1 Kronieken 4
Het Boek
De nakomelingen van Juda
4 Dit zijn de zonen van Juda: Peres, Hezron, Karmi, Hur en Sobal. 2 Sobals zoon Reaja was de vader van Jahath, die Ahumai en Lahad als zonen had. Deze stonden bekend als de Zorathieten. 3,4 De zoon van Hur, de oudste zoon van Efrata, die de vader van Bethlehem was, had de volgende nakomelingen: Etam, Jizreël, Jisma, Jidbas, Hazlelponi (een dochter), Pnuël, de vader van Gedor, en Ezer, de vader van Husa. 5 Ashur, de vader van Tekoa, had twee vrouwen: Hela en Naära. 6 Naära bracht Ahuzzam, Chefer, Temeni en Ahastari ter wereld. 7 Hela kreeg Zereth, Jezohar en Ethnan. 8 Koz was de vader van Anub en Hazobeba en tevens de voorvader van de familie die werd genoemd naar Aharhel, de zoon van Harum. 9 Jabez genoot het meeste aanzien van zijn broers. Zijn moeder noemde hem Jabez omdat de bevalling zo moeilijk verliep. 10 Hij was degene die de God van Israël vroeg: ‘Och, zegent U mij alstublieft! Help mij met wat ik doe, opdat mijn bezittingen worden uitgebreid. Bewaar mij voor het kwaad en alle onheil.’ En God voldeed aan dat verzoek.
11,12 De nakomelingen van Reka waren Kelub, de broer van Suha, wiens zoon Mehir de vader van Eston was. Eston was de vader van Bethrafa, Paseah en Tehinna. Tehinna was de vader van Ir-Nachas. 13 De zonen van Kenaz waren Othniël en Seraja. Othniëls zonen waren Hathath en Meonothai. 14 Meonothai was de vader van Ofra. Seraja was de vader van Joab, de voorvader van de bewoners van het Handwerkersdal, dat zijn naam ontleende aan de vele handwerkslieden die daar woonden.
15 De zonen van Kaleb, de zoon van Jefunne, waren Iru, Ela en Naäm. Tot de zonen van Ela behoorde Kenaz. 16 Jehallelels zonen waren Zif, Zifa, Tirea en Asareël. 17 Ezraʼs zonen waren Jether, Mered, Efer en Jalon. Mered trouwde met Bithja, een Egyptische prinses. Zij was de moeder van Mirjam, Sammai en Jisbah, de voorvader van Estemoa. 18 Estemoaʼs vrouw uit Juda was de moeder van Jered, Eber en Jekuthiël, die respectievelijk de voorvaders van de Gedorieten, Sochoïeten en de Zanoathieten waren. 19 Hodijaʼs vrouw was een zuster van Naham. Een van haar zonen was de vader van de Garmiet Kehila en een andere was de vader van de Maächathiet Estemoa. 20 De zonen van Simon waren Amnon, Rinna, Benhanan en Tilon. De zonen van Jiseï waren Zoheth en Ben-Zoheth.
21,22 De zonen van Sela, de zoon van Juda, waren: Er, de vader van Lecha, Lada, de vader van Maresa, de gezinnen van de linnenwevers in Bet-Asbea, Jokim, de families van Kozeba, Joas en Saraf, die over Moab heerste voordat hij terugkeerde naar Jasubi-Lehem. Al deze namen zijn afkomstig uit zeer oude geschriften. 23 Deze families stonden bekend als pottenbakkers en bekwame tuinlieden, zij waren allemaal in dienst van de koning.
24 De zonen van Simeon waren Nemuël, Jamin, Jarib, Zerach en Saul. 25 Sauls zoon was Sallum, zijn kleinzoon was Mibsam en zijn achterkleinzoon was Misma. 26 Tot Mismaʼs zonen behoorde Hammuël, de vader van Zakkur en de grootvader van Simi. 27 Simi had zestien zonen en zes dochters, maar geen van zijn broers had een groot gezin, zij hadden allemaal minder kinderen dan normaal was in Juda. 28 Zij woonden in Berseba, Molada, Hazar-Sual, 29 Bilha, Ezem, Tholad, 30 Betuël, Chorma, Ziklag, 31 Bet-Markaboth, Hazar-Susim, Bet-Biri en Saäraim. Zij hadden de zeggenschap over deze steden tot de tijd van David. 32,33 Hun nakomelingen woonden ook in of bij Etam, Ain, Rimmon, Tochen en Asan, een gebied dat zich uitstrekte tot Baäl. Deze feiten staan vermeld in de geslachtsregisters die zij zelf bijhielden.
34-39 Hier volgen de namen van enkele leiders van grote families die naar de oostzijde van de Gedorvallei trokken, op zoek naar weidegrond voor hun kudden: Mesobab, Jamlech, Josa, Joël, Jehu, Eljoënai, Jaäkoba, Jesohaja, Asaja, Adiël, Jesimiël, Benaja en Ziza; de zoon van Sifeï, zoon van Allon, zoon van Jedaja, zoon van Simri, zoon van Semaja. 40,41 Zij vonden goede weidegrond in een rustig en vredig gebied, het land was vroeger eigendom van de nakomelingen van Cham. Gedurende de regering van koning Hizkia drongen deze leiders, van wie hier de namen zijn vermeld, het land binnen en verwoestten de tenten en huizen van de Meünieten, zij doodden de inwoners van het land en namen het in bezit. 42,43 Later trokken vijfhonderd van deze mannen, afkomstig van de stam van Simeon, naar de berg Seïr. Hun leiders waren Pelatja, Nearja, Refaja en Uzziël, allemaal zonen van Jiseï. Daar doodden zij de weinige nog in leven zijnde Amalekieten. Sinds die tijd wonen zij daar.
1 Chronicles 4
New English Translation
Judah’s Descendants
4 The descendants of Judah: Perez, Hezron, Carmi, Hur, and Shobal.
2 Reaiah the son of Shobal was the father of Jahath, and Jahath was the father of Ahumai and Lahad. These were the clans of the Zorathites.
3 These were the sons of Etam: Jezreel, Ishma, and Idbash. Their sister was Hazzelelponi.
4 Penuel was the father of Gedor, and Ezer was the father of Hushah. These were the descendants of Hur, the firstborn of Ephrathah and the father of Bethlehem.
5 Ashhur the father of Tekoa had two wives, Helah and Naarah. 6 Naarah bore him Ahuzzam, Hepher, Temeni, and Haahashtari. These were the sons of Naarah. 7 The sons of Helah: Zereth, Zohar, Ethnan, 8 and Koz, who was the father of Anub, Hazzobebah, and the clans of Aharhel the son of Harum.
9 Jabez was more respected than his brothers. His mother had named him Jabez, for she said, “I experienced pain when I gave birth to him.”[a] 10 Jabez called out to the God of Israel, “If only[b] you would greatly bless me and expand my territory.[c] May your hand be with me! Keep me from harm[d] so I might not endure pain.” God answered his prayer.[e]
11 Kelub, the brother of Shuhah, was the father of Mehir, who was the father of Eshton. 12 Eshton was the father of Beth Rapha, Paseah, and Tehinnah, the father of Ir Nahash.[f] These were the men of Recah.
13 The sons of Kenaz: Othniel and Seraiah.
The sons of Othniel: Hathath and Meonothai.[g] 14 Meonothai was the father of Ophrah.
Seraiah was the father of Joab, the father of those who live in the Valley of the Craftsmen,[h] for they were craftsmen.
15 The sons of Caleb son of Jephunneh: Iru, Elah, and Naam.
The son of Elah: Kenaz.[i]
16 The sons of Jehallelel: Ziph, Ziphah, Tiria, and Asarel.
17 The sons of Ezrah: Jether, Mered, Epher, and Jalon.
Mered’s wife Bithiah[j] gave birth to Miriam, Shammai, and Ishbah, the father of Eshtemoa. 18 (His Judahite wife gave birth to Jered the father of Gedor, Heber the father of Soco, and Jekuthiel the father of Zanoah.) These were the sons of Pharaoh’s daughter Bithiah, whom Mered married.[k]
19 The sons of Hodiah’s wife, the sister of Naham: the father of Keilah the Garmite, and Eshtemoa the Maacathite.
20 The sons of Shimon: Amnon, Rinnah, Ben Hanan, and Tilon.
The descendants of Ishi: Zoheth and Ben Zoheth.[l]
21 The sons of Shelah son of Judah: Er the father of Lecah, Laadah the father of Mareshah, the clans of the linen workers at Beth Ashbea, 22 Jokim, the men of Cozeba, and Joash and Saraph, both of whom ruled in Moab and Jashubi Lehem. (This information is from ancient records.)[m] 23 They were the potters who lived in Netaim and Gederah; they lived there and worked for the king.[n]
Simeon’s Descendants
24 The descendants of Simeon: Nemuel, Jamin, Jarib, Zerah, Shaul, 25 his son Shallum, his son Mibsam, and his son Mishma.
26 The descendants of Mishma: his son Hammuel, his son Zaccur, and his son Shimei.
27 Shimei had sixteen sons and six daughters. But his brothers did not have many sons, so their whole clan was not as numerous as the sons of Judah. 28 They lived in Beer Sheba, Moladah, Hazar Shual, 29 Bilhah, Ezem, Tolad, 30 Bethuel, Hormah, Ziklag, 31 Beth Marcaboth, Hazar Susim, Beth Biri, and Shaaraim. These were their towns until the reign of David. 32 Their settlements also included Etam, Ain, Rimmon, Tochen, and Ashan—five towns, 33 along with all their settlements that surrounded these towns as far as Baal.[o] These were the places where they lived; they kept genealogical records.
34 Their clan leaders were:[p] Meshobab, Jamlech, Joshah son of Amaziah, 35 Joel, Jehu son of Joshibiah (son of Seraiah, son of Asiel), 36 Eleoenai, Jaakobah, Jeshohaiah, Asaiah, Adiel, Jesimiel, Benaiah, 37 Ziza son of Shipi (son of Allon, son of Jedaiah, son of Shimri, son of Shemaiah). 38 These who are named above were the leaders of their clans.
Their extended families increased greatly in numbers. 39 They went to the entrance of Gedor, to the east of the valley, looking for pasture for their sheep. 40 They found fertile and rich pasture; the land was very broad, undisturbed and peaceful. Indeed some Hamites had been living there before that. 41 The men whose names are listed came during the time of King Hezekiah of Judah and attacked the Hamites’ settlements,[q] as well as the Meunites they discovered there, and they wiped them out, as can be seen to this very day. They dispossessed them,[r] for they found pasture for their sheep there. 42 Five hundred men of Simeon, led by Pelatiah, Neariah, Rephaiah, and Uzziel, the sons of Ishi, went to the hill country of Seir 43 and defeated the rest of the Amalekite refugees;[s] they live there to this very day.
Footnotes
- 1 Chronicles 4:9 tn In Hebrew the name יַעְבֵּץ (yaʿbets, “Jabez”) sounds like the noun עֹצֶב (ʿotsev) which means “pain.”
- 1 Chronicles 4:10 tn Here the word אִם (ʾim, “if only”) begins an oath formula (see HALOT 60 s.v. and GKC 151e, 159dd, 167a). A full reporting of the oath would include both the request made of God and the promise made to God (cf. Gen 28:20; Num 21:2; Judg 11:30; 1 Sam 1:11; 2 Sam 15:8; Ps 81:9-14). Jabez’ promise is not recorded here, only that God granted his request. Perhaps Jabez’ vow in return had not been preserved by tradition and so the author could not include it, or perhaps those details were simply less important to the purpose of the book. Likely the author wants to emphasize to the post-exilic community (the original audience of the book) that God answers prayer, including concerns for their borders. That God granted his request implies that Jabez was faithful to his vow, so that his destiny was different than the expectation arising from his namesake. This should challenge the audience to consider their own faithfulness to God.
- 1 Chronicles 4:10 sn It is not certain whether the person Jabez should be connected with the town Jabez mentioned in 1 Chr 2:55. If Jabez were the head of the town (“more respected than his brothers” v. 9), then the request for an enlarged territory would not be a simple request for his own benefit, but an example of a leader of character whose faithfulness to God benefits those under his leadership.
- 1 Chronicles 4:10 tc The Hebrew text is difficult. As it stands in the MT, it says “and do some harm so that I might not be hurt.” When directly modifying עָשָׂה (ʿasah; “to do”), the preposition מִן (min; “from,”) can indicate the source or type of action, hence “do some harm” (cf. Lev 4:22; 18:30). But this makes little sense in context unless we suppose with no other basis that it refers to harming enemies. There is no other example of the privative use of מִן (min) with the verb עָשָׂה (ʿasah), which would have meant “act so as to prevent” harm. And one expects it would be confusing to use מִן (min) for both the type of action done and the type of action excluded or prevented. On the basis of a parallel to Isa 26:18, BHS suggests inserting יְשׁוּעָתִי (yeshuati; “my salvation”) on the possibility that it was omitted by haplography (as “do” and “my salvation,” עָשִׂיתָ and יְשׁוּעָתִי, share similar consonants). This would mean “perform my salvation from harm.” Instead of מֵרָעָה (meraʿah; “from harm”), the LXX has γνῶσιν (gnosin; “knowledge”) which normally stands for Hebrew דַעַת (daʿat) or דֵעָה (deʿah) “knowledge; wisdom,” implying a simple confusion of dalet (ד) and resh (ר). The Greek text says “do/produce wisdom so that I will not be humiliated,” though the Hebrew behind this would be “act wisely so that I will not be grieved.” Rather than ask God to act wisely, we might suppose that the verb was first singular “may your hand be with me so that I may act wisely in order to not be grieved.” This would involve the loss of a yod at the end of the verb, which matches the verbal forms preceding it. Finally one might suppose that instead of רָעָה (raʿah; “harm”), some form of the root of רֵעָה (reʿah; “friend”) was original, meaning something like, “act from friendship…” but there is no direct parallel for this.
- 1 Chronicles 4:10 tn Heb “and God brought about what he had asked.”
- 1 Chronicles 4:12 tn Or “of the city of Nahash.”
- 1 Chronicles 4:13 tc “Meonothai” is read here by some mss of the LXX, along with the Vulgate. The name apparently was dropped from the Hebrew text by haplography. Note that the name appears at the beginning of the next verse as well.
- 1 Chronicles 4:14 tn Heb “Ge-harashim,” which could be left untranslated as a place name.
- 1 Chronicles 4:15 tn Heb “and the sons of Elah and Kenaz.” Kenaz was actually the son of Elah.
- 1 Chronicles 4:17 tn The Hebrew text has simply, “and she gave birth to,” without identifying the subject. The words “Mered’s wife Bithiah” are added in the translation for clarification. See v. 18b, which mentions “Bethiah, whom Mered married.”
- 1 Chronicles 4:18 tn Heb “took,” referring to taking in marriage.
- 1 Chronicles 4:20 tn Or “and the son of Zoheth” (NAB). The word בֶּן (ben) in Hebrew means “son [of].”
- 1 Chronicles 4:22 tn Heb “and the words are old.”
- 1 Chronicles 4:23 tn Heb “and those who lived in Netaim and Gederah; with the king in his work they lived there.”
- 1 Chronicles 4:33 tc Some LXX mss read “Baalath” (cf. Josh 19:8). This is followed by some English versions (e.g., NIV, NCV, TEV, NLT).
- 1 Chronicles 4:34 tn The words “their clan leaders were” are added in the translation for clarification. See v. 38a, which makes this clear.
- 1 Chronicles 4:41 tn The Hebrew text reads “their tents,” apparently referring to those of the Hamites mentioned at the end of v. 40. Some prefer to emend the text to read, “the tents of Ham.”
- 1 Chronicles 4:41 tn Heb “and they lived in place of them.”
- 1 Chronicles 4:43 tn Heb “and struck down the remnant that had escaped belonging to Amalek.”
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