Les trois règnes funestes

36 Le peuple du pays prit Yoahaz, fils de Josias, et l’établit roi pour succéder à son père sur le trône à Jérusalem.

(2 R 23.31-34)

Yoahaz avait vingt-trois ans à son avènement et il régna trois mois à Jérusalem[a], car le roi d’Egypte le destitua à Jérusalem même et imposa au pays un tribut de trois mille quatre cents kilogrammes d’argent et d’or.

Ensuite le roi d’Egypte établit Elyaqim, le frère de Yoahaz[b], comme roi sur Jérusalem et Juda. Il changea son nom en celui de Yehoyaqim. Quant à son frère Yoahaz, Néko le prit et l’emmena en Egypte.

(2 R 23.36 à 24.6)

Yehoyaqim avait vingt-cinq ans à son avènement, et il régna onze ans à Jérusalem[c]. Il fit ce que l’Eternel considère comme mal. Nabuchodonosor, roi de Babylone, lui fit la guerre. Il le fit lier avec une double chaîne de bronze et l’emmena à Babylone[d]. Nabuchodonosor emporta à Babylone une partie des objets du temple de l’Eternel et les plaça dans son palais à Babylone.

Les autres faits et gestes de Yehoyaqim ainsi que les pratiques abominables auxquelles il s’est livré et ce qui lui est arrivé, tout cela est cité dans le livre des rois d’Israël et de Juda. Son fils Yehoyakîn lui succéda sur le trône.

(2 R 24.8-17)

Yehoyakîn était âgé de dix-huit ans[e] à son avènement et il régna trois mois et dix jours à Jérusalem[f]. Il fit ce que l’Eternel considère comme mal.

10 Vers la fin de l’année, au printemps, le roi Nabuchodonosor envoya son armée pour le prendre et l’amener à Babylone en même temps que les objets précieux du temple de l’Eternel[g]. Il établit Sédécias[h], un parent de Yehoyakîn, comme roi de Juda et de Jérusalem.

Le dernier roi de Juda(A)

11 Sédécias avait vingt et un ans à son avènement. Il régna onze ans à Jérusalem[i]. 12 Il fit ce que l’Eternel considère comme mal et il refusa de s’humilier devant le prophète Jérémie qui s’adressait à lui de la part de l’Eternel.

13 De plus, il se révolta contre Nabuchodonosor qui lui avait fait prêter un serment de loyauté au nom de Dieu[j]. Au lieu de revenir à l’Eternel, le Dieu d’Israël, il s’obstina dans sa révolte contre lui et lui ferma son cœur. 14 De même, tous les chefs des prêtres et le peuple multiplièrent les pires infidélités en se livrant aux mêmes pratiques abominables que les autres peuples. Ils profanèrent le temple de l’Eternel dont il avait fait un lieu saint à Jérusalem.

15 L’Eternel, le Dieu de leurs ancêtres, leur avait adressé très tôt et à maintes reprises des avertissements par l’intermédiaire de ses messagers, car il aurait voulu épargner son peuple et le lieu de sa résidence. 16 Mais les Israélites méprisaient les envoyés de Dieu, ils faisaient fi de ses paroles et tournaient ses prophètes en ridicule, jusqu’à ce que la colère de l’Eternel contre son peuple eut atteint le point de non-retour.

La fin du royaume de Juda(B)

17 Alors l’Eternel fit venir contre eux le roi des Chaldéens qui massacra leurs jeunes gens jusque dans leur sanctuaire. Il n’épargna personne : jeune homme, jeune fille, vieillard, personne âgée : Dieu lui livra tout[k]. 18 Nabuchodonosor emporta à Babylone tous les objets, grands ou petits, qu’il y avait dans le temple de Dieu, tous les trésors du temple de l’Eternel, et tous ceux du roi et de ses grands. 19 Les envahisseurs incendièrent le temple de Dieu et démolirent les murailles de Jérusalem. Ils mirent le feu à tous les palais et détruisirent tous les objets de prix[l]. 20 Nabuchodonosor fit déporter à Babylone les survivants du massacre et il en fit des serviteurs pour lui et pour ses fils, jusqu’à la prise du pouvoir par l’Empire perse.

21 Ainsi s’accomplit la parole de l’Eternel, transmise par le prophète Jérémie, disant que le pays serait abandonné pour bénéficier du repos pendant soixante-dix ans jusqu’à ce qu’il ait joui de son temps de repos[m].

Cyrus donne le signal du retour

22 La première année du règne de Cyrus de Perse[n], l’Eternel, pour accomplir la parole qu’il avait prononcée par le prophète Jérémie, agit sur l’esprit de Cyrus, empereur de Perse. Alors Cyrus fit faire, oralement et par écrit, la proclamation suivante à travers tout son empire[o] : 23 Voici ce que déclare Cyrus, empereur de Perse : « L’Eternel, le Dieu du ciel, m’a donné tous les royaumes de la terre et m’a chargé de lui construire un temple à Jérusalem en Juda. Quels sont ceux d’entre vous qui font partie de son peuple ? L’Eternel leur Dieu sera avec eux ; qu’ils partent[p] ! »

Footnotes

  1. 36.2 En 609 av. J.-C. Voir note 2 R 23.31.
  2. 36.4 Sur Yoahaz, voir Jr 22.11-12.
  3. 36.5 De 609 à 598 av. J.-C. Sur Yehoyaqim, voir Jr 22.18-19 ; 26.1-6 ; 35.1-19.
  4. 36.6 Voir Jr 25.1-38 ; 36.1-32 ; 45.1-5.
  5. 36.9 D’après un manuscrit hébreu, certains manuscrits de l’ancienne version grecque et la version syriaque (voir 2 R 24.8). La plupart des manuscrits hébreux ont : huit ans.
  6. 36.9 De décembre 598 à mars 597 av. J.-C. Voir note 2 R 24.8.
  7. 36.10 Sur l’exil de Yehoyakîn, voir Jr 22.24-30 ; 24.1-10 ; 29.1-2 ; Ez 17.12.
  8. 36.10 Sur Sédécias, voir Jr 37.1 ; Ez 17.13.
  9. 36.11 De 597 à 587 av. J.-C.
  10. 36.13 Voir Ez 17.15.
  11. 36.17 Voir Jr 21.1-10 ; 34.1-5.
  12. 36.19 Voir 2 Ch 7.19-22.
  13. 36.21 Voir Jr 25.11 ; Lv 26.34-35.
  14. 36.22 C’est-à-dire en 538 av. J.-C. (Cyrus conquit Babylone en 539). Voir Es 44.28 ; 45.1.
  15. 36.22 Voir Jr 25.11-12 ; 29.10. Les v. 22-23 sont parallèles à Esd 1.1-3. Voir note Esd 1.1.
  16. 36.23 Voir Es 44.28.

36 And the people(A) of the land took Jehoahaz son of Josiah and made him king in Jerusalem in place of his father.

Jehoahaz King of Judah(B)

Jehoahaz[a] was twenty-three years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem three months. The king of Egypt dethroned him in Jerusalem and imposed on Judah a levy of a hundred talents[b] of silver and a talent[c] of gold. The king of Egypt made Eliakim, a brother of Jehoahaz, king over Judah and Jerusalem and changed Eliakim’s name to Jehoiakim. But Necho(C) took Eliakim’s brother Jehoahaz and carried him off to Egypt.(D)

Jehoiakim King of Judah(E)

Jehoiakim(F) was twenty-five years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem eleven years. He did evil in the eyes of the Lord his God. Nebuchadnezzar(G) king of Babylon attacked him and bound him with bronze shackles to take him to Babylon.(H) Nebuchadnezzar also took to Babylon articles from the temple of the Lord and put them in his temple[d] there.(I)

The other events of Jehoiakim’s reign, the detestable things he did and all that was found against him, are written in the book of the kings of Israel and Judah. And Jehoiachin his son succeeded him as king.

Jehoiachin King of Judah(J)

Jehoiachin(K) was eighteen[e] years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem three months and ten days. He did evil in the eyes of the Lord. 10 In the spring, King Nebuchadnezzar sent for him and brought him to Babylon,(L) together with articles of value from the temple of the Lord, and he made Jehoiachin’s uncle,[f] Zedekiah, king over Judah and Jerusalem.

Zedekiah King of Judah(M)

11 Zedekiah(N) was twenty-one years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem eleven years. 12 He did evil in the eyes of the Lord(O) his God and did not humble(P) himself before Jeremiah the prophet, who spoke the word of the Lord. 13 He also rebelled against King Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him take an oath(Q) in God’s name. He became stiff-necked(R) and hardened his heart and would not turn to the Lord, the God of Israel. 14 Furthermore, all the leaders of the priests and the people became more and more unfaithful,(S) following all the detestable practices of the nations and defiling the temple of the Lord, which he had consecrated in Jerusalem.

The Fall of Jerusalem(T)(U)

15 The Lord, the God of their ancestors, sent word to them through his messengers(V) again and again,(W) because he had pity on his people and on his dwelling place. 16 But they mocked God’s messengers, despised his words and scoffed(X) at his prophets until the wrath(Y) of the Lord was aroused against his people and there was no remedy.(Z) 17 He brought up against them the king of the Babylonians,[g](AA) who killed their young men with the sword in the sanctuary, and did not spare young men(AB) or young women, the elderly or the infirm.(AC) God gave them all into the hands of Nebuchadnezzar.(AD) 18 He carried to Babylon all the articles(AE) from the temple of God, both large and small, and the treasures of the Lord’s temple and the treasures of the king and his officials. 19 They set fire(AF) to God’s temple(AG) and broke down the wall(AH) of Jerusalem; they burned all the palaces and destroyed(AI) everything of value there.(AJ)

20 He carried into exile(AK) to Babylon the remnant, who escaped from the sword, and they became servants(AL) to him and his successors until the kingdom of Persia came to power. 21 The land enjoyed its sabbath rests;(AM) all the time of its desolation it rested,(AN) until the seventy years(AO) were completed in fulfillment of the word of the Lord spoken by Jeremiah.

22 In the first year of Cyrus(AP) king of Persia, in order to fulfill the word of the Lord spoken by Jeremiah, the Lord moved the heart of Cyrus king of Persia to make a proclamation throughout his realm and also to put it in writing:

23 “This is what Cyrus king of Persia says:

“‘The Lord, the God of heaven, has given me all the kingdoms of the earth and he has appointed(AQ) me to build a temple for him at Jerusalem in Judah. Any of his people among you may go up, and may the Lord their God be with them.’”

Footnotes

  1. 2 Chronicles 36:2 Hebrew Joahaz, a variant of Jehoahaz; also in verse 4
  2. 2 Chronicles 36:3 That is, about 3 3/4 tons or about 3.4 metric tons
  3. 2 Chronicles 36:3 That is, about 75 pounds or about 34 kilograms
  4. 2 Chronicles 36:7 Or palace
  5. 2 Chronicles 36:9 One Hebrew manuscript, some Septuagint manuscripts and Syriac (see also 2 Kings 24:8); most Hebrew manuscripts eight
  6. 2 Chronicles 36:10 Hebrew brother, that is, relative (see 2 Kings 24:17)
  7. 2 Chronicles 36:17 Or Chaldeans

36 Then the people of the land took Jehoahaz the son of Josiah, and made him king in his father's stead in Jerusalem.

Jehoahaz was twenty and three years old when he began to reign, and he reigned three months in Jerusalem.

And the king of Egypt put him down at Jerusalem, and condemned the land in an hundred talents of silver and a talent of gold.

And the king of Egypt made Eliakim his brother king over Judah and Jerusalem, and turned his name to Jehoiakim. And Necho took Jehoahaz his brother, and carried him to Egypt.

Jehoiakim was twenty and five years old when he began to reign, and he reigned eleven years in Jerusalem: and he did that which was evil in the sight of the Lord his God.

Against him came up Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, and bound him in fetters, to carry him to Babylon.

Nebuchadnezzar also carried of the vessels of the house of the Lord to Babylon, and put them in his temple at Babylon.

Now the rest of the acts of Jehoiakim, and his abominations which he did, and that which was found in him, behold, they are written in the book of the kings of Israel and Judah: and Jehoiachin his son reigned in his stead.

Jehoiachin was eight years old when he began to reign, and he reigned three months and ten days in Jerusalem: and he did that which was evil in the sight of the Lord.

10 And when the year was expired, king Nebuchadnezzar sent, and brought him to Babylon, with the goodly vessels of the house of the Lord, and made Zedekiah his brother king over Judah and Jerusalem.

11 Zedekiah was one and twenty years old when he began to reign, and reigned eleven years in Jerusalem.

12 And he did that which was evil in the sight of the Lord his God, and humbled not himself before Jeremiah the prophet speaking from the mouth of the Lord.

13 And he also rebelled against king Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear by God: but he stiffened his neck, and hardened his heart from turning unto the Lord God of Israel.

14 Moreover all the chief of the priests, and the people, transgressed very much after all the abominations of the heathen; and polluted the house of the Lord which he had hallowed in Jerusalem.

15 And the Lord God of their fathers sent to them by his messengers, rising up betimes, and sending; because he had compassion on his people, and on his dwelling place:

16 But they mocked the messengers of God, and despised his words, and misused his prophets, until the wrath of the Lord arose against his people, till there was no remedy.

17 Therefore he brought upon them the king of the Chaldees, who slew their young men with the sword in the house of their sanctuary, and had no compassion upon young man or maiden, old man, or him that stooped for age: he gave them all into his hand.

18 And all the vessels of the house of God, great and small, and the treasures of the house of the Lord, and the treasures of the king, and of his princes; all these he brought to Babylon.

19 And they burnt the house of God, and brake down the wall of Jerusalem, and burnt all the palaces thereof with fire, and destroyed all the goodly vessels thereof.

20 And them that had escaped from the sword carried he away to Babylon; where they were servants to him and his sons until the reign of the kingdom of Persia:

21 To fulfil the word of the Lord by the mouth of Jeremiah, until the land had enjoyed her sabbaths: for as long as she lay desolate she kept sabbath, to fulfil threescore and ten years.

22 Now in the first year of Cyrus king of Persia, that the word of the Lord spoken by the mouth of Jeremiah might be accomplished, the Lord stirred up the spirit of Cyrus king of Persia, that he made a proclamation throughout all his kingdom, and put it also in writing, saying,

23 Thus saith Cyrus king of Persia, All the kingdoms of the earth hath the Lord God of heaven given me; and he hath charged me to build him an house in Jerusalem, which is in Judah. Who is there among you of all his people? The Lord his God be with him, and let him go up.