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The People Go to Egypt

43 I told the people everything the Lord had told me. But Azariah, Johanan[a] and some other arrogant men said to me, “You're lying! The Lord didn't tell you to say that we shouldn't go to Egypt. Baruch son of Neriah must have told you to say that. He wants the Babylonians to capture us, so they can take us away to Babylonia or even kill us.”

Johanan, the other army officers, and everyone else refused to stay in Judah in spite of the Lord's command. (A) So Johanan and the officers led us away toward Egypt. The group that left Judah included those who had been scattered in other countries and who had then come back to live in Judah. Baruch and I and others in the group had been staying with Gedaliah, because Nebuzaradan, the Babylonian officer in charge of the guard, had ordered him to take care of the king's daughters and quite a few men, women, and children.

The people disobeyed the Lord and went to Egypt. The group had settled in Tahpanhes, when the Lord told me:

Jeremiah, carry some large stones to the entrance of the government building in Tahpanhes. Bury the stones underneath the brick pavement[b] and be sure the Jews are watching.

10 Then tell them that I, the Lord All-Powerful, the God of Israel, have sent for my servant, Nebuchadnezzar[c] of Babylonia. I will bring him here and have him set up his throne and his royal tent over these stones that I told you to bury. 11 He will attack Egypt and kill many of its people; others will die of disease or be dragged away as prisoners. 12-13 I will let him set Egypt's temples on fire, and he will either burn or carry off their idols. He will destroy the sacred monuments at the temple of the sun-god.[d] Then Nebuchadnezzar will pick the land clean, just like a shepherd picking the lice off his clothes. And he will return safely home.

The Lord Will Destroy the People of Judah

44 The Lord told me to speak with the Jews who were living in the towns of Migdol, Tahpanhes, and Memphis in northern Egypt, and also to those living in southern Egypt. He told me to tell them:

I am the Lord All-Powerful, the God of Israel. You saw how I destroyed Jerusalem and the towns of Judah. They lie empty and in ruins today, because the people of Judah made me angry by worshiping gods that had never helped them or their ancestors.

Time after time I sent my servants the prophets to tell the people of Judah how much I hated their disgusting sins. The prophets warned them to stop sinning, but they refused to listen and would not stop worshiping other gods. Finally, my anger struck like a raging flood, and today Jerusalem and the towns of Judah are nothing but empty ruins.

Why do you now insist on heading for another disaster? A disaster that will destroy not only you, but also your children and babies. You have made me angry by worshiping idols and burning incense to other gods after you came here to Egypt. You will die such a disgusting death, that other nations will use the name of Judah as a curse word. When you were living in Jerusalem and Judah, you followed the example of your ancestors in doing evil things, just like your kings and queens. 10 Even now, your pride keeps you from respecting me and obeying the laws and teachings I gave you and your ancestors.

11 I, the Lord All-Powerful, have decided to wipe you out with disasters. 12 There were only a few of you left in Judah, and you decided to go to Egypt. But you will die such horrible deaths in war or from starvation, that people of other countries will use the name of Judah as a curse word. 13 I punished Jerusalem with war, hunger, and disease, and that's how I will punish you. 14 None of you will survive. You may hope to return to Judah someday, but only a very few of you will escape death and be able to go back.

The People Refuse To Worship the Lord

15 A large number of Jews from both northern and southern Egypt listened to me as I told them what the Lord had said. Most of the men in the crowd knew that their wives often burned incense to other gods. So they and their wives shouted:

16 Jeremiah, what do we care if you speak in the Lord's name? We refuse to listen! 17 We have promised to worship the goddess Astarte, the Queen of Heaven,[e] and that is exactly what we are going to do. We will burn incense and offer sacrifices of wine to her, just as we, our ancestors, our kings, and our leaders did when we lived in Jerusalem and the other towns of Judah. We had plenty of food back then. We were well off, and nothing bad ever happened to us. 18 But since the time we stopped burning incense and offering wine sacrifices to her, we have been dying from war and hunger.

19 Then the women said, “When we lived in Judah, we worshiped the Queen of Heaven and offered sacrifices of wine and special loaves of bread shaped like her. Our husbands knew what we were doing, and they approved of it.”

20 Then I told the crowd:

21 Don't you think the Lord knew that you and your ancestors, your leaders and kings, and the rest of the people were burning incense to other gods in Jerusalem and everywhere else in Judah? 22 And when he could no longer put up with your disgusting sins, he placed a curse on your land and turned it into a desert, as it is today. 23 This disaster happened because you worshiped other gods and rebelled against the Lord by refusing to obey him or follow his laws and teachings.

24-25 Then I told the men and their wives, that the Lord All-Powerful, the God of Israel, had said:

Here in Egypt you still keep your promises to burn incense and offer sacrifices of wine to the so-called Queen of Heaven. 26 Keep these promises! But let me tell you what will happen. As surely as I am the Lord God, I swear that I will never again accept any promises you make in my name. 27 Instead of watching over you, I will watch for chances to harm you. Some of you will die in war, and others will starve to death. 28 Only a few will escape and return to Judah. Then everyone who went to live in Egypt will know that when I say something will happen, it will—no matter what you say.

29 And here is how you will know that I will keep my threats to punish you in Egypt. 30 (B) I will hand over King Hophra of Egypt to those who want to kill him,[f] just as I handed Zedekiah[g] over to Nebuchadnezzar,[h] who wanted to kill him.

The Lord Will Not Let Baruch Be Killed

45 (C) In the fourth year that Jehoiakim[i] was king of Judah, Baruch wrote down everything I had told him.[j] Then later, the Lord God of Israel told me to say to Baruch:

You are moaning and blaming me, the Lord, for your troubles and sorrow, and for being so tired that you can't even rest. But all over the earth I am tearing down what I built and pulling up what I planted. I am bringing disaster everywhere, so don't even think about making any big plans for yourself. However, I promise that wherever you go, I will at least protect you from death. I, the Lord, have spoken.

The Lord Speaks to Jeremiah about the Nations

46 The Lord often told me what to say about the different nations of the world.

What the Lord Says about Egypt

(D) In the fourth year that Jehoiakim[k] was king of Judah, King Nebuchadnezzar[l] of Babylonia defeated King Neco of Egypt[m] in a battle at the city of Carchemish near the Euphrates River. And here is what the Lord told me to say about the Egyptian army:

It's time to go into battle!
    So grab your shields,
    saddle your horses,
    and polish your spears.
Put on your helmets and armor,
    then take your positions.

I can see the battle now—
    you are defeated
and running away,
    never once looking back.
Terror is all around.
You are strong and run fast,
    but you can't escape.
You fall in battle
    near the Euphrates River.

What nation is this,
that rises like the Nile River
    overflowing its banks?
It is Egypt, rising with a roar
like a raging river
    and saying,
“I'll flood the earth,
destroying cities, and killing
    everyone in them.”

Go ahead, Egypt.
Tell your chariots and cavalry
    to attack and fight hard.
Order your troops to march out,
with Ethiopians[n] and Libyans
    carrying shields,
and the Lydians[o] armed with bows
    and arrows.

10 But the Lord All-Powerful
    will win this battle
and take revenge
    on his enemies.
His sword will eat them
and drink their blood
    until it is full.
They will be killed in the north
near the Euphrates River,
    as a sacrifice to the Lord.

11 Egypt, no medicine can heal you,
not even the soothing lotion
    from Gilead.
12 All nations have heard you weep;
you are disgraced,
    and they know it.
Your troops fall to the ground,
    stumbling over each other.

A Warning for Egypt

13-14 (E) When King Nebuchadnezzar[p] of Babylonia was on his way to attack Egypt, the Lord sent me with a warning for every Egyptian town, but especially for Migdol, Memphis, and Tahpanhes. He said to tell them:

Prepare to defend yourselves!
Everywhere in your nation,
    people are dying in war.
15 I have struck down
your mighty god Apis[q]
    and chased him away.[r]
16 Your soldiers stumble
    over each other
and say, “Get up!
    The enemy will kill us,
unless we can escape
    to our own land.”

17 Give the king of Egypt
    this new name,
“Talks-Big-Does-Nothing.”

18 Egypt, I am the true king,
    the Lord All-Powerful,
and as surely as I live,
those enemies who attack
    will tower over you
like Mount Tabor among the hills
    or Mount Carmel by the sea.
19 You will be led away captive,
so pack a few things
    to bring with you.
Your capital, Memphis,
    will lie empty and in ruins.

20 An enemy from the north
will attack you, beautiful Egypt,
    like a fly biting a cow.
21 The foreign soldiers you hired
    will turn and run.
But they are doomed,
like well-fed calves
    being led to the butcher.

* 22 The enemy army will go forward
    like a swarm of locusts.[s]
Your troops will feel helpless,
    like a snake in a forest
23 when men with axes
    start chopping down trees.
It can only hiss
    and try to escape.
24 Your people will be disgraced
and captured by the enemy
    from the north.

25 I am the Lord All-Powerful, the God of Israel. Soon I will punish the god Amon of Thebes[t] and the other Egyptian gods, the Egyptian kings, the people of Egypt, and everyone who trusts in the Egyptian power. 26 I will hand them over to King Nebuchadnezzar and his army. But I also promise that Egypt will someday have people living here again, just as it had before. I, the Lord, have spoken.

The Lord Will Bring Israel Home

The Lord said:

27 (F) Israel,[u] don't be afraid.
Someday I will bring you home
    from foreign lands.
You and your descendants
will live in peace and safety,
    with nothing to fear.
28 So don't be afraid,
even though now
    you deserve to be punished
and have been scattered
    among other nations.
But when I destroy them,
    I will protect you.
I, the Lord, have spoken.

Footnotes

  1. 43.2 Azariah, Johanan: Hebrew “Azariah son of Hoshaiah, Johanan son of Kareah.”
  2. 43.9 underneath the brick pavement: One possible meaning for the difficult Hebrew text.
  3. 43.10 Nebuchadnezzar: See the note at 21.2.
  4. 43.12,13 at the temple of the sun-god: Or “in the city of Heliopolis.”
  5. 44.17 the goddess Astarte, the Queen of Heaven: The Hebrew text has “the queen of heaven,” which probably refers to the goddess Astarte.
  6. 44.30 King Hophra … kill him: Hophra, also known as Apries, ruled Egypt from 589 to 570 b.c., when he was killed by Ahmosis II, who then became king of Egypt and ruled until 526 b.c.
  7. 44.30 Zedekiah: See the note at 1.3.
  8. 44.30 Nebuchadnezzar: See the note at 21.2.
  9. 45.1 Jehoiakim: See the note at 1.3.
  10. 45.1 Baruch wrote down everything I had told him: See 36.1-32.
  11. 46.2 Jehoiakim: See the note at 1.3.
  12. 46.2 King Nebuchadnezzar: Ruled 605–562 b.c. At the time of the battle in 605 b.c., he was crown prince, but his father died a few months later, and he became king.
  13. 46.2 King Neco of Egypt: Neco II, ruled 609–594 b.c.
  14. 46.9 Ethiopians: See the note at 38.7,8.
  15. 46.9 Lydians: Probably hired soldiers from Lydia, an area in west-central Asia minor.
  16. 46.13,14 Nebuchadnezzar: See the note at 21.2.
  17. 46.15 Apis: A sacred bull, kept in a temple at Memphis, Egypt, and worshiped as a god.
  18. 46.15 I have … him away: One possible meaning for the difficult Hebrew text.
  19. 46.22 locusts: A type of grasshopper that comes in swarms and causes great damage to plant life.
  20. 46.25 the god Amon of Thebes: Amon was the king of the Egyptian gods and was the special god of the Egyptian kings.
  21. 46.27 Israel: See the note at 30.10.

43 When Jeremiah had finished telling the people all the words of the Lord their God—everything the Lord had sent him to tell them(A) Azariah son of Hoshaiah(B) and Johanan(C) son of Kareah and all the arrogant(D) men said to Jeremiah, “You are lying!(E) The Lord our God has not sent you to say, ‘You must not go to Egypt to settle there.’(F) But Baruch(G) son of Neriah is inciting you against us to hand us over to the Babylonians,[a] so they may kill us or carry us into exile to Babylon.”(H)

So Johanan son of Kareah and all the army officers and all the people(I) disobeyed the Lord’s command(J) to stay in the land of Judah.(K) Instead, Johanan son of Kareah and all the army officers led away all the remnant of Judah who had come back to live in the land of Judah from all the nations where they had been scattered.(L) They also led away all those whom Nebuzaradan commander of the imperial guard had left with Gedaliah son of Ahikam, the son of Shaphan—the men, the women,(M) the children and the king’s daughters. And they took Jeremiah the prophet and Baruch(N) son of Neriah along with them. So they entered Egypt(O) in disobedience to the Lord and went as far as Tahpanhes.(P)

In Tahpanhes(Q) the word of the Lord came to Jeremiah: “While the Jews are watching, take some large stones(R) with you and bury them in clay in the brick(S) pavement at the entrance to Pharaoh’s palace(T) in Tahpanhes. 10 Then say to them, ‘This is what the Lord Almighty, the God of Israel, says: I will send for my servant(U) Nebuchadnezzar(V) king of Babylon, and I will set his throne(W) over these stones I have buried here; he will spread his royal canopy(X) above them. 11 He will come and attack Egypt,(Y) bringing death(Z) to those destined(AA) for death, captivity to those destined for captivity,(AB) and the sword to those destined for the sword.(AC) 12 He will set fire(AD) to the temples(AE) of the gods(AF) of Egypt; he will burn their temples and take their gods captive.(AG) As a shepherd picks(AH) his garment clean of lice, so he will pick Egypt clean and depart. 13 There in the temple of the sun[b](AI) in Egypt he will demolish the sacred pillars(AJ) and will burn down the temples of the gods of Egypt.’”

Disaster Because of Idolatry

44 This word came to Jeremiah concerning all the Jews living in Lower Egypt(AK)—in Migdol,(AL) Tahpanhes(AM) and Memphis(AN)—and in Upper Egypt:(AO) “This is what the Lord Almighty, the God of Israel, says: You saw the great disaster(AP) I brought on Jerusalem and on all the towns of Judah.(AQ) Today they lie deserted and in ruins(AR) because of the evil(AS) they have done. They aroused my anger(AT) by burning incense(AU) to and worshiping other gods(AV) that neither they nor you nor your ancestors(AW) ever knew. Again and again(AX) I sent my servants the prophets,(AY) who said, ‘Do not do this detestable(AZ) thing that I hate!’ But they did not listen or pay attention;(BA) they did not turn from their wickedness(BB) or stop burning incense(BC) to other gods.(BD) Therefore, my fierce anger was poured out;(BE) it raged against the towns of Judah and the streets of Jerusalem and made them the desolate ruins(BF) they are today.

“Now this is what the Lord God Almighty, the God of Israel, says: Why bring such great disaster(BG) on yourselves by cutting off from Judah the men and women,(BH) the children and infants, and so leave yourselves without a remnant?(BI) Why arouse my anger with what your hands have made,(BJ) burning incense(BK) to other gods in Egypt,(BL) where you have come to live?(BM) You will destroy yourselves and make yourselves a curse[c] and an object of reproach(BN) among all the nations on earth. Have you forgotten the wickedness committed by your ancestors(BO) and by the kings(BP) and queens(BQ) of Judah and the wickedness committed by you and your wives(BR) in the land of Judah and the streets of Jerusalem?(BS) 10 To this day they have not humbled(BT) themselves or shown reverence,(BU) nor have they followed my law(BV) and the decrees(BW) I set before you and your ancestors.(BX)

11 “Therefore this is what the Lord Almighty,(BY) the God of Israel, says: I am determined to bring disaster(BZ) on you and to destroy all Judah. 12 I will take away the remnant(CA) of Judah who were determined to go to Egypt to settle there. They will all perish in Egypt; they will fall by the sword or die from famine. From the least to the greatest,(CB) they will die by sword or famine.(CC) They will become a curse and an object of horror, a curse and an object of reproach.(CD) 13 I will punish(CE) those who live in Egypt with the sword,(CF) famine and plague,(CG) as I punished Jerusalem. 14 None of the remnant of Judah who have gone to live in Egypt will escape or survive to return to the land of Judah, to which they long to return and live; none will return except a few fugitives.”(CH)

15 Then all the men who knew that their wives(CI) were burning incense(CJ) to other gods, along with all the women(CK) who were present—a large assembly—and all the people living in Lower and Upper Egypt,(CL) said to Jeremiah, 16 “We will not listen(CM) to the message you have spoken to us in the name of the Lord!(CN) 17 We will certainly do everything we said we would:(CO) We will burn incense(CP) to the Queen of Heaven(CQ) and will pour out drink offerings to her just as we and our ancestors, our kings and our officials(CR) did in the towns of Judah and in the streets of Jerusalem.(CS) At that time we had plenty of food(CT) and were well off and suffered no harm.(CU) 18 But ever since we stopped burning incense to the Queen of Heaven and pouring out drink offerings(CV) to her, we have had nothing and have been perishing by sword and famine.(CW)

19 The women added, “When we burned incense(CX) to the Queen of Heaven(CY) and poured out drink offerings to her, did not our husbands(CZ) know that we were making cakes(DA) impressed with her image(DB) and pouring out drink offerings to her?”

20 Then Jeremiah said to all the people, both men and women, who were answering him, 21 “Did not the Lord remember(DC) and call to mind the incense(DD) burned in the towns of Judah and the streets of Jerusalem(DE) by you and your ancestors,(DF) your kings and your officials and the people of the land?(DG) 22 When the Lord could no longer endure(DH) your wicked actions and the detestable things you did, your land became a curse(DI) and a desolate waste(DJ) without inhabitants, as it is today.(DK) 23 Because you have burned incense and have sinned against the Lord and have not obeyed him or followed(DL) his law or his decrees(DM) or his stipulations, this disaster(DN) has come upon you, as you now see.”(DO)

24 Then Jeremiah said to all the people, including the women,(DP) “Hear the word of the Lord, all you people of Judah in Egypt.(DQ) 25 This is what the Lord Almighty, the God of Israel, says: You and your wives(DR) have done what you said you would do when you promised, ‘We will certainly carry out the vows we made to burn incense and pour out drink offerings to the Queen of Heaven.’(DS)

“Go ahead then, do what you promised! Keep your vows!(DT) 26 But hear the word of the Lord, all you Jews living in Egypt:(DU) ‘I swear(DV) by my great name,’ says the Lord, ‘that no one from Judah living anywhere in Egypt will ever again invoke my name or swear, “As surely as the Sovereign(DW) Lord lives.”(DX) 27 For I am watching(DY) over them for harm,(DZ) not for good; the Jews in Egypt will perish(EA) by sword and famine(EB) until they are all destroyed.(EC) 28 Those who escape the sword(ED) and return to the land of Judah from Egypt will be very few.(EE) Then the whole remnant(EF) of Judah who came to live in Egypt will know whose word will stand(EG)—mine or theirs.(EH)

29 “‘This will be the sign(EI) to you that I will punish(EJ) you in this place,’ declares the Lord, ‘so that you will know that my threats of harm against you will surely stand.’(EK) 30 This is what the Lord says: ‘I am going to deliver Pharaoh(EL) Hophra king of Egypt into the hands of his enemies who want to kill him, just as I gave Zedekiah(EM) king of Judah into the hands of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, the enemy who wanted to kill him.’”(EN)

A Message to Baruch

45 When Baruch(EO) son of Neriah(EP) wrote on a scroll(EQ) the words Jeremiah the prophet dictated in the fourth year of Jehoiakim(ER) son of Josiah king of Judah, Jeremiah said this to Baruch: “This is what the Lord, the God of Israel, says to you, Baruch: You said, ‘Woe(ES) to me! The Lord has added sorrow(ET) to my pain;(EU) I am worn out with groaning(EV) and find no rest.’(EW) But the Lord has told me to say to you, ‘This is what the Lord says: I will overthrow what I have built and uproot(EX) what I have planted,(EY) throughout the earth.(EZ) Should you then seek great(FA) things for yourself? Do not seek them.(FB) For I will bring disaster(FC) on all people,(FD) declares the Lord, but wherever you go I will let you escape(FE) with your life.’”(FF)

A Message About Egypt

46 This is the word of the Lord that came to Jeremiah the prophet concerning the nations:(FG)

Concerning Egypt:(FH)

This is the message against the army of Pharaoh Necho(FI) king of Egypt, which was defeated at Carchemish(FJ) on the Euphrates(FK) River by Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon in the fourth year of Jehoiakim(FL) son of Josiah king of Judah:

“Prepare your shields,(FM) both large and small,
    and march out for battle!
Harness the horses,
    mount the steeds!
Take your positions
    with helmets on!
Polish(FN) your spears,
    put on your armor!(FO)
What do I see?
    They are terrified,
they are retreating,
    their warriors are defeated.
They flee(FP) in haste
    without looking back,
    and there is terror(FQ) on every side,”
declares the Lord.
“The swift cannot flee(FR)
    nor the strong escape.
In the north by the River Euphrates(FS)
    they stumble and fall.(FT)

“Who is this that rises like the Nile,
    like rivers of surging waters?(FU)
Egypt rises like the Nile,(FV)
    like rivers of surging waters.
She says, ‘I will rise and cover the earth;
    I will destroy cities and their people.’(FW)
Charge, you horses!
    Drive furiously, you charioteers!(FX)
March on, you warriors—men of Cush[d](FY) and Put who carry shields,
    men of Lydia(FZ) who draw the bow.
10 But that day(GA) belongs to the Lord, the Lord Almighty—
    a day of vengeance(GB), for vengeance on his foes.
The sword will devour(GC) till it is satisfied,
    till it has quenched its thirst with blood.(GD)
For the Lord, the Lord Almighty, will offer sacrifice(GE)
    in the land of the north by the River Euphrates.(GF)

11 “Go up to Gilead and get balm,(GG)
    Virgin(GH) Daughter Egypt.
But you try many medicines in vain;
    there is no healing(GI) for you.
12 The nations will hear of your shame;
    your cries will fill the earth.
One warrior will stumble over another;
    both will fall(GJ) down together.”

13 This is the message the Lord spoke to Jeremiah the prophet about the coming of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon(GK) to attack Egypt:(GL)

14 “Announce this in Egypt, and proclaim it in Migdol;
    proclaim it also in Memphis(GM) and Tahpanhes:(GN)
‘Take your positions and get ready,
    for the sword devours(GO) those around you.’
15 Why will your warriors be laid low?
    They cannot stand, for the Lord will push them down.(GP)
16 They will stumble(GQ) repeatedly;
    they will fall(GR) over each other.
They will say, ‘Get up, let us go back
    to our own people(GS) and our native lands,
    away from the sword of the oppressor.’(GT)
17 There they will exclaim,
    ‘Pharaoh king of Egypt is only a loud noise;(GU)
    he has missed his opportunity.(GV)

18 “As surely as I live,” declares the King,(GW)
    whose name is the Lord Almighty,
“one will come who is like Tabor(GX) among the mountains,
    like Carmel(GY) by the sea.
19 Pack your belongings for exile,(GZ)
    you who live in Egypt,
for Memphis(HA) will be laid waste(HB)
    and lie in ruins without inhabitant.

20 “Egypt is a beautiful heifer,
    but a gadfly is coming
    against her from the north.(HC)
21 The mercenaries(HD) in her ranks
    are like fattened calves.(HE)
They too will turn and flee(HF) together,
    they will not stand their ground,
for the day(HG) of disaster is coming upon them,
    the time(HH) for them to be punished.
22 Egypt will hiss like a fleeing serpent
    as the enemy advances in force;
they will come against her with axes,
    like men who cut down trees.(HI)
23 They will chop down her forest,”
declares the Lord,
    “dense though it be.
They are more numerous than locusts,(HJ)
    they cannot be counted.
24 Daughter Egypt will be put to shame,
    given into the hands of the people of the north.(HK)

25 The Lord Almighty, the God of Israel, says: “I am about to bring punishment on Amon god of Thebes,(HL) on Pharaoh,(HM) on Egypt and her gods(HN) and her kings, and on those who rely(HO) on Pharaoh. 26 I will give them into the hands(HP) of those who want to kill them—Nebuchadnezzar king(HQ) of Babylon and his officers. Later, however, Egypt will be inhabited(HR) as in times past,” declares the Lord.

27 “Do not be afraid,(HS) Jacob(HT) my servant;(HU)
    do not be dismayed, Israel.
I will surely save you out of a distant place,
    your descendants from the land of their exile.(HV)
Jacob will again have peace and security,
    and no one will make him afraid.
28 Do not be afraid, Jacob my servant,
    for I am with you,”(HW) declares the Lord.
“Though I completely destroy(HX) all the nations
    among which I scatter you,
    I will not completely destroy you.
I will discipline you but only in due measure;
    I will not let you go entirely unpunished.”

Footnotes

  1. Jeremiah 43:3 Or Chaldeans
  2. Jeremiah 43:13 Or in Heliopolis
  3. Jeremiah 44:8 That is, your name will be used in cursing (see 29:22); or, others will see that you are cursed; also in verse 12; similarly in verse 22.
  4. Jeremiah 46:9 That is, the upper Nile region