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21 And Satan stood up against Israel, and moved David to number Israel.

And David said to Joab and to the princes of the people, Go, number Israel from Beer-sheba even to Dan; and bring the number of them to me, that I may know it.

And Joab said, Jehovah add to his people, how many soever they be, a hundredfold: are they not all, my lord O king, my lord's servants? why does my lord require this thing? why should he become a trespass to Israel?

But the king's word prevailed against Joab; and Joab departed, and went through all Israel, and came [again] to Jerusalem.

And Joab gave the sum of the number of the people to David. And all they of Israel were eleven hundred thousand men that drew sword; and of Judah, four hundred and seventy thousand men that drew sword.

But Levi and Benjamin he did not count among them; for the king's word was abominable to Joab.

And God was displeased on account of this thing, and he smote Israel.

And David said to God, I have sinned greatly, in that I have done this thing; and now, I beseech thee, put away the iniquity of thy servant; for I have done very foolishly.

And Jehovah spoke to Gad, David's seer, saying,

10 Go and speak to David saying, Thus saith Jehovah: I offer thee three [things]; choose one of them, that I may do it unto thee.

11 And Gad came to David, and said to him, Thus saith Jehovah:

12 Choose thee, either three years of famine, or three months to be destroyed before thine adversaries while that the sword of thine enemies overtaketh thee, or three days the sword of Jehovah and the pestilence in the land, and the angel of Jehovah destroying through all the borders of Israel. And now consider what word I shall bring again to him that sent me.

13 And David said to Gad, I am in a great strait: let me fall, I pray thee, into the hand of Jehovah, for his mercies are very great; but let me not fall into the hand of man.

14 And Jehovah sent a pestilence upon Israel; and there fell of Israel seventy thousand men.

15 And God sent an angel to Jerusalem to destroy it; and as he was destroying, Jehovah beheld, and he repented him of the evil, and said to the angel that destroyed, It is enough; withdraw now thine hand. And the angel of Jehovah stood by the threshing-floor of Ornan the Jebusite.

16 And David lifted up his eyes, and saw the angel of Jehovah stand between the earth and the heavens, and his sword drawn in his hand, stretched out over Jerusalem. And David and the elders, clothed in sackcloth, fell on their faces.

17 And David said to God, Is it not I that commanded the people to be numbered? It is I that have sinned and done evil; but these sheep, what have they done? Let thy hand, I pray thee, Jehovah my God, be on me and on my father's house; but not on thy people, that they should be smitten.

18 And the angel of Jehovah commanded Gad to say to David, that David should go up and rear an altar to Jehovah in the threshing-floor of Ornan the Jebusite.

19 And David went up at the saying of Gad, which he had spoken in the name of Jehovah.

20 And Ornan turned back and saw the angel; and his four sons with him hid themselves. Now Ornan was threshing wheat.

21 And David came to Ornan, and Ornan looked and saw David, and went out of the threshing-floor, and bowed himself to David with [his] face to the ground.

22 And David said to Ornan, Grant me the place of the threshing-floor, that I may build an altar in it to Jehovah: grant it to me for the full money, that the plague may be stayed from the people.

23 And Ornan said to David, Take it to thee, and let my lord the king do that which is good in his sight: see, I give the oxen for the burnt-offering, and the threshing-sledges for wood, and the wheat for the oblation; I give it all.

24 And king David said to Ornan, No; but I will in any case buy [them] for the full money; for I will not take that which is thine for Jehovah, to offer up a burnt-offering without cost.

25 And David gave to Ornan for the place in shekels of gold the weight of six hundred [shekels].

26 And David built there an altar to Jehovah, and offered up burnt-offerings and peace-offerings, and called upon Jehovah; and he answered him from the heavens by fire upon the altar of burnt-offering.

27 And Jehovah spoke to the angel; and he put up his sword again into its sheath.

28 At that time when David saw that Jehovah had answered him in the threshing-floor of Ornan the Jebusite, then he sacrificed there.

29 And the tabernacle of Jehovah, which Moses had made in the wilderness, and the altar of burnt-offering, were at that time in the high place at Gibeon.

30 But David could not go before it to inquire of God; for he was afraid because of the sword of the angel of Jehovah.

22 And David said, This is the house of Jehovah Elohim, and this is the altar of burnt-offering for Israel.

And David commanded to collect the strangers that were in the land of Israel; and he set masons to hew wrought stones to build the house of God.

And David prepared iron in abundance for the nails for the doors of the gates, and for the joists, and brass in abundance without weight;

and cedar-trees innumerable; for the Zidonians and they of Tyre brought cedar-wood in abundance to David.

For David said, Solomon my son is young and tender, and the house that is to be built for Jehovah must be exceeding great in fame and in beauty in all lands: I will therefore make preparation for it. And David prepared abundantly before his death.

And he called for Solomon his son, and charged him to build a house for Jehovah the God of Israel.

And David said to Solomon, As for me, my son, I was minded to build a house unto the name of Jehovah my God.

But the word of Jehovah came to me saying, Thou hast shed blood abundantly, and hast made great wars: thou shalt not build a house unto my name, for thou hast shed much blood upon the earth in my sight.

Behold, a son shall be born to thee, who shall be a man of rest; and I will give him rest from all his enemies round about; for his name shall be Solomon, and in his days I will give peace and quietness unto Israel.

10 He shall build a house unto my name; and he shall be my son, and I will be his father; and I will establish the throne of his kingdom over Israel for ever.

11 Now, my son, Jehovah be with thee, that thou mayest prosper, and build the house of Jehovah thy God, as he has said of thee.

12 Only, Jehovah give thee wisdom and understanding, and place thee over Israel, and to keep the law of Jehovah thy God.

13 Then shalt thou prosper, if thou takest heed to perform the statutes and ordinances which Jehovah commanded Moses for Israel: be strong and courageous; fear not, neither be dismayed.

14 And behold, in my affliction I have prepared for the house of Jehovah a hundred thousand talents of gold, and a thousand thousand talents of silver; and of brass and iron without weight, for it is in abundance; and timber and stone have I prepared; and thou shalt add to it.

15 And there are workmen with thee in abundance, hewers and workers of stone and timber, and all manner of skilful men for every kind of work.

16 Of the gold, the silver, and the brass, and the iron, there is no number. Arise and be doing and Jehovah be with thee.

17 And David commanded all the princes of Israel to help Solomon his son, [saying,]

18 Is not Jehovah your God with you? and has he [not] given you rest on every side? for he has given the inhabitants of the land into my hand; and the land is subdued before Jehovah, and before his people.

19 Now set your heart and your soul to seek Jehovah your God; and arise and build the sanctuary of Jehovah Elohim, to bring the ark of the covenant of Jehovah, and the vessels of the sanctuary of God into the house that is to be built unto the name of Jehovah.

23 And David was old and full of days; and he made Solomon his son king over Israel.

And he gathered together all the princes of Israel, with the priests and the Levites.

And the Levites were numbered from thirty years old and upward; and their number, by their polls, man by man, was thirty-eight thousand.

Of these, twenty-four thousand were to preside over the work of the house of Jehovah; and six thousand were officers and judges;

and four thousand were doorkeepers; and four thousand praised Jehovah with the instruments which I made, [said David,] to praise [therewith].

And David divided them into courses according to the sons of Levi: Gershon, Kohath, and Merari.

Of the Gershonites: Laadan and Shimei.

The sons of Laadan: the head was Jehiel, and Zetham, and Joel, three.

The sons of Shimei: Shelomith, and Haziel, and Haran, three. These were the chief fathers of Laadan.

10 And the sons of Shimei: Jahath, Ziza, and Jeush, and Beriah. These were the four sons of Shimei.

11 And Jahath was the head, and Ziza the second; and Jeush and Beriah had not many sons: as father's house, therefore, they were reckoned as one.

12 The sons of Kohath: Amram, Jizhar, Hebron, and Uzziel, four.

13 The sons of Amram: Aaron and Moses. And Aaron was separated, that he should be hallowed as most holy, he and his sons for ever, to offer before Jehovah, to do service to him, and to bless in his name for ever.

14 —And as to Moses the man of God, his sons were named of the tribe of Levi.

15 The sons of Moses: Gershom and Eliezer.

16 The sons of Gershom: Shebuel the head.

17 And the sons of Eliezer: Rehabiah the head; and Eliezer had no other sons, but the sons of Rehabiah were very many.

18 —The sons of Jizhar: Shelomith the head.

19 The sons of Hebron: Jeriah the head, Amariah the second, Jahaziel the third, and Jekameam the fourth.

20 The sons of Uzziel: Micah the head, and Jishijah the second.

21 The sons of Merari: Mahli and Mushi. The sons of Mahli: Eleazar and Kish.

22 And Eleazar died, and had no sons, but daughters; and their brethren the sons of Kish took them.

23 The sons of Mushi: Mahli, and Eder, and Jeremoth, three.

24 These were the sons of Levi according to their fathers' houses, the chief fathers, as they were reckoned, by number of names by their polls, who did the work of the service of the house of Jehovah, from twenty years old and upward.

25 For David said, Jehovah the God of Israel has given rest to his people, and he will dwell in Jerusalem for ever;

26 and the Levites also have no more to carry the tabernacle, nor any of its vessels for its service.

27 For by the last words of David was this [done],—the numbering of the sons of Levi from twenty years old and upward.

28 For their place was by the side of the sons of Aaron for the service of the house of Jehovah, over the courts, and over the chambers, and over the purifying of all holy things, and [for] the work of the service of the house of God;

29 and for the loaves to be set in rows, and for the fine flour for the oblation, and for the unleavened cakes, and for [what is baked in] the pan, and for that which is saturated [with oil], and for all measure of capacity and size;

30 and to stand every morning to thank and praise Jehovah, and likewise at even;

31 and for all burnt-offerings offered up to Jehovah on the sabbaths, on the new moons, and on the set feasts, by number, according to the ordinance concerning them, continually, before Jehovah;

32 and they kept the charge of the tent of meeting, and the charge of the sanctuary, and the charge of the sons of Aaron their brethren, in the service of the house of Jehovah.

David Counts the Fighting Men(A)

21 Satan(B) rose up against Israel and incited David to take a census(C) of Israel. So David said to Joab and the commanders of the troops, “Go and count(D) the Israelites from Beersheba to Dan. Then report back to me so that I may know how many there are.”

But Joab replied, “May the Lord multiply his troops a hundred times over.(E) My lord the king, are they not all my lord’s subjects? Why does my lord want to do this? Why should he bring guilt on Israel?”

The king’s word, however, overruled Joab; so Joab left and went throughout Israel and then came back to Jerusalem. Joab reported the number of the fighting men to David: In all Israel(F) there were one million one hundred thousand men who could handle a sword, including four hundred and seventy thousand in Judah.

But Joab did not include Levi and Benjamin in the numbering, because the king’s command was repulsive to him. This command was also evil in the sight of God; so he punished Israel.

Then David said to God, “I have sinned greatly by doing this. Now, I beg you, take away the guilt of your servant. I have done a very foolish thing.”

The Lord said to Gad,(G) David’s seer,(H) 10 “Go and tell David, ‘This is what the Lord says: I am giving you three options. Choose one of them for me to carry out against you.’”

11 So Gad went to David and said to him, “This is what the Lord says: ‘Take your choice: 12 three years of famine,(I) three months of being swept away[a] before your enemies, with their swords overtaking you, or three days of the sword(J) of the Lord(K)—days of plague in the land, with the angel of the Lord ravaging every part of Israel.’ Now then, decide how I should answer the one who sent me.”

13 David said to Gad, “I am in deep distress. Let me fall into the hands of the Lord, for his mercy(L) is very great; but do not let me fall into human hands.”

14 So the Lord sent a plague on Israel, and seventy thousand men of Israel fell dead.(M) 15 And God sent an angel(N) to destroy Jerusalem.(O) But as the angel was doing so, the Lord saw it and relented(P) concerning the disaster and said to the angel who was destroying(Q) the people, “Enough! Withdraw your hand.” The angel of the Lord was then standing at the threshing floor of Araunah[b] the Jebusite.

16 David looked up and saw the angel of the Lord standing between heaven and earth, with a drawn sword in his hand extended over Jerusalem. Then David and the elders, clothed in sackcloth, fell facedown.(R)

17 David said to God, “Was it not I who ordered the fighting men to be counted? I, the shepherd,[c] have sinned and done wrong. These are but sheep.(S) What have they done? Lord my God, let your hand fall on me and my family,(T) but do not let this plague remain on your people.”

David Builds an Altar

18 Then the angel of the Lord ordered Gad to tell David to go up and build an altar to the Lord on the threshing floor(U) of Araunah the Jebusite. 19 So David went up in obedience to the word that Gad had spoken in the name of the Lord.

20 While Araunah was threshing wheat,(V) he turned and saw the angel; his four sons who were with him hid themselves. 21 Then David approached, and when Araunah looked and saw him, he left the threshing floor and bowed down before David with his face to the ground.

22 David said to him, “Let me have the site of your threshing floor so I can build an altar to the Lord, that the plague on the people may be stopped. Sell it to me at the full price.”

23 Araunah said to David, “Take it! Let my lord the king do whatever pleases him. Look, I will give the oxen for the burnt offerings, the threshing sledges for the wood, and the wheat for the grain offering. I will give all this.”

24 But King David replied to Araunah, “No, I insist on paying the full price. I will not take for the Lord what is yours, or sacrifice a burnt offering that costs me nothing.”

25 So David paid Araunah six hundred shekels[d] of gold for the site. 26 David built an altar to the Lord there and sacrificed burnt offerings and fellowship offerings. He called on the Lord, and the Lord answered him with fire(W) from heaven on the altar of burnt offering.

27 Then the Lord spoke to the angel, and he put his sword back into its sheath. 28 At that time, when David saw that the Lord had answered him on the threshing floor of Araunah the Jebusite, he offered sacrifices there. 29 The tabernacle of the Lord, which Moses had made in the wilderness, and the altar of burnt offering were at that time on the high place at Gibeon.(X) 30 But David could not go before it to inquire of God, because he was afraid of the sword of the angel of the Lord.

22 Then David said, “The house of the Lord God(Y) is to be here, and also the altar of burnt offering for Israel.”

Preparations for the Temple

So David gave orders to assemble the foreigners(Z) residing in Israel, and from among them he appointed stonecutters(AA) to prepare dressed stone for building the house of God. He provided a large amount of iron to make nails for the doors of the gateways and for the fittings, and more bronze than could be weighed.(AB) He also provided more cedar logs(AC) than could be counted, for the Sidonians and Tyrians had brought large numbers of them to David.

David said, “My son Solomon is young(AD) and inexperienced, and the house to be built for the Lord should be of great magnificence and fame and splendor(AE) in the sight of all the nations. Therefore I will make preparations for it.” So David made extensive preparations before his death.

Then he called for his son Solomon and charged him to build(AF) a house for the Lord, the God of Israel. David said to Solomon: “My son, I had it in my heart(AG) to build(AH) a house for the Name(AI) of the Lord my God. But this word of the Lord came to me: ‘You have shed much blood and have fought many wars.(AJ) You are not to build a house for my Name,(AK) because you have shed much blood on the earth in my sight. But you will have a son who will be a man of peace(AL) and rest,(AM) and I will give him rest from all his enemies on every side. His name will be Solomon,[e](AN) and I will grant Israel peace and quiet(AO) during his reign. 10 He is the one who will build a house for my Name.(AP) He will be my son,(AQ) and I will be his father. And I will establish(AR) the throne of his kingdom over Israel forever.’(AS)

11 “Now, my son, the Lord be with(AT) you, and may you have success and build the house of the Lord your God, as he said you would. 12 May the Lord give you discretion and understanding(AU) when he puts you in command over Israel, so that you may keep the law of the Lord your God. 13 Then you will have success(AV) if you are careful to observe the decrees and laws(AW) that the Lord gave Moses for Israel. Be strong and courageous.(AX) Do not be afraid or discouraged.

14 “I have taken great pains to provide for the temple of the Lord a hundred thousand talents[f] of gold, a million talents[g] of silver, quantities of bronze and iron too great to be weighed, and wood and stone. And you may add to them.(AY) 15 You have many workers: stonecutters, masons and carpenters,(AZ) as well as those skilled in every kind of work 16 in gold and silver, bronze and iron—craftsmen(BA) beyond number. Now begin the work, and the Lord be with you.”

17 Then David ordered(BB) all the leaders of Israel to help his son Solomon. 18 He said to them, “Is not the Lord your God with you? And has he not granted you rest(BC) on every side?(BD) For he has given the inhabitants of the land into my hands, and the land is subject to the Lord and to his people. 19 Now devote your heart and soul to seeking the Lord your God.(BE) Begin to build the sanctuary of the Lord God, so that you may bring the ark of the covenant of the Lord and the sacred articles belonging to God into the temple that will be built for the Name of the Lord.”

The Levites

23 When David was old and full of years, he made his son Solomon(BF) king over Israel.(BG)

He also gathered together all the leaders of Israel, as well as the priests and Levites. The Levites thirty years old or more(BH) were counted,(BI) and the total number of men was thirty-eight thousand.(BJ) David said, “Of these, twenty-four thousand are to be in charge(BK) of the work(BL) of the temple of the Lord and six thousand are to be officials and judges.(BM) Four thousand are to be gatekeepers and four thousand are to praise the Lord with the musical instruments(BN) I have provided for that purpose.”(BO)

David separated(BP) the Levites into divisions corresponding to the sons of Levi:(BQ) Gershon, Kohath and Merari.

Gershonites

Belonging to the Gershonites:(BR)

Ladan and Shimei.

The sons of Ladan:

Jehiel the first, Zetham and Joel—three in all.

The sons of Shimei:

Shelomoth, Haziel and Haran—three in all.

These were the heads of the families of Ladan.

10 And the sons of Shimei:

Jahath, Ziza,[h] Jeush and Beriah.

These were the sons of Shimei—four in all.

11 Jahath was the first and Ziza the second, but Jeush and Beriah did not have many sons; so they were counted as one family with one assignment.

Kohathites

12 The sons of Kohath:(BS)

Amram, Izhar, Hebron and Uzziel—four in all.

13 The sons of Amram:(BT)

Aaron and Moses.

Aaron was set apart,(BU) he and his descendants forever, to consecrate the most holy things, to offer sacrifices before the Lord, to minister(BV) before him and to pronounce blessings(BW) in his name forever. 14 The sons of Moses the man(BX) of God were counted as part of the tribe of Levi.

15 The sons of Moses:

Gershom and Eliezer.(BY)

16 The descendants of Gershom:(BZ)

Shubael was the first.

17 The descendants of Eliezer:

Rehabiah(CA) was the first.

Eliezer had no other sons, but the sons of Rehabiah were very numerous.

18 The sons of Izhar:

Shelomith(CB) was the first.

19 The sons of Hebron:(CC)

Jeriah the first, Amariah the second, Jahaziel the third and Jekameam the fourth.

20 The sons of Uzziel:

Micah the first and Ishiah the second.

Merarites

21 The sons of Merari:(CD)

Mahli and Mushi.(CE)

The sons of Mahli:

Eleazar and Kish.

22 Eleazar died without having sons: he had only daughters. Their cousins, the sons of Kish, married them.(CF)

23 The sons of Mushi:

Mahli, Eder and Jerimoth—three in all.

24 These were the descendants of Levi by their families—the heads of families as they were registered under their names and counted individually, that is, the workers twenty years old or more(CG) who served in the temple of the Lord. 25 For David had said, “Since the Lord, the God of Israel, has granted rest(CH) to his people and has come to dwell in Jerusalem forever, 26 the Levites no longer need to carry the tabernacle or any of the articles used in its service.”(CI) 27 According to the last instructions of David, the Levites were counted from those twenty years old or more.

28 The duty of the Levites was to help Aaron’s descendants in the service of the temple of the Lord: to be in charge of the courtyards, the side rooms, the purification(CJ) of all sacred things and the performance of other duties at the house of God. 29 They were in charge of the bread set out on the table,(CK) the special flour for the grain offerings,(CL) the thin loaves made without yeast, the baking and the mixing, and all measurements of quantity and size.(CM) 30 They were also to stand every morning to thank and praise the Lord. They were to do the same in the evening(CN) 31 and whenever burnt offerings were presented to the Lord on the Sabbaths, at the New Moon(CO) feasts and at the appointed festivals.(CP) They were to serve before the Lord regularly in the proper number and in the way prescribed for them.

32 And so the Levites(CQ) carried out their responsibilities for the tent of meeting,(CR) for the Holy Place and, under their relatives the descendants of Aaron, for the service of the temple of the Lord.(CS)

Footnotes

  1. 1 Chronicles 21:12 Hebrew; Septuagint and Vulgate (see also 2 Samuel 24:13) of fleeing
  2. 1 Chronicles 21:15 Hebrew Ornan, a variant of Araunah; also in verses 18-28
  3. 1 Chronicles 21:17 Probable reading of the original Hebrew text (see 2 Samuel 24:17 and note); Masoretic Text does not have the shepherd.
  4. 1 Chronicles 21:25 That is, about 15 pounds or about 6.9 kilograms
  5. 1 Chronicles 22:9 Solomon sounds like and may be derived from the Hebrew for peace.
  6. 1 Chronicles 22:14 That is, about 3,750 tons or about 3,400 metric tons
  7. 1 Chronicles 22:14 That is, about 37,500 tons or about 34,000 metric tons
  8. 1 Chronicles 23:10 One Hebrew manuscript, Septuagint and Vulgate (see also verse 11); most Hebrew manuscripts Zina