatz des Jebusiters Arauna und bau dort einen Altar für den Herrn!« 19 David machte sich auf den Weg, um den Befehl auszuführen, den der Herr ihm durch Gad gegeben hatte.
20 Als Arauna den König und sein Gefolge kommen sah, lief er ihm entgegen, warf sich ihm zu Füßen und berührte mit seinem Gesicht den Boden. 21 Dann fragte er: »Warum kommt mein Herr und König zu einem so geringen Mann wie mir?« David antwortete: »Ich möchte deinen Dreschplatz kaufen, um hier einen Altar für den Herrn zu bauen, damit die Pest nicht länger wütet.«
22 »Mein König, nimm dir doch, was du zum Opfern brauchst!«, erwiderte Arauna. »Ich gebe dir die Rinder für das Brandopfer. Als Brennholz kannst du meinen Dreschschlitten und das Joch der Rinder verwenden. 23 Ich schenke dir alles. Möge der Herr, dein Gott, dein Opfer gnädig annehmen!«
24 Doch der König wandte ein: »Nein, ich will alles zum vollen Preis kaufen. Ich möchte dem Herrn, meinem Gott, nicht ein Opfer darbringen, das mich nichts gekostet hat.«
Und so bezahlte David für den Dreschplatz und die Rinder 50 Silberstücke. 25 Er baute dort einen Altar für den Herrn und brachte auf ihm Brand- und Friedensopfer dar. Der Herr erhörte Davids Gebet und machte der Pest in Israel ein Ende.
Footnotes
- 21,2 Vgl. Josua 9.
- 21,6 Wörtlich: Wir wollen sie vor dem Herrn aufhängen.
- 21,9 Wörtlich: wurden … vor dem Herrn aufgehängt.
- 21,19 So nach 1. Chronik 20,5. Im hebräischen Text steht der Name Jaare-Oregim.
- 21,19 Vermutlicher Text nach 1. Chronik 20,5. Der hebräische Text lautet: Goliat aus Gat.
- 21,19 Wörtlich: wie ein Weberbaum. – So hießen die beiden dicken Querstangen an den Enden des Webstuhls, an denen die Fäden befestigt wurden.
- 22,3 Wörtlich: das Horn meines Heils. – Das Horn steht sinnbildlich für Stärke und Kraft.
- 22,28 Oder: die sich selbst nicht helfen können.
- 23,8 So nach der griechischen Übersetzung. Im hebräischen Text lautet der Name Joscheb-Baschebet.
- 23,8 Vermutlicher Text nach 1. Chronik 11,11. Der hebräische Text scheint falsch überliefert und lautet etwa: Adino, der Ezniter, tötete in einer Schlacht 800 Mann.
- 23,18‒19 Einige hebräische Handschriften haben hier und im folgenden Vers stattdessen die Zahl 30. Vgl. 1. Chronik 11,20.
- 23,27 So nach 1. Chronik 11,29 und der griechischen Übersetzung. Im hebräischen Text lautet der Name Mebunnai.
- 23,32‒33 So nach der griechischen Übersetzung. Der hebräische Text lautet: Jonatan, Schamma.
- 24,6 So nach der griechischen Übersetzung. Der hebräische Text lautet: bis nach Tachtim-Hodschi.
- 24,13 So nach 1. Chronik 21,12 und der griechischen Übersetzung. Der hebräische Text lautet: Sieben.
2 Samuel 21-24
Lexham English Bible
2 Samuel 21-24
Lexham English Bible
The Famine Brings Justice
21 There was a famine in the days of David for three years, year after year. And David inquired of Yahweh,[a] and Yahweh said, “The bloodguilt is on Saul and on his household, because he killed the Gibeonites.” 2 So the king called the Gibeonites and spoke to them. Now the Gibeonites were not from the Israelites;[b] they were from the remainder of the Amorites. Now the Israelites[c] had sworn to them,[d] but Saul tried to wipe them out in his zeal for the Israelites[e] and Judah. 3 So David asked the Gibeonites, “What can I do for you, and with what can I make amends that you may bless the inheritance of Yahweh?” 4 Then the Gibeonites said to him, “It is not a matter for us of[f] silver or gold with Saul or with his household. It is not for us to put to death anyone in Israel.” He asked, “What are you saying that I should do for you all?” 5 Then they said to the king, “The man who consumed us and who plotted against us so that we were destroyed from existing in all of the territory of Israel, 6 let seven men from his sons be given over to us, and we will execute them before Yahweh in Gibeah of Saul, the chosen one of Yahweh.” Then the king said, “I will give them over.” 7 But the king spared Mephibosheth the son of Jonathan, the son of Saul, because of the sworn oath of Yahweh which was between them, between David and Jonathan the son of Saul. 8 So the king took two of the sons of Rizpah the daughter of Aiah, whom she bore to Saul, namely Armoni and Mephibosheth, and five of the sons of Michal the daughter of Saul whom she had borne to Adriel the son of Barzillai the Meholathite. 9 He gave them into the hands of the Gibeonites, and they executed them on the mountain in the presence of Yahweh, and the seven fell together. Now they were put to death in the days of the harvest, at the beginning of the harvest of barley.
10 Rizpah the daughter of Aiah took the sackcloth, and she spread it for herself on the rock at the beginning of the harvest until water gushed forth on them from heaven, but she did not allow the birds of heaven to rest on them by day nor the animals of the field by night. 11 David was told about what Rizpah the daughter of Aiah, the concubine of Saul, had done. 12 So David left and took the bones of Saul and the bones of Jonathan his son from the rulers of Jabesh Gilead, who had stolen them from the public square of Beth Shan, where the Philistines hung them when[g] the Philistines killed Saul on Gilboa. 13 He brought up the bones of Saul and the bones of Jonathan his son from there, and they gathered the bones of the executed. 14 And they buried the bones of Saul and Jonathan his son in the land of Benjamin at Zela, in the tomb of Kish his father. They did all that the king had commanded, and afterward God was entreated for the land.
Battles with the Philistines Recounted
15 There was war again for the Philistines with Israel, and David and his servants with him went down, and they fought the Philistines, and David grew weary. 16 Now Yishbi in Nob, who was among the descendents of Raphah[h] (now the weight of his spearhead was three hundredweight of bronze, and he was newly armed), said that he would kill David. 17 But Abishai the son of Zeruiah helped him, and he attacked the Philistine and killed him. Then the men of David swore to him, saying, “You shall not go out with us any longer to the battle, so that you do not quench the lamp of Israel.”
18 It happened afterward that there was again battle at Gob with the Philistines. Then Sibbecai the Hushathite killed Saph who was among the descendants of the Raphah.
19 There was again a battle with the Philistines at Gob. And Elhanan the son of Jaare-Oregim, the Bethlehemite, killed Goliath[i] the Gittite, the shaft of whose spear was like the beam of a weaver.
20 Once again there was battle at Gath, and there was a man of great size.[j] The fingers of his hand and the toes of his feet were six and six, twenty-four in number. He was also born to the Raphah. 21 He taunted Israel but Jonathan the son of Shimei, the brother of David, killed him. 22 These four were born for the Raphah in Gath, and they fell by the hand of David and by the hand of his servants.
The Victory Song of David
22 Then David spoke to Yahweh the words of this song,[k] on the day Yahweh delivered him from the hand of all his enemies and from the hand of Saul.
2 And he said:
“Yahweh is my rock, my fortress, and my deliverer.
3 I take refuge in God, my rock,[l] my shield, and the strength[m] of my salvation.
My stronghold and my refuge, O my savior, you will save me from violence!
4 I call upon Yahweh who is praiseworthy,
and I am saved from those who hate me.
5 For the breaker waves of death engulfed me;
the currents of chaos overwhelmed me.
6 The ropes of Sheol entangled me;
the snares of death confronted me.
7 In my distress I called upon Yahweh, and to my God I called.
He heard my voice from his temple,
and my cry for help was to his ears.
8 The earth heaved and shook,
the foundations of heaven trembled and heaved
because he was angry.[n]
9 Smoke went up from his nostrils and fire from his mouth.
Burning coals devoured, they burned from him.
10 He bowed the heavens and came down;
a very thick cloud was under his feet.
11 He rode upon a cherub and flew;
he was seen on the wings of the wind.
12 He put darkness as a canopy all around him,
a collection of thick rain clouds.[o]
13 From the brightness before him
flamed burning coals of fire.
14 Yahweh thundered from heaven,
and the Most High uttered his voice.[p]
15 He sent arrows and he scattered them,
lightning, and he directed them.
16 Then the channels of water of the sea were exposed,
the foundations of the world,
at the rebuke of Yawheh,
from the blast of the breath of his nostrils.
17 He sent from a high position and took me;
he drew me from mighty waters.
18 He delivered me from my strong enemies,
from those who hate me, for they were mightier than I.
19 They approached me on the day of my disaster,
but Yahweh was my support.
20 He brought me out to a spacious place.
He delivered me because he delighted in me.
21 Yahweh rewarded me according to my righteousness,
according to the cleanness of my hands he recompensed me.
22 For I have kept the ways of Yahweh;
I have not acted wickedly against my God.
23 For all of his ordinances were before me,
and I did not turn aside from his statutes.
24 I was blameless before him,
and I kept myself from my iniquity.
25 Yahweh has recompensed me according to my righteousness,
according to my cleanness before his eyes.
26 With the loyal, you act as loyal,
and with the blameless, you show yourself blameless.
27 With the pure, you show yourself pure,
but with the crooked, you appear as a fool.
28 Humble people you will deliver,
but your eyes are on the haughty, whom you bring down.
29 For you, O Yahweh are my lamp,
and Yahweh lightens my darkness.
30 For by you I can run a raid;
by my God I can leap over a wall.
31 This God, his way is blameless;
the promise of Yahweh is flawless.
He is a shield to all who take refuge in him.
32 For who is God apart from Yahweh?
And who is a rock apart from our God?
33 God is my strong refuge,
he has fully opened my way.[q]
34 He makes my feet[r] like a doe deer,
and on my high places he has set me.
35 He trains my hands for the war,
so that my arms can bend a bow of bronze.
36 You have given me the shield of your salvation;
your willingness to help has made me great.
37 You have broadened my steps beneath me;
my ankles have not wobbled.
38 I pursued those who hate me, and I destroyed them.
I did not turn back until finishing them.
39 I wiped them out and I smashed them;
they did not get up; they fell under my feet.
40 You have girded me with physical strength for the battle;
you caused those who rose up against me to kneel under me.
41 My enemies you cause to retreat from me;[s]
I destroy those who hate me.
42 They looked out, but there was no deliverer,
even to Yahweh, but he did not answer them.
43 I beat them fine, like the dust of the earth;
like the mire of the streets, I crushed them, I stamped them down.
44 You delivered me from the strife of my people;
you preserved me as the head of the nations.
A people I had not known served me.
45 Children of a foreign land came cringing to me;
when they heard of me,[t] they became obedient to me.
46 Children of a foreign land lost heart
and came trembling from their strongholds.
47 Yahweh lives! Blessed be my rock!
May God, the rock of my salvation, be exalted!
48 God does vengeance for me,
bringing down peoples under me.
49 He brings me out from my enemies,
and from those who rose up against me you lift me up,
and from men of violence you rescue me.
50 Therefore I will extol you, Yahweh, among the nations!
I will sing praises to your name!
51 He makes great salvation for his king
and shows loyal love to his anointed one, David
and to his descendants forever.”
David Extols Yahweh
23 These are the last words of David, the declaration of David the son of Jesse, and the declaration of the man exalted by the Most High, the anointed one of the God of Jacob and the darling of the songs of Israel. 2 “The spirit of Yahweh speaks through me, and his word is upon my tongue. 3 The God of Israel said to me, the rock of Israel has spoken; ‘He who rules over mankind rules righteously, in the fear of God. 4 Like the light of the morning when the sun rises, shining with no clouds, bringing vegetation from the earth apart from rain.’[u] 5 Yet not so is my house with God, for he made an everlasting covenant for me, arranging everything. He has secured all my deliverance, and all my desire he will cause to happen. 6 But evil persons are like thorns cast aside; all of them, because they cannot be picked up in the hand. 7 And if a man wants to touch them, he must use an iron instrument or the shaft of a spear; then they are consumed entirely with fire on the spot.”
David’s Faithful Soldiers
8 These are the names of the mighty warriors who were David’s: Josheb-Basshebeth a Tahkemonite was chief of three officers; first Adino, whose spear was against eight hundred slain on one occurrence. 9 Next to him Eleazar, the son of Dodo the son of an Ahohite, was among the three mighty warriors with David when they defied the Philistines and they gathered there for the battle and the men of Israel withdrew. 10 He stood up and struck down the Philistines until his hand grew tired and his hand clung to the sword, and Yahweh brought about a great victory on that day. Then the army returned back to him only for stripping the dead. 11 Next to him was Shamma, the son of Agee the Hararite. When the Philistines assembled at Lehi, a plot of the field was there filled with lentils, and the army fled there from the presence of the Philistines. 12 But he took a stand in the middle of the plot of land and defended it. He killed the Philistines, and Yahweh brought about a great victory. 13 Then three[v] of the thirty leaders went down and came to David at the time of the harvest[w] to the cave of Adullam, while a group of the Philistines were camping in the valley of the Rephaim. 14 Now at that time, David was in the stronghold, and a garrison of the Philistines was in Bethlehem at that same time. 15 David said longingly,[x] “Oh that someone would bring me a drink[y] of water from the well of Bethlehem that is at the gate.” 16 So three of the mighty warriors broke into the camp of the Philistines, and they drew water from the well of Bethlehem that was at the gate, and they carried it and brought it to David. But he was not willing to drink it, but poured it out to Yahweh. 17 He said, “Far be it from me before Yahweh that I should do this. Is this not the blood of the men who went at the risk of their lives?” So he was not willing to drink it. These things the three mighty warriors did. 18 Now Abishai the brother of Joab the son of Zeruiah was himself the leader of the thirty. He was wielding his spear against three hundred slain and gained a name[z] among the thirty. 19 Among the thirty, is it not that he was honored and became a commander for them? But he did not come up to the three. 20 Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, the son of Ish-Hai, was a great man of deeds from Kabzeel. He struck down two sons of Ariel of Moab, and he went down and killed a lion in the middle of a pit on a snowy day. 21 He also killed a good-looking Egyptian man, in whose hand was a spear. He went down against him with the staff and snatched the spear from the hand of the Egyptian and killed him with his spear. 22 These things Benaiah the son of Jehoiada did and gained a name for himself among the three mighty warriors. 23 He was honored more than the thirty, but he did not come up to the three. David appointed him in charge of his bodyguard.
The Mighty Men of David
24 Among the thirty were Asahel the brother of Joab, Elhanan the son of Dodo of Bethlehem, 25 Shammah the Harodite, Elika the Harodite, 26 Helez the Paltite, Ira the son of Ikkesh the Tekoite, 27 Abiezer the Anathothite, Mebunnai the Hushathite, 28 Zalmon the Ahohite, Maharai the Netophathite, 29 Heleb the son of Baanah the Netophathite, Ittai the son of Ribai from Gibeah of the sons of Benjamin, 30 Benaiah the Pirathonite, Hiddai from the wadis of Gaash, 31 Abi-Albon the Arbathite, Azmaveth the Barhumite, 32 Eliahba the Shaalbonite, the sons of Jashen, Jonathan 33 the son of Shammah the Hararite, Ahiam the son of Sharar the Ararite, 34 Eliphelet the son of Ahasbai the son of the Maacathite, Eliam the son of Ahithophel the Gilonite, 35 Hezro the Carmelite, Paarai the Arbite, 36 Igal the son of Nathan from Zobah, Bani the Gadite, 37 Zelek the Ammonite, Naharai the Beerothite, the carriers of the weapons of Joab the son of Zeruiah, 38 Ira the Ithrite, Gareb the Ithrite, 39 Uriah the Hittite; in all, thirty-seven.
David and the Census of the People
24 Again Yahweh was angry with Israel, and he[aa] incited David against them, saying, “Go count Israel and Judah.” 2 The king said to Joab, the commander of the army who was with him: “Please go about through all the tribes of Israel from Dan to Beersheba, and count the people that I may know the number of the people.” 3 Then Joab said to the king, “May Yahweh your God increase the people a hundred times what they are[ab] as the eyes of my lord the king are seeing. But my lord the king, why does he desire this thing?” 4 But the word of the king prevailed over Joab and over the commanders of the army, so Joab and the commanders of the army went out from before the king to count the people of Israel. 5 They crossed over the Jordan and camped at Aroer to the south of the city, which was in the middle of the wadi of Gad, and up to Jazer. 6 Then they went to Gilead and to the land of Tahtim Hodshi. They came to Dan Jaan and around to Sidon 7 and came to the fortress of Tyre and all the cities of the Hivites and the Canaanites. Then they went out to the Negev of Judah at Beersheba. 8 They went about through all the land, and they came to Jerusalem at the end of nine months and twenty days.
9 Then Joab gave the number of the counting of the people to the king. Israel was eight hundred thousand valiant warriors[ac] wielding the sword, and the men of Judah were five hundred thousand. 10 The heart of David struck him after he had counted the people, and David said to Yahweh, “I have sinned greatly in what I have done! So then, O Yahweh, please forgive the guilt of your servant because I have acted very foolishly.” 11 When David got up in the morning, the word of Yahweh came to Gad the prophet, the seer of David, saying, 12 “Go and speak to David, ‘Thus says Yahweh, three things I am laying on you; choose for yourself one of them and I will do it to you.’” 13 Then Gad came to David, and he told him and said to him, “Shall seven years of famine in the land come to you? Or three months of your fleeing from your enemies while he is pursuing you? Or should there be three days of pestilence in your land? Now consider and decide what I must return to the one who sent me a word.” 14 Then David said to Gad, “I am greatly distressed. Please let us fall into the hand of Yahweh, because he is great in his compassion; but into the hand of man don’t let me fall.” 15 Then Yahweh sent a plague into Israel from the morning until the agreed time,[ad] and from the people from Dan to Beersheba, seventy thousand men died.
16 When the angel stretched out his hand to destroy Jerusalem, Yahweh regretted about the evil, and he said to the angel who brought destruction among the people, “Enough, now relax your hand.” Now the angel of Yahweh was at the threshing floor of Araunah the Jebusite. 17 David spoke to Yahweh when he saw the angel destroying among the people, and he said, “Look, I have sinned and I have done wrong, but these sheep, what did they do? Please let your hand be against me and against the house of my father.” 18 Then Gad came to David on that same day and said to him, “Go up and erect an altar to Yahweh at the threshing floor of Araunah the Jebusite.” 19 So David went up according to the word of Gad, as Yahweh had commanded. 20 Araunah looked down and saw the king and his servants coming over to him, so Araunah went out and bowed down before the king with his face to the ground. 21 Then Araunah said, “Why has my lord the king come to his servant?” David said, “To buy from you the threshing floor, to build an altar to Yahweh who brought a halt to the plague on the people.” 22 Araunah said to David, “Let my lord the king take and offer what is good in his eyes. Look, here are the cattle for the burnt offering and the threshing sledge and the yokes of the oxen for the firewood. 23 All of this Araunah hereby gives to the king.” Then Araunah said to the king, “May Yahweh your God respond favorably for you.” 24 Then the king said to Araunah, “No, but I will certainly buy[ae] it from you for a price; I don’t want to offer to Yahweh my God burnt offerings that cost me nothing.” So David bought the threshing floor and the cattle for fifty shekels of silver. 25 David built an altar to Yahweh there, and he offered burnt offerings and fellowship offerings. Then Yahweh responded to his prayer for the land and brought the plague to a halt from upon Israel.
Footnotes
- 2 Samuel 21:1 Literally “sought the face of Yahweh”
- 2 Samuel 21:2 Literally “sons/children of Israel”
- 2 Samuel 21:2 Literally “sons/children of Israel”
- 2 Samuel 21:2 The treaty between Israel and the Gibeonites is found in Josh 9
- 2 Samuel 21:2 Literally “sons/children of Israel”
- 2 Samuel 21:4 Literally “There is not for me (Qere ‘us’)”
- 2 Samuel 21:12 Literally “on the day”
- 2 Samuel 21:16 The descendants of Raphah (i.e., the Rephaim) were thought to be giants
- 2 Samuel 21:19 In view of the account of David and Goliath in 1 Sam 17, it is likely that Elhanan actually killed the brother of Goliath, Lahmi, in 1 Chr 20:5
- 2 Samuel 21:20 Literally “a man of measurement”
- 2 Samuel 22:1 This same song is recorded in Psa 18, with minor differences
- 2 Samuel 22:3 So many LXX mss, Targum, Vulgate, and Psa 18:3. MT has “the God of my rock”
- 2 Samuel 22:3 Literally “horn”
- 2 Samuel 22:8 Literally “it was hot for him”
- 2 Samuel 22:12 Literally “clouds of thick clouds”
- 2 Samuel 22:14 Literally “gave his voice”
- 2 Samuel 22:33 Thus Qere; Kethib has “his way”
- 2 Samuel 22:34 Thus Qere; Kethib has “his feet”
- 2 Samuel 22:41 Literally “Those who hate me you give to me back”
- 2 Samuel 22:45 Literally “at the hearing of an ear”
- 2 Samuel 23:4 In other words, even men who rule rightly pass like the dew of the morning
- 2 Samuel 23:13 So Qere; Kethib reads “thirty”
- 2 Samuel 23:13 Literally “to the harvest”
- 2 Samuel 23:15 Literally “desired and said”
- 2 Samuel 23:15 Literally “Who will let me drink …?”
- 2 Samuel 23:18 Literally “and to him a name”
- 2 Samuel 24:1 The parallel passage in 1 Chr 21 names the “he” as Satan
- 2 Samuel 24:3 Literally “as them and as them”
- 2 Samuel 24:9 Literally “men of ability”
- 2 Samuel 24:15 Literally “until the time of agreed time”
- 2 Samuel 24:24 Literally “buying I will buy”
2 Samuel 21-24
New International Version
2 Samuel 21-24
New International Version
The Gibeonites Avenged
21 During the reign of David, there was a famine(A) for three successive years; so David sought(B) the face of the Lord. The Lord said, “It is on account of Saul and his blood-stained house; it is because he put the Gibeonites to death.”
2 The king summoned the Gibeonites(C) and spoke to them. (Now the Gibeonites were not a part of Israel but were survivors of the Amorites; the Israelites had sworn to spare them, but Saul in his zeal for Israel and Judah had tried to annihilate them.) 3 David asked the Gibeonites, “What shall I do for you? How shall I make atonement so that you will bless the Lord’s inheritance?”(D)
4 The Gibeonites answered him, “We have no right to demand silver or gold from Saul or his family, nor do we have the right to put anyone in Israel to death.”(E)
“What do you want me to do for you?” David asked.
5 They answered the king, “As for the man who destroyed us and plotted against us so that we have been decimated and have no place anywhere in Israel, 6 let seven of his male descendants be given to us to be killed and their bodies exposed(F) before the Lord at Gibeah of Saul—the Lord’s chosen(G) one.”
So the king said, “I will give them to you.”
7 The king spared Mephibosheth(H) son of Jonathan, the son of Saul, because of the oath(I) before the Lord between David and Jonathan son of Saul. 8 But the king took Armoni and Mephibosheth, the two sons of Aiah’s daughter Rizpah,(J) whom she had borne to Saul, together with the five sons of Saul’s daughter Merab,[a] whom she had borne to Adriel son of Barzillai the Meholathite.(K) 9 He handed them over to the Gibeonites, who killed them and exposed their bodies on a hill before the Lord. All seven of them fell together; they were put to death(L) during the first days of the harvest, just as the barley harvest was beginning.(M)
10 Rizpah daughter of Aiah took sackcloth and spread it out for herself on a rock. From the beginning of the harvest till the rain poured down from the heavens on the bodies, she did not let the birds touch them by day or the wild animals by night.(N) 11 When David was told what Aiah’s daughter Rizpah, Saul’s concubine, had done, 12 he went and took the bones of Saul(O) and his son Jonathan from the citizens of Jabesh Gilead.(P) (They had stolen their bodies from the public square at Beth Shan,(Q) where the Philistines had hung(R) them after they struck Saul down on Gilboa.)(S) 13 David brought the bones of Saul and his son Jonathan from there, and the bones of those who had been killed and exposed were gathered up.
14 They buried the bones of Saul and his son Jonathan in the tomb of Saul’s father Kish, at Zela(T) in Benjamin, and did everything the king commanded. After that,(U) God answered prayer(V) in behalf of the land.(W)
Wars Against the Philistines(X)
15 Once again there was a battle between the Philistines(Y) and Israel. David went down with his men to fight against the Philistines, and he became exhausted. 16 And Ishbi-Benob, one of the descendants of Rapha, whose bronze spearhead weighed three hundred shekels[b] and who was armed with a new sword, said he would kill David. 17 But Abishai(Z) son of Zeruiah came to David’s rescue; he struck the Philistine down and killed him. Then David’s men swore to him, saying, “Never again will you go out with us to battle, so that the lamp(AA) of Israel will not be extinguished.(AB)”
18 In the course of time, there was another battle with the Philistines, at Gob. At that time Sibbekai(AC) the Hushathite killed Saph, one of the descendants of Rapha.
19 In another battle with the Philistines at Gob, Elhanan son of Jair[c] the Bethlehemite killed the brother of[d] Goliath the Gittite,(AD) who had a spear with a shaft like a weaver’s rod.(AE)
20 In still another battle, which took place at Gath, there was a huge man with six fingers on each hand and six toes on each foot—twenty-four in all. He also was descended from Rapha. 21 When he taunted(AF) Israel, Jonathan son of Shimeah,(AG) David’s brother, killed him.
22 These four were descendants of Rapha in Gath, and they fell at the hands of David and his men.
David’s Song of Praise(AH)
22 David sang(AI) to the Lord the words of this song when the Lord delivered him from the hand of all his enemies and from the hand of Saul. 2 He said:
“The Lord is my rock,(AJ) my fortress(AK) and my deliverer;(AL)
3 my God is my rock, in whom I take refuge,(AM)
my shield[e](AN) and the horn[f](AO) of my salvation.
He is my stronghold,(AP) my refuge and my savior—
from violent people you save me.
4 “I called to the Lord, who is worthy(AQ) of praise,
and have been saved from my enemies.
5 The waves(AR) of death swirled about me;
the torrents of destruction overwhelmed me.
6 The cords of the grave(AS) coiled around me;
the snares of death confronted me.
7 “In my distress(AT) I called(AU) to the Lord;
I called out to my God.
From his temple he heard my voice;
my cry came to his ears.
8 The earth(AV) trembled and quaked,(AW)
the foundations(AX) of the heavens[g] shook;
they trembled because he was angry.
9 Smoke rose from his nostrils;
consuming fire(AY) came from his mouth,
burning coals(AZ) blazed out of it.
10 He parted the heavens and came down;
dark clouds(BA) were under his feet.
11 He mounted the cherubim(BB) and flew;
he soared[h] on the wings of the wind.(BC)
12 He made darkness(BD) his canopy around him—
the dark[i] rain clouds of the sky.
13 Out of the brightness of his presence
bolts of lightning(BE) blazed forth.
14 The Lord thundered(BF) from heaven;
the voice of the Most High resounded.
15 He shot his arrows(BG) and scattered the enemy,
with great bolts of lightning he routed them.
16 The valleys of the sea were exposed
and the foundations of the earth laid bare
at the rebuke(BH) of the Lord,
at the blast(BI) of breath from his nostrils.
17 “He reached down from on high(BJ) and took hold of me;
he drew(BK) me out of deep waters.
18 He rescued(BL) me from my powerful enemy,
from my foes, who were too strong for me.
19 They confronted me in the day of my disaster,
but the Lord was my support.(BM)
20 He brought me out into a spacious(BN) place;
he rescued(BO) me because he delighted(BP) in me.(BQ)
21 “The Lord has dealt with me according to my righteousness;(BR)
according to the cleanness(BS) of my hands(BT) he has rewarded me.
22 For I have kept(BU) the ways of the Lord;
I am not guilty of turning from my God.
23 All his laws are before me;(BV)
I have not turned(BW) away from his decrees.
24 I have been blameless(BX) before him
and have kept myself from sin.
25 The Lord has rewarded me according to my righteousness,(BY)
according to my cleanness[j] in his sight.
26 “To the faithful you show yourself faithful,
to the blameless you show yourself blameless,
27 to the pure(BZ) you show yourself pure,
but to the devious you show yourself shrewd.(CA)
28 You save the humble,(CB)
but your eyes are on the haughty(CC) to bring them low.(CD)
29 You, Lord, are my lamp;(CE)
the Lord turns my darkness into light.
30 With your help I can advance against a troop[k];
with my God I can scale a wall.
31 “As for God, his way is perfect:(CF)
The Lord’s word is flawless;(CG)
he shields(CH) all who take refuge in him.
32 For who is God besides the Lord?
And who is the Rock(CI) except our God?(CJ)
33 It is God who arms me with strength[l]
and keeps my way secure.
34 He makes my feet like the feet of a deer;(CK)
he causes me to stand on the heights.(CL)
35 He trains my hands(CM) for battle;
my arms can bend a bow(CN) of bronze.
36 You make your saving help my shield;(CO)
your help has made[m] me great.
37 You provide a broad path(CP) for my feet,
so that my ankles do not give way.
38 “I pursued my enemies and crushed them;
I did not turn back till they were destroyed.
39 I crushed(CQ) them completely, and they could not rise;
they fell beneath my feet.
40 You armed me with strength for battle;
you humbled my adversaries before me.(CR)
41 You made my enemies turn their backs(CS) in flight,
and I destroyed my foes.
42 They cried for help,(CT) but there was no one to save them—(CU)
to the Lord, but he did not answer.(CV)
43 I beat them as fine as the dust(CW) of the earth;
I pounded and trampled(CX) them like mud(CY) in the streets.
44 “You have delivered(CZ) me from the attacks of the peoples;
you have preserved(DA) me as the head of nations.
People(DB) I did not know now serve me,
45 foreigners cower(DC) before me;
as soon as they hear of me, they obey me.(DD)
46 They all lose heart;
they come trembling[n](DE) from their strongholds.
47 “The Lord lives! Praise be to my Rock!
Exalted(DF) be my God, the Rock, my Savior!(DG)
48 He is the God who avenges(DH) me,(DI)
who puts the nations under me,
49 who sets me free from my enemies.(DJ)
You exalted me(DK) above my foes;
from a violent man you rescued me.
50 Therefore I will praise you, Lord, among the nations;
I will sing the praises(DL) of your name.(DM)
51 “He gives his king great victories;(DN)
he shows unfailing kindness to his anointed,(DO)
to David(DP) and his descendants forever.”(DQ)
David’s Last Words
23 These are the last words of David:
“The inspired utterance of David son of Jesse,
the utterance of the man exalted(DR) by the Most High,
the man anointed(DS) by the God of Jacob,
the hero of Israel’s songs:
2 “The Spirit(DT) of the Lord spoke through me;
his word was on my tongue.
3 The God of Israel spoke,
the Rock(DU) of Israel said to me:
‘When one rules over people in righteousness,(DV)
when he rules in the fear(DW) of God,(DX)
4 he is like the light(DY) of morning(DZ) at sunrise(EA)
on a cloudless morning,
like the brightness after rain(EB)
that brings grass from the earth.’
5 “If my house were not right with God,
surely he would not have made with me an everlasting covenant,(EC)
arranged and secured in every part;
surely he would not bring to fruition my salvation
and grant me my every desire.
6 But evil men are all to be cast aside like thorns,(ED)
which are not gathered with the hand.
7 Whoever touches thorns
uses a tool of iron or the shaft of a spear;
they are burned up where they lie.”
David’s Mighty Warriors(EE)
8 These are the names of David’s mighty warriors:(EF)
Josheb-Basshebeth,[o](EG) a Tahkemonite,[p] was chief of the Three; he raised his spear against eight hundred men, whom he killed[q] in one encounter.
9 Next to him was Eleazar son of Dodai(EH) the Ahohite.(EI) As one of the three mighty warriors, he was with David when they taunted the Philistines gathered at Pas Dammim[r] for battle. Then the Israelites retreated, 10 but Eleazar stood his ground and struck down the Philistines till his hand grew tired and froze to the sword. The Lord brought about a great victory that day. The troops returned to Eleazar, but only to strip the dead.
11 Next to him was Shammah son of Agee the Hararite. When the Philistines banded together at a place where there was a field full of lentils, Israel’s troops fled from them. 12 But Shammah took his stand in the middle of the field. He defended it and struck the Philistines down, and the Lord brought about a great victory.
13 During harvest time, three of the thirty chief warriors came down to David at the cave of Adullam,(EJ) while a band of Philistines was encamped in the Valley of Rephaim.(EK) 14 At that time David was in the stronghold,(EL) and the Philistine garrison was at Bethlehem.(EM) 15 David longed for water and said, “Oh, that someone would get me a drink of water from the well near the gate of Bethlehem!” 16 So the three mighty warriors broke through the Philistine lines, drew water from the well near the gate of Bethlehem and carried it back to David. But he refused to drink it; instead, he poured(EN) it out before the Lord. 17 “Far be it from me, Lord, to do this!” he said. “Is it not the blood(EO) of men who went at the risk of their lives?” And David would not drink it.
Such were the exploits of the three mighty warriors.
18 Abishai(EP) the brother of Joab son of Zeruiah was chief of the Three.[s] He raised his spear against three hundred men, whom he killed, and so he became as famous as the Three. 19 Was he not held in greater honor than the Three? He became their commander, even though he was not included among them.
20 Benaiah(EQ) son of Jehoiada, a valiant fighter from Kabzeel,(ER) performed great exploits. He struck down Moab’s two mightiest warriors. He also went down into a pit on a snowy day and killed a lion. 21 And he struck down a huge Egyptian. Although the Egyptian had a spear in his hand, Benaiah went against him with a club. He snatched the spear from the Egyptian’s hand and killed him with his own spear. 22 Such were the exploits of Benaiah son of Jehoiada; he too was as famous as the three mighty warriors. 23 He was held in greater honor than any of the Thirty, but he was not included among the Three. And David put him in charge of his bodyguard.
24 Among the Thirty were:
Asahel(ES) the brother of Joab,
Elhanan son of Dodo from Bethlehem,
25 Shammah the Harodite,(ET)
Elika the Harodite,
26 Helez(EU) the Paltite,
Ira(EV) son of Ikkesh from Tekoa,
27 Abiezer(EW) from Anathoth,(EX)
Sibbekai[t] the Hushathite,
28 Zalmon the Ahohite,
Maharai(EY) the Netophathite,(EZ)
29 Heled[u](FA) son of Baanah the Netophathite,
Ithai son of Ribai from Gibeah(FB) in Benjamin,
30 Benaiah the Pirathonite,(FC)
Hiddai[v] from the ravines of Gaash,(FD)
31 Abi-Albon the Arbathite,
Azmaveth the Barhumite,(FE)
32 Eliahba the Shaalbonite,
the sons of Jashen,
Jonathan 33 son of[w] Shammah the Hararite,
Ahiam son of Sharar[x] the Hararite,
34 Eliphelet son of Ahasbai the Maakathite,(FF)
Eliam(FG) son of Ahithophel(FH) the Gilonite,
35 Hezro the Carmelite,(FI)
Paarai the Arbite,
36 Igal son of Nathan from Zobah,(FJ)
the son of Hagri,[y]
37 Zelek the Ammonite,
Naharai the Beerothite,(FK) the armor-bearer of Joab son of Zeruiah,
38 Ira the Ithrite,(FL)
Gareb the Ithrite
39 and Uriah(FM) the Hittite.
There were thirty-seven in all.
David Enrolls the Fighting Men(FN)
24 Again(FO) the anger of the Lord burned against Israel,(FP) and he incited David against them, saying, “Go and take a census of(FQ) Israel and Judah.”
2 So the king said to Joab(FR) and the army commanders[z] with him, “Go throughout the tribes of Israel from Dan to Beersheba(FS) and enroll(FT) the fighting men, so that I may know how many there are.”
3 But Joab(FU) replied to the king, “May the Lord your God multiply the troops a hundred times over,(FV) and may the eyes of my lord the king see it. But why does my lord the king want to do such a thing?”
4 The king’s word, however, overruled Joab and the army commanders; so they left the presence of the king to enroll the fighting men of Israel.
5 After crossing the Jordan, they camped near Aroer,(FW) south of the town in the gorge, and then went through Gad and on to Jazer.(FX) 6 They went to Gilead and the region of Tahtim Hodshi, and on to Dan Jaan and around toward Sidon.(FY) 7 Then they went toward the fortress of Tyre(FZ) and all the towns of the Hivites(GA) and Canaanites. Finally, they went on to Beersheba(GB) in the Negev(GC) of Judah.
8 After they had gone through the entire land, they came back to Jerusalem at the end of nine months and twenty days.
9 Joab reported the number of the fighting men to the king: In Israel there were eight hundred thousand able-bodied men who could handle a sword, and in Judah five hundred thousand.(GD)
10 David was conscience-stricken(GE) after he had counted the fighting men, and he said to the Lord, “I have sinned(GF) greatly in what I have done. Now, Lord, I beg you, take away the guilt of your servant. I have done a very foolish thing.(GG)”
11 Before David got up the next morning, the word of the Lord had come to Gad(GH) the prophet, David’s seer:(GI) 12 “Go and tell David, ‘This is what the Lord says: I am giving you three options. Choose one of them for me to carry out against you.’”
13 So Gad went to David and said to him, “Shall there come on you three[aa] years of famine(GJ) in your land? Or three months of fleeing from your enemies while they pursue you? Or three days of plague(GK) in your land? Now then, think it over and decide how I should answer the one who sent me.”
14 David said to Gad, “I am in deep distress. Let us fall into the hands of the Lord, for his mercy(GL) is great; but do not let me fall into human hands.”
15 So the Lord sent a plague on Israel from that morning until the end of the time designated, and seventy thousand of the people from Dan to Beersheba died.(GM) 16 When the angel stretched out his hand to destroy Jerusalem, the Lord relented(GN) concerning the disaster and said to the angel who was afflicting the people, “Enough! Withdraw your hand.” The angel of the Lord(GO) was then at the threshing floor of Araunah the Jebusite.
17 When David saw the angel who was striking down the people, he said to the Lord, “I have sinned; I, the shepherd,[ab] have done wrong. These are but sheep.(GP) What have they done?(GQ) Let your hand fall on me and my family.”(GR)
David Builds an Altar(GS)
18 On that day Gad went to David and said to him, “Go up and build an altar to the Lord on the threshing floor of Araunah(GT) the Jebusite.” 19 So David went up, as the Lord had commanded through Gad. 20 When Araunah looked and saw the king and his officials coming toward him, he went out and bowed down before the king with his face to the ground.
21 Araunah said, “Why has my lord the king come to his servant?”
“To buy your threshing floor,” David answered, “so I can build an altar to the Lord, that the plague on the people may be stopped.”(GU)
22 Araunah said to David, “Let my lord the king take whatever he wishes and offer it up. Here are oxen(GV) for the burnt offering, and here are threshing sledges and ox yokes for the wood. 23 Your Majesty, Araunah[ac] gives(GW) all this to the king.” Araunah also said to him, “May the Lord your God accept you.”
24 But the king replied to Araunah, “No, I insist on paying you for it. I will not sacrifice to the Lord my God burnt offerings that cost me nothing.”(GX)
So David bought the threshing floor and the oxen and paid fifty shekels[ad](GY) of silver for them. 25 David built an altar(GZ) to the Lord there and sacrificed burnt offerings and fellowship offerings. Then the Lord answered his prayer(HA) in behalf of the land, and the plague on Israel was stopped.
Footnotes
- 2 Samuel 21:8 Two Hebrew manuscripts, some Septuagint manuscripts and Syriac (see also 1 Samuel 18:19); most Hebrew and Septuagint manuscripts Michal
- 2 Samuel 21:16 That is, about 7 1/2 pounds or about 3.5 kilograms
- 2 Samuel 21:19 See 1 Chron. 20:5; Hebrew Jaare-Oregim.
- 2 Samuel 21:19 See 1 Chron. 20:5; Hebrew does not have the brother of.
- 2 Samuel 22:3 Or sovereign
- 2 Samuel 22:3 Horn here symbolizes strength.
- 2 Samuel 22:8 Hebrew; Vulgate and Syriac (see also Psalm 18:7) mountains
- 2 Samuel 22:11 Many Hebrew manuscripts (see also Psalm 18:10); most Hebrew manuscripts appeared
- 2 Samuel 22:12 Septuagint (see also Psalm 18:11); Hebrew massed
- 2 Samuel 22:25 Hebrew; Septuagint and Vulgate (see also Psalm 18:24) to the cleanness of my hands
- 2 Samuel 22:30 Or can run through a barricade
- 2 Samuel 22:33 Dead Sea Scrolls, some Septuagint manuscripts, Vulgate and Syriac (see also Psalm 18:32); Masoretic Text who is my strong refuge
- 2 Samuel 22:36 Dead Sea Scrolls; Masoretic Text shield; / you stoop down to make
- 2 Samuel 22:46 Some Septuagint manuscripts and Vulgate (see also Psalm 18:45); Masoretic Text they arm themselves
- 2 Samuel 23:8 Hebrew; some Septuagint manuscripts suggest Ish-Bosheth, that is, Esh-Baal (see also 1 Chron. 11:11 Jashobeam).
- 2 Samuel 23:8 Probably a variant of Hakmonite (see 1 Chron. 11:11)
- 2 Samuel 23:8 Some Septuagint manuscripts (see also 1 Chron. 11:11); Hebrew and other Septuagint manuscripts Three; it was Adino the Eznite who killed eight hundred men
- 2 Samuel 23:9 See 1 Chron. 11:13; Hebrew gathered there.
- 2 Samuel 23:18 Most Hebrew manuscripts (see also 1 Chron. 11:20); two Hebrew manuscripts and Syriac Thirty
- 2 Samuel 23:27 Some Septuagint manuscripts (see also 21:18; 1 Chron. 11:29); Hebrew Mebunnai
- 2 Samuel 23:29 Some Hebrew manuscripts and Vulgate (see also 1 Chron. 11:30); most Hebrew manuscripts Heleb
- 2 Samuel 23:30 Hebrew; some Septuagint manuscripts (see also 1 Chron. 11:32) Hurai
- 2 Samuel 23:33 Some Septuagint manuscripts (see also 1 Chron. 11:34); Hebrew does not have son of.
- 2 Samuel 23:33 Hebrew; some Septuagint manuscripts (see also 1 Chron. 11:35) Sakar
- 2 Samuel 23:36 Some Septuagint manuscripts (see also 1 Chron. 11:38); Hebrew Haggadi
- 2 Samuel 24:2 Septuagint (see also verse 4 and 1 Chron. 21:2); Hebrew Joab the army commander
- 2 Samuel 24:13 Septuagint (see also 1 Chron. 21:12); Hebrew seven
- 2 Samuel 24:17 Dead Sea Scrolls and Septuagint; Masoretic Text does not have the shepherd.
- 2 Samuel 24:23 Some Hebrew manuscripts and Septuagint; most Hebrew manuscripts King Araunah
- 2 Samuel 24:24 That is, about 1 1/4 pounds or about 575 grams
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