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13 For you have heard of my former way of life[a] in Judaism, how I was savagely persecuting the church of God and trying to destroy it. 14 I[b] was advancing in Judaism beyond many of my contemporaries in my nation,[c] and was[d] extremely zealous for the traditions of my ancestors.[e]

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Footnotes

  1. Galatians 1:13 tn Or “lifestyle,” “behavior.”
  2. Galatians 1:14 tn Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation. Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
  3. Galatians 1:14 tn Or “among my race.”
  4. Galatians 1:14 tn Grk “was advancing beyond…nation, being.” The participle ὑπάρχων (huparchōn) was translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.
  5. Galatians 1:14 sn The traditions of my ancestors refers to both Pharisaic and popular teachings of this time which eventually were codified in Jewish literature such as the Mishnah, Midrashim, and Targums.