Exodus 5-13

New International Version

Bricks Without Straw

5 Afterward Moses and Aaron went to Pharaoh and said, “This is what the Lord, the God of Israel, says: ‘Let my people go,^(A) so that they may hold a festival^(B) to me in the wilderness.’”

² Pharaoh said, “Who is the Lord,^(C) that I should obey him and let Israel go? I do not know the Lord and I will not let Israel go.”^(D)

³ Then they said, “The God of the Hebrews has met with us. Now let us take a three-day journey^(E) into the wilderness to offer sacrifices to the Lord our God, or he may strike us with plagues^(F) or with the sword.”

⁴ But the king of Egypt said, “Moses and Aaron, why are you taking the people away from their labor?^(G) Get back to your work!” ⁵ Then Pharaoh said, “Look, the people of the land are now numerous,^(H) and you are stopping them from working.”

⁶ That same day Pharaoh gave this order to the slave drivers^(I) and overseers in charge of the people: ⁷ “You are no longer to supply the people with straw for making bricks;^(J) let them go and gather their own straw. ⁸ But require them to make the same number of bricks as before; don’t reduce the quota.^(K) They are lazy;^(L) that is why they are crying out, ‘Let us go and sacrifice to our God.’^{(M) 9} Make the work harder for the people so that they keep working and pay no attention to lies.”

¹⁰ Then the slave drivers^(N) and the overseers went out and said to the people, “This is what Pharaoh says: ‘I will not give you any more straw. ¹¹ Go and get your own straw wherever you can find it, but your work will not be reduced^(O) at all.’” ¹² So the people scattered all over Egypt to gather stubble to use for straw. ¹³ The slave drivers kept pressing them, saying, “Complete the work required of you for each day, just as when you had straw.” ¹⁴ And Pharaoh’s slave drivers beat the Israelite overseers they had appointed,^(P) demanding, “Why haven’t you met your quota of bricks yesterday or today, as before?”

¹⁵ Then the Israelite overseers went and appealed to Pharaoh: “Why have you treated your servants this way? ¹⁶ Your servants are given no straw, yet we are told, ‘Make bricks!’ Your servants are being beaten, but the fault is with your own people.”

¹⁷ Pharaoh said, “Lazy, that’s what you are—lazy!^(Q) That is why you keep saying, ‘Let us go and sacrifice to the Lord.’ ¹⁸ Now get to work.^(R) You will not be given any straw, yet you must produce your full quota of bricks.”

¹⁹ The Israelite overseers realized they were in trouble when they were told, “You are not to reduce the number of bricks required of you for each day.” ²⁰ When they left Pharaoh, they found Moses and Aaron waiting to meet them, ²¹ and they said, “May the Lord look on you and judge^(S) you! You have made us obnoxious^(T) to Pharaoh and his officials and have put a sword^(U) in their hand to kill us.”^(V)

God Promises Deliverance

²² Moses returned to the Lord and said, “Why, Lord, why have you brought trouble on this people?^(W) Is this why you sent me? ²³ Ever since I went to Pharaoh to speak in your name, he has brought trouble on this people, and you have not rescued^(X) your people at all.”

6 Then the Lord said to Moses, “Now you will see what I will do to Pharaoh: Because of my mighty hand^(Y) he will let them go;^(Z) because of my mighty hand he will drive them out of his country.”^(AA)

² God also said to Moses, “I am the Lord.^{(AB) 3} I appeared to Abraham, to Isaac and to Jacob as God Almighty,^[a](AC) but by my name^(AD) the Lord^[b](AE) I did not make myself fully known to them. ⁴ I also established my covenant^(AF) with them to give them the land^(AG) of Canaan, where they resided as foreigners.^{(AH) 5} Moreover, I have heard the groaning^(AI) of the Israelites, whom the Egyptians are enslaving, and I have remembered my covenant.^(AJ)

⁶ “Therefore, say to the Israelites: ‘I am the Lord, and I will bring you out from under the yoke of the Egyptians.^(AK) I will free you from being slaves to them, and I will redeem^(AL) you with an outstretched arm^(AM) and with mighty acts of judgment.^{(AN) 7} I will take you as my own people, and I will be your God.^(AO) Then you will know^(AP) that I am the Lord your God, who brought you out from under the yoke of the Egyptians. ⁸ And I will bring you to the land^(AQ) I swore^(AR) with uplifted hand^(AS) to give to Abraham, to Isaac and to Jacob.^(AT) I will give it to you as a possession. I am the Lord.’”^(AU)

⁹ Moses reported this to the Israelites, but they did not listen to him because of their discouragement and harsh labor.^(AV)

¹⁰ Then the Lord said to Moses, ¹¹ “Go, tell^(AW) Pharaoh king of Egypt to let the Israelites go out of his country.”^(AX)

¹² But Moses said to the Lord, “If the Israelites will not listen^(AY) to me, why would Pharaoh listen to me, since I speak with faltering lips^[c]?”^(AZ)

Family Record of Moses and Aaron

¹³ Now the Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron about the Israelites and Pharaoh king of Egypt, and he commanded them to bring the Israelites out of Egypt.^(BA)

²⁶ It was this Aaron and Moses to whom the Lord said, “Bring the Israelites out of Egypt^(BW) by their divisions.”^{(BX) 27} They were the ones who spoke to Pharaoh^(BY) king of Egypt about bringing the Israelites out of Egypt—this same Moses and Aaron.^(BZ)

Aaron to Speak for Moses

²⁸ Now when the Lord spoke to Moses in Egypt, ²⁹ he said to him, “I am the Lord.^(CA) Tell Pharaoh king of Egypt everything I tell you.”

³⁰ But Moses said to the Lord, “Since I speak with faltering lips,^(CB) why would Pharaoh listen to me?”

7 Then the Lord said to Moses, “See, I have made you like God^(CC) to Pharaoh, and your brother Aaron will be your prophet.^{(CD) 2} You are to say everything I command you, and your brother Aaron is to tell Pharaoh to let the Israelites go out of his country. ³ But I will harden Pharaoh’s heart,^(CE) and though I multiply my signs and wonders^(CF) in Egypt, ⁴ he will not listen^(CG) to you. Then I will lay my hand on Egypt and with mighty acts of judgment^(CH) I will bring out my divisions,^(CI) my people the Israelites. ⁵ And the Egyptians will know that I am the Lord^(CJ) when I stretch out my hand^(CK) against Egypt and bring the Israelites out of it.”

⁶ Moses and Aaron did just as the Lord commanded^(CL) them. ⁷ Moses was eighty years old^(CM) and Aaron eighty-three when they spoke to Pharaoh.

Aaron’s Staff Becomes a Snake

⁸ The Lord said to Moses and Aaron, ⁹ “When Pharaoh says to you, ‘Perform a miracle,^(CN)’ then say to Aaron, ‘Take your staff and throw it down before Pharaoh,’ and it will become a snake.”^(CO)

¹⁰ So Moses and Aaron went to Pharaoh and did just as the Lord commanded. Aaron threw his staff down in front of Pharaoh and his officials, and it became a snake. ¹¹ Pharaoh then summoned wise men and sorcerers,^(CP) and the Egyptian magicians^(CQ) also did the same things by their secret arts:^{(CR) 12} Each one threw down his staff and it became a snake. But Aaron’s staff swallowed up their staffs. ¹³ Yet Pharaoh’s heart^(CS) became hard and he would not listen^(CT) to them, just as the Lord had said.

The Plague of Blood

¹⁴ Then the Lord said to Moses, “Pharaoh’s heart is unyielding;^(CU) he refuses to let the people go. ¹⁵ Go to Pharaoh in the morning as he goes out to the river.^(CV) Confront him on the bank of the Nile,^(CW) and take in your hand the staff that was changed into a snake. ¹⁶ Then say to him, ‘The Lord, the God of the Hebrews, has sent me to say to you: Let my people go, so that they may worship^(CX) me in the wilderness. But until now you have not listened.^{(CY) 17} This is what the Lord says: By this you will know that I am the Lord:^(CZ) With the staff that is in my hand I will strike the water of the Nile, and it will be changed into blood.^{(DA) 18} The fish in the Nile will die, and the river will stink;^(DB) the Egyptians will not be able to drink its water.’”^(DC)

¹⁹ The Lord said to Moses, “Tell Aaron, ‘Take your staff^(DD) and stretch out your hand^(DE) over the waters of Egypt—over the streams and canals, over the ponds and all the reservoirs—and they will turn to blood.’ Blood will be everywhere in Egypt, even in vessels^[e] of wood and stone.”

²⁰ Moses and Aaron did just as the Lord had commanded.^(DF) He raised his staff in the presence of Pharaoh and his officials and struck the water of the Nile,^(DG) and all the water was changed into blood.^{(DH) 21} The fish in the Nile died, and the river smelled so bad that the Egyptians could not drink its water. Blood was everywhere in Egypt.

²² But the Egyptian magicians^(DI) did the same things by their secret arts,^(DJ) and Pharaoh’s heart^(DK) became hard; he would not listen to Moses and Aaron, just as the Lord had said. ²³ Instead, he turned and went into his palace, and did not take even this to heart. ²⁴ And all the Egyptians dug along the Nile to get drinking water^(DL), because they could not drink the water of the river.

The Plague of Frogs

²⁵ Seven days passed after the Lord struck the Nile. 8 ^1 [f]Then the Lord said to Moses, “Go to Pharaoh and say to him, ‘This is what the Lord says: Let my people go, so that they may worship^(DM) me. ² If you refuse to let them go, I will send a plague of frogs^(DN) on your whole country. ³ The Nile will teem with frogs. They will come up into your palace and your bedroom and onto your bed, into the houses of your officials and on your people,^(DO) and into your ovens and kneading troughs.^{(DP) 4} The frogs will come up on you and your people and all your officials.’”

⁵ Then the Lord said to Moses, “Tell Aaron, ‘Stretch out your hand with your staff^(DQ) over the streams and canals and ponds, and make frogs^(DR) come up on the land of Egypt.’”

⁶ So Aaron stretched out his hand over the waters of Egypt, and the frogs^(DS) came up and covered the land. ⁷ But the magicians did the same things by their secret arts;^(DT) they also made frogs come up on the land of Egypt.

⁸ Pharaoh summoned Moses and Aaron and said, “Pray^(DU) to the Lord to take the frogs away from me and my people, and I will let your people go to offer sacrifices^(DV) to the Lord.”

⁹ Moses said to Pharaoh, “I leave to you the honor of setting the time^(DW) for me to pray for you and your officials and your people that you and your houses may be rid of the frogs, except for those that remain in the Nile.”

¹⁰ “Tomorrow,” Pharaoh said.

Moses replied, “It will be as you say, so that you may know there is no one like the Lord our God.^{(DX) 11} The frogs will leave you and your houses, your officials and your people; they will remain only in the Nile.”

¹² After Moses and Aaron left Pharaoh, Moses cried out to the Lord about the frogs he had brought on Pharaoh. ¹³ And the Lord did what Moses asked.^(DY) The frogs died in the houses, in the courtyards and in the fields. ¹⁴ They were piled into heaps, and the land reeked of them. ¹⁵ But when Pharaoh saw that there was relief,^(DZ) he hardened his heart^(EA) and would not listen to Moses and Aaron, just as the Lord had said.

The Plague of Gnats

¹⁶ Then the Lord said to Moses, “Tell Aaron, ‘Stretch out your staff^(EB) and strike the dust of the ground,’ and throughout the land of Egypt the dust will become gnats.” ¹⁷ They did this, and when Aaron stretched out his hand with the staff and struck the dust of the ground, gnats^(EC) came on people and animals. All the dust throughout the land of Egypt became gnats. ¹⁸ But when the magicians^(ED) tried to produce gnats by their secret arts,^(EE) they could not.

Since the gnats were on people and animals everywhere, ¹⁹ the magicians said to Pharaoh, “This is the finger^(EF) of God.” But Pharaoh’s heart^(EG) was hard and he would not listen,^(EH) just as the Lord had said.

The Plague of Flies

²⁰ Then the Lord said to Moses, “Get up early in the morning^(EI) and confront Pharaoh as he goes to the river and say to him, ‘This is what the Lord says: Let my people go, so that they may worship^(EJ) me. ²¹ If you do not let my people go, I will send swarms of flies on you and your officials, on your people and into your houses. The houses of the Egyptians will be full of flies; even the ground will be covered with them.

²² “‘But on that day I will deal differently with the land of Goshen,^(EK) where my people live;^(EL) no swarms of flies will be there, so that you will know^(EM) that I, the Lord, am in this land. ²³ I will make a distinction^[g] between my people and your people.^(EN) This sign will occur tomorrow.’”

²⁴ And the Lord did this. Dense swarms of flies poured into Pharaoh’s palace and into the houses of his officials; throughout Egypt the land was ruined by the flies.^(EO)

²⁵ Then Pharaoh summoned^(EP) Moses and Aaron and said, “Go, sacrifice to your God here in the land.”

²⁶ But Moses said, “That would not be right. The sacrifices we offer the Lord our God would be detestable to the Egyptians.^(EQ) And if we offer sacrifices that are detestable in their eyes, will they not stone us? ²⁷ We must take a three-day journey^(ER) into the wilderness to offer sacrifices^(ES) to the Lord our God, as he commands us.”

²⁸ Pharaoh said, “I will let you go to offer sacrifices to the Lord your God in the wilderness, but you must not go very far. Now pray^(ET) for me.”

²⁹ Moses answered, “As soon as I leave you, I will pray to the Lord, and tomorrow the flies will leave Pharaoh and his officials and his people. Only let Pharaoh be sure that he does not act deceitfully^(EU) again by not letting the people go to offer sacrifices to the Lord.”

³⁰ Then Moses left Pharaoh and prayed to the Lord,^{(EV) 31} and the Lord did what Moses asked. The flies left Pharaoh and his officials and his people; not a fly remained. ³² But this time also Pharaoh hardened his heart^(EW) and would not let the people go.

The Plague on Livestock

9 Then the Lord said to Moses, “Go to Pharaoh and say to him, ‘This is what the Lord, the God of the Hebrews, says: “Let my people go, so that they may worship^(EX) me.” ² If you refuse to let them go and continue to hold them back, ³ the hand^(EY) of the Lord will bring a terrible plague^(EZ) on your livestock in the field—on your horses, donkeys and camels and on your cattle, sheep and goats. ⁴ But the Lord will make a distinction between the livestock of Israel and that of Egypt,^(FA) so that no animal belonging to the Israelites will die.’”

⁵ The Lord set a time and said, “Tomorrow the Lord will do this in the land.” ⁶ And the next day the Lord did it: All the livestock^(FB) of the Egyptians died,^(FC) but not one animal belonging to the Israelites died. ⁷ Pharaoh investigated and found that not even one of the animals of the Israelites had died. Yet his heart^(FD) was unyielding and he would not let the people go.^(FE)

The Plague of Boils

⁸ Then the Lord said to Moses and Aaron, “Take handfuls of soot from a furnace and have Moses toss it into the air in the presence of Pharaoh. ⁹ It will become fine dust over the whole land of Egypt, and festering boils^(FF) will break out on people and animals throughout the land.”

¹⁰ So they took soot from a furnace and stood before Pharaoh. Moses tossed it into the air, and festering boils broke out on people and animals. ¹¹ The magicians^(FG) could not stand before Moses because of the boils that were on them and on all the Egyptians. ¹² But the Lord hardened Pharaoh’s heart^(FH) and he would not listen^(FI) to Moses and Aaron, just as the Lord had said to Moses.

The Plague of Hail

¹³ Then the Lord said to Moses, “Get up early in the morning, confront Pharaoh and say to him, ‘This is what the Lord, the God of the Hebrews, says: Let my people go, so that they may worship^(FJ) me, ¹⁴ or this time I will send the full force of my plagues against you and against your officials and your people, so you may know^(FK) that there is no one like^(FL) me in all the earth. ¹⁵ For by now I could have stretched out my hand and struck you and your people^(FM) with a plague that would have wiped you off the earth. ¹⁶ But I have raised you up^[h] for this very purpose,^(FN) that I might show you my power^(FO) and that my name might be proclaimed in all the earth. ¹⁷ You still set yourself against my people and will not let them go. ¹⁸ Therefore, at this time tomorrow I will send the worst hailstorm^(FP) that has ever fallen on Egypt, from the day it was founded till now.^{(FQ) 19} Give an order now to bring your livestock and everything you have in the field to a place of shelter, because the hail will fall on every person and animal that has not been brought in and is still out in the field, and they will die.’”

²⁰ Those officials of Pharaoh who feared^(FR) the word of the Lord hurried to bring their slaves and their livestock inside. ²¹ But those who ignored^(FS) the word of the Lord left their slaves and livestock in the field.

²² Then the Lord said to Moses, “Stretch out your hand toward the sky so that hail will fall all over Egypt—on people and animals and on everything growing in the fields of Egypt.” ²³ When Moses stretched out his staff toward the sky, the Lord sent thunder^(FT) and hail,^(FU) and lightning flashed down to the ground. So the Lord rained hail on the land of Egypt; ²⁴ hail fell and lightning flashed back and forth. It was the worst storm in all the land of Egypt since it had become a nation.^{(FV) 25} Throughout Egypt hail struck everything in the fields—both people and animals; it beat down everything growing in the fields and stripped every tree.^{(FW) 26} The only place it did not hail was the land of Goshen,^(FX) where the Israelites were.^(FY)

²⁷ Then Pharaoh summoned Moses and Aaron. “This time I have sinned,”^(FZ) he said to them. “The Lord is in the right,^(GA) and I and my people are in the wrong. ²⁸ Pray^(GB) to the Lord, for we have had enough thunder and hail. I will let you go;^(GC) you don’t have to stay any longer.”

²⁹ Moses replied, “When I have gone out of the city, I will spread out my hands^(GD) in prayer to the Lord. The thunder will stop and there will be no more hail, so you may know that the earth^(GE) is the Lord’s. ³⁰ But I know that you and your officials still do not fear^(GF) the Lord God.”

³¹ (The flax and barley^(GG) were destroyed, since the barley had headed and the flax was in bloom. ³² The wheat and spelt,^(GH) however, were not destroyed, because they ripen later.)

³³ Then Moses left Pharaoh and went out of the city. He spread out his hands toward the Lord; the thunder and hail stopped, and the rain no longer poured down on the land. ³⁴ When Pharaoh saw that the rain and hail and thunder had stopped, he sinned again: He and his officials hardened their hearts. ³⁵ So Pharaoh’s heart^(GI) was hard and he would not let the Israelites go, just as the Lord had said through Moses.

The Plague of Locusts

10 Then the Lord said to Moses, “Go to Pharaoh, for I have hardened his heart^(GJ) and the hearts of his officials so that I may perform these signs^(GK) of mine among them ² that you may tell your children^(GL) and grandchildren how I dealt harshly^(GM) with the Egyptians and how I performed my signs among them, and that you may know that I am the Lord.”^(GN)

³ So Moses and Aaron went to Pharaoh and said to him, “This is what the Lord, the God of the Hebrews, says: ‘How long will you refuse to humble^(GO) yourself before me? Let my people go, so that they may worship me. ⁴ If you refuse^(GP) to let them go, I will bring locusts^(GQ) into your country tomorrow. ⁵ They will cover the face of the ground so that it cannot be seen. They will devour what little you have left^(GR) after the hail, including every tree that is growing in your fields.^{(GS) 6} They will fill your houses^(GT) and those of all your officials and all the Egyptians—something neither your parents nor your ancestors have ever seen from the day they settled in this land till now.’”^(GU) Then Moses turned and left Pharaoh.

⁷ Pharaoh’s officials said to him, “How long will this man be a snare^(GV) to us? Let the people go, so that they may worship the Lord their God. Do you not yet realize that Egypt is ruined?”^(GW)

⁸ Then Moses and Aaron were brought back to Pharaoh. “Go, worship^(GX) the Lord your God,” he said. “But tell me who will be going.”

⁹ Moses answered, “We will go with our young and our old, with our sons and our daughters, and with our flocks and herds, because we are to celebrate a festival^(GY) to the Lord.”

¹⁰ Pharaoh said, “The Lord be with you—if I let you go, along with your women and children! Clearly you are bent on evil.^{[i] 11} No! Have only the men go and worship the Lord, since that’s what you have been asking for.” Then Moses and Aaron were driven out of Pharaoh’s presence.

¹² And the Lord said to Moses, “Stretch out your hand^(GZ) over Egypt so that locusts swarm over the land and devour everything growing in the fields, everything left by the hail.”

¹³ So Moses stretched out his staff^(HA) over Egypt, and the Lord made an east wind blow across the land all that day and all that night. By morning the wind had brought the locusts;^{(HB) 14} they invaded all Egypt and settled down in every area of the country in great numbers. Never before had there been such a plague of locusts,^(HC) nor will there ever be again. ¹⁵ They covered all the ground until it was black. They devoured^(HD) all that was left after the hail—everything growing in the fields and the fruit on the trees. Nothing green remained on tree or plant in all the land of Egypt.

¹⁶ Pharaoh quickly summoned^(HE) Moses and Aaron and said, “I have sinned^(HF) against the Lord your God and against you. ¹⁷ Now forgive^(HG) my sin once more and pray^(HH) to the Lord your God to take this deadly plague away from me.”

¹⁸ Moses then left Pharaoh and prayed to the Lord.^{(HI) 19} And the Lord changed the wind to a very strong west wind, which caught up the locusts and carried them into the Red Sea.^[j] Not a locust was left anywhere in Egypt. ²⁰ But the Lord hardened Pharaoh’s heart,^(HJ) and he would not let the Israelites go.

The Plague of Darkness

²¹ Then the Lord said to Moses, “Stretch out your hand toward the sky so that darkness^(HK) spreads over Egypt—darkness that can be felt.” ²² So Moses stretched out his hand toward the sky, and total darkness^(HL) covered all Egypt for three days. ²³ No one could see anyone else or move about for three days. Yet all the Israelites had light in the places where they lived.^(HM)

²⁴ Then Pharaoh summoned Moses and said, “Go,^(HN) worship the Lord. Even your women and children^(HO) may go with you; only leave your flocks and herds behind.”^(HP)

²⁵ But Moses said, “You must allow us to have sacrifices and burnt offerings^(HQ) to present to the Lord our God. ²⁶ Our livestock too must go with us; not a hoof is to be left behind. We have to use some of them in worshiping the Lord our God, and until we get there we will not know what we are to use to worship the Lord.”

²⁷ But the Lord hardened Pharaoh’s heart,^(HR) and he was not willing to let them go. ²⁸ Pharaoh said to Moses, “Get out of my sight! Make sure you do not appear before me again! The day you see my face you will die.”

²⁹ “Just as you say,” Moses replied. “I will never appear^(HS) before you again.”

The Plague on the Firstborn

11 Now the Lord had said to Moses, “I will bring one more plague on Pharaoh and on Egypt. After that, he will let you go^(HT) from here, and when he does, he will drive you out completely.^{(HU) 2} Tell the people that men and women alike are to ask their neighbors for articles of silver and gold.”^{(HV) 3} (The Lord made the Egyptians favorably disposed^(HW) toward the people, and Moses himself was highly regarded^(HX) in Egypt by Pharaoh’s officials and by the people.)

⁴ So Moses said, “This is what the Lord says: ‘About midnight^(HY) I will go throughout Egypt.^{(HZ) 5} Every firstborn^(IA) son in Egypt will die, from the firstborn son of Pharaoh, who sits on the throne, to the firstborn son of the female slave, who is at her hand mill,^(IB) and all the firstborn of the cattle as well. ⁶ There will be loud wailing^(IC) throughout Egypt—worse than there has ever been or ever will be again. ⁷ But among the Israelites not a dog will bark at any person or animal.’ Then you will know that the Lord makes a distinction^(ID) between Egypt and Israel. ⁸ All these officials of yours will come to me, bowing down before me and saying, ‘Go,^(IE) you and all the people who follow you!’ After that I will leave.”^(IF) Then Moses, hot with anger, left Pharaoh.

⁹ The Lord had said to Moses, “Pharaoh will refuse to listen^(IG) to you—so that my wonders^(IH) may be multiplied in Egypt.” ¹⁰ Moses and Aaron performed all these wonders before Pharaoh, but the Lord hardened Pharaoh’s heart,^(II) and he would not let the Israelites go out of his country.

The Passover and the Festival of Unleavened Bread^(IJ)

12 The Lord said to Moses and Aaron in Egypt, ² “This month is to be for you the first month,^(IK) the first month of your year. ³ Tell the whole community of Israel that on the tenth day of this month each man is to take a lamb^[k](IL) for his family, one for each household.^{(IM) 4} If any household is too small for a whole lamb, they must share one with their nearest neighbor, having taken into account the number of people there are. You are to determine the amount of lamb needed in accordance with what each person will eat. ⁵ The animals you choose must be year-old males without defect,^(IN) and you may take them from the sheep or the goats. ⁶ Take care of them until the fourteenth day of the month,^(IO) when all the members of the community of Israel must slaughter them at twilight.^{(IP) 7} Then they are to take some of the blood^(IQ) and put it on the sides and tops of the doorframes of the houses where they eat the lambs. ⁸ That same night^(IR) they are to eat the meat roasted^(IS) over the fire, along with bitter herbs,^(IT) and bread made without yeast.^{(IU) 9} Do not eat the meat raw or boiled in water, but roast it over a fire—with the head, legs and internal organs.^{(IV) 10} Do not leave any of it till morning;^(IW) if some is left till morning, you must burn it. ¹¹ This is how you are to eat it: with your cloak tucked into your belt, your sandals on your feet and your staff in your hand. Eat it in haste;^(IX) it is the Lord’s Passover.^(IY)

¹² “On that same night I will pass through^(IZ) Egypt and strike down^(JA) every firstborn^(JB) of both people and animals, and I will bring judgment on all the gods^(JC) of Egypt. I am the Lord.^{(JD) 13} The blood will be a sign for you on the houses where you are, and when I see the blood, I will pass over^(JE) you. No destructive plague will touch you when I strike Egypt.^(JF)

¹⁴ “This is a day you are to commemorate;^(JG) for the generations to come you shall celebrate it as a festival to the Lord—a lasting ordinance.^{(JH) 15} For seven days you are to eat bread made without yeast.^(JI) On the first day remove the yeast from your houses, for whoever eats anything with yeast in it from the first day through the seventh must be cut off^(JJ) from Israel. ¹⁶ On the first day hold a sacred assembly, and another one on the seventh day. Do no work^(JK) at all on these days, except to prepare food for everyone to eat; that is all you may do.

¹⁷ “Celebrate the Festival of Unleavened Bread,^(JL) because it was on this very day that I brought your divisions out of Egypt.^(JM) Celebrate this day as a lasting ordinance for the generations to come.^{(JN) 18} In the first month^(JO) you are to eat bread made without yeast, from the evening of the fourteenth day until the evening of the twenty-first day. ¹⁹ For seven days no yeast is to be found in your houses. And anyone, whether foreigner^(JP) or native-born, who eats anything with yeast in it must be cut off^(JQ) from the community of Israel. ²⁰ Eat nothing made with yeast. Wherever you live,^(JR) you must eat unleavened bread.”^(JS)

²¹ Then Moses summoned all the elders of Israel and said to them, “Go at once and select the animals for your families and slaughter the Passover^(JT) lamb. ²² Take a bunch of hyssop,^(JU) dip it into the blood in the basin and put some of the blood^(JV) on the top and on both sides of the doorframe. None of you shall go out of the door of your house until morning. ²³ When the Lord goes through the land to strike^(JW) down the Egyptians, he will see the blood^(JX) on the top and sides of the doorframe and will pass over^(JY) that doorway, and he will not permit the destroyer^(JZ) to enter your houses and strike you down.

²⁴ “Obey these instructions as a lasting ordinance^(KA) for you and your descendants. ²⁵ When you enter the land^(KB) that the Lord will give you as he promised, observe this ceremony. ²⁶ And when your children^(KC) ask you, ‘What does this ceremony mean to you?’ ²⁷ then tell them, ‘It is the Passover^(KD) sacrifice to the Lord, who passed over the houses of the Israelites in Egypt and spared our homes when he struck down the Egyptians.’”^(KE) Then the people bowed down and worshiped.^{(KF) 28} The Israelites did just what the Lord commanded^(KG) Moses and Aaron.

²⁹ At midnight^(KH) the Lord^(KI) struck down all the firstborn^(KJ) in Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh, who sat on the throne, to the firstborn of the prisoner, who was in the dungeon, and the firstborn of all the livestock^(KK) as well. ³⁰ Pharaoh and all his officials and all the Egyptians got up during the night, and there was loud wailing^(KL) in Egypt, for there was not a house without someone dead.

The Exodus

³¹ During the night Pharaoh summoned Moses and Aaron and said, “Up! Leave my people, you and the Israelites! Go, worship^(KM) the Lord as you have requested. ³² Take your flocks and herds,^(KN) as you have said, and go. And also bless^(KO) me.”

³³ The Egyptians urged the people to hurry^(KP) and leave^(KQ) the country. “For otherwise,” they said, “we will all die!”^{(KR) 34} So the people took their dough before the yeast was added, and carried it on their shoulders in kneading troughs^(KS) wrapped in clothing. ³⁵ The Israelites did as Moses instructed and asked the Egyptians for articles of silver and gold^(KT) and for clothing.^{(KU) 36} The Lord had made the Egyptians favorably disposed^(KV) toward the people, and they gave them what they asked for; so they plundered^(KW) the Egyptians.

³⁷ The Israelites journeyed from Rameses^(KX) to Sukkoth.^(KY) There were about six hundred thousand men^(KZ) on foot, besides women and children. ³⁸ Many other people^(LA) went up with them, and also large droves of livestock, both flocks and herds. ³⁹ With the dough the Israelites had brought from Egypt, they baked loaves of unleavened bread. The dough was without yeast because they had been driven out^(LB) of Egypt and did not have time to prepare food for themselves.

⁴⁰ Now the length of time the Israelite people lived in Egypt^[l] was 430 years.^{(LC) 41} At the end of the 430 years, to the very day, all the Lord’s divisions^(LD) left Egypt.^{(LE) 42} Because the Lord kept vigil that night to bring them out of Egypt, on this night all the Israelites are to keep vigil to honor the Lord for the generations to come.^(LF)

Passover Restrictions

⁴³ The Lord said to Moses and Aaron, “These are the regulations for the Passover meal:^(LG)

“No foreigner^(LH) may eat it. ⁴⁴ Any slave you have bought may eat it after you have circumcised^(LI) him, ⁴⁵ but a temporary resident or a hired worker^(LJ) may not eat it.

⁴⁶ “It must be eaten inside the house; take none of the meat outside the house. Do not break any of the bones.^{(LK) 47} The whole community of Israel must celebrate it.

⁴⁸ “A foreigner residing among you who wants to celebrate the Lord’s Passover must have all the males in his household circumcised; then he may take part like one born in the land.^(LL) No uncircumcised^(LM) male may eat it. ⁴⁹ The same law applies both to the native-born and to the foreigner^(LN) residing among you.”

⁵⁰ All the Israelites did just what the Lord had commanded^(LO) Moses and Aaron. ⁵¹ And on that very day the Lord brought the Israelites out of Egypt^(LP) by their divisions.^(LQ)

Consecration of the Firstborn

13 The Lord said to Moses, ² “Consecrate to me every firstborn male.^(LR) The first offspring of every womb among the Israelites belongs to me, whether human or animal.”

³ Then Moses said to the people, “Commemorate this day, the day you came out of Egypt,^(LS) out of the land of slavery, because the Lord brought you out of it with a mighty hand.^(LT) Eat nothing containing yeast.^{(LU) 4} Today, in the month of Aviv,^(LV) you are leaving. ⁵ When the Lord brings you into the land of the Canaanites,^(LW) Hittites, Amorites, Hivites and Jebusites^(LX)—the land he swore to your ancestors to give you, a land flowing with milk and honey^(LY)—you are to observe this ceremony^(LZ) in this month: ⁶ For seven days eat bread made without yeast and on the seventh day hold a festival^(MA) to the Lord. ⁷ Eat unleavened bread during those seven days; nothing with yeast in it is to be seen among you, nor shall any yeast be seen anywhere within your borders. ⁸ On that day tell your son,^(MB) ‘I do this because of what the Lord did for me when I came out of Egypt.’ ⁹ This observance will be for you like a sign on your hand^(MC) and a reminder on your forehead^(MD) that this law of the Lord is to be on your lips. For the Lord brought you out of Egypt with his mighty hand.^{(ME) 10} You must keep this ordinance^(MF) at the appointed time^(MG) year after year.

¹¹ “After the Lord brings you into the land of the Canaanites^(MH) and gives it to you, as he promised on oath^(MI) to you and your ancestors,^{(MJ) 12} you are to give over to the Lord the first offspring of every womb. All the firstborn males of your livestock belong to the Lord.^{(MK) 13} Redeem with a lamb every firstborn donkey,^(ML) but if you do not redeem it, break its neck.^(MM) Redeem^(MN) every firstborn among your sons.^(MO)

¹⁴ “In days to come, when your son^(MP) asks you, ‘What does this mean?’ say to him, ‘With a mighty hand the Lord brought us out of Egypt, out of the land of slavery.^{(MQ) 15} When Pharaoh stubbornly refused to let us go, the Lord killed the firstborn of both people and animals in Egypt. This is why I sacrifice to the Lord the first male offspring of every womb and redeem each of my firstborn sons.’^(MR)